De Wetenschappelijke Raad voor het Regeringsbeleid (WRR) bepleit in zijn rapport Aan het buitenland gehecht een nieuwe aanpak van het buitenlandbeleid. De wereld om ons heen is onderhevig aan veranderende machtsverhoudingen, wordt bevolkt door andere spelers dan in het verleden, en wordt gekenmerkt door een sterkere verknoping van nationale en internationale vraagstukken. Dit vraagt om nieuwe antwoorden, om een heroriëntatie op het buitenlandbeleid. Het rapport wordt op 30 november namens de regering in ontvangst genomen door de minister van Buitenlandse Zaken, dr. U. Rosenthal. Het rapport st
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In a globalized world the "foreign" aspect is getting more and more important. Despite the much talked about pros and cons, this also means that a number of unforeseen challenges should be met. Karel De Gucht, Belgium's Minister of Foreign Affairs, proposes ten theses regarding preparation and coordination of policies, civic service, communication and public diplomacy, qualification and education of its personal, a network of posts abroad, supportive material and services (informatics and security mainly). References. O. van Zijl
Apart from Belgian's OSCE Presidency (Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe), two other important topics in 2006 Belgian foreign affairs were economic diplomacy and the European policy. Concerning economic diplomacy the text addresses the problems surrounding two German branches on Belgian territory: the Volkswagen assembly line and DHL. Furthermore, increased importance of economic diplomacy is a well decided approach of the current Minister for Foreign Affairs De Gucht, emphasizing that in bilateral discussions the economic aspect has to be taken into account at all times. Regarding the European policy of ongoing development of European security and defense policy (EVDB) and civic-military cooperation are addressed. Transatlantic relations have improved since 2003 (Iraq war), changing into a "agree where we can, agree to disagree where we can't" attitude, Belgium diplomatic language has lost its rougher edges, and "the glorious three", three years of Belgium presidency (OSCE 2006, UN Security Council 2007-2008) in which the country gained in expressiveness, but lost character opposite large power such as Russia, the US and China. Regarding the UN Security Council a main objective was abolishing the veto right for permanent member states. Tables, Figures, References. O. van Zijl
A little appreciated member of the international community in 2004, Belgium has developed the previous years into a constructive diplomatic element that takes to heart its international responsibility (examples: troops in Lebanon, Afghanistan, Balkans, and an effective diplomatic intervention concerning the Democratic Republic of Congo). Responsibly for this success are called Belgian impartiality, its open ears, imagination and collaboration regarding multilateralism. Furthermore, the EU's enlargement by 10 states is discussed, the rejecting of the European Constitution by France and the Netherlands, and the strengthened position of the BENELUX within the EU. A second topic: relations with the neighboring countries France, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg. A last item discusses cooperation in multilateral development projects. References. O. van Zijl
The international environmental system consists of numerous organizations and hundreds of multilateral treaties that focus on different environmental issues. For decades, there is fierce criticism of the effectiveness and efficiency of this system because of a lack of a clear vision; overlapping and sometimes conflicting mandates and activities by insufficient coordination; weak implementation and enforcement; and conflicts with other international policy systems (notably trade). Although the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) mandate is to coordinate milieuge-related activities of the United Nations, it is severely limited by an inadequate and indescribable reliable budget, weak legitimate status and the overlap of the mandate of UNEP those of other international organizations. In the past 40 years, dozens of proposals developed by states, UN commissions and academics for a UN or World Environment Organisation (WEO/UNEO). This would have sufficient authority and budget should have to better coordinate environmental system. Adapted from the source document.
In spite of an approval of the financial perspectives 2007-2013 and the economic boom of the euro zone, "crisis" has not left the EU. It is installed in the institutions, but also and especially it has infected the spirits of European citizens. An article that treats the pros, cons and influences of the EU enlargement from 15 to 25 states, discussing the attitudes of single member states regarding for example immigration, the treatment of files and common questions, pluralistic votes that render difficult processes now that the Rhine-model (a BENELUX and Franco-German alliance) no longer has the upper hand. Furthermore is discussed European Parliament and Justice Court, both influenced in their functioning by the enlargement of the EU. Belgium's future role lies in seeking alliances with same-spirited member states, and to fill in the EU's delivery-gap regarding citizen demands for more justice, freedom and security, and a more uniform Europe as regards energy and foreign policy. References. O. van Zijl
The present article was part of the conference Belgium and its foreign policy of November 2006, organized by the University of Gent and Catholic University Leuven. It presents an evaluation of the Belgian 2006 Presidency of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). A main objective has been to play an active role regarding the institutional reforms. Achieved were: increased efficacy of the organization, and a renewed confidence in communication between eastern- and western-member states (dividing line, Vienna); strengthening of the economic and ecological dimension, with as focus transport (achieved: increased cooperation between member states, special attention for land-locked countries, and transport-related security issues such ash illegal migration, human traffic, drug traffic, and terrorism); fight against international crime and promotion of the rule of law as central topic of the chairmanship (achieved: increased cooperation between member states); a constructive contribution to solving frozen conflicts (achieved: theoretical improvements). Concerning the human dimension of the OSCE: activities concerning access to legal advice, democratization, mediums freedom, trafficking of human beings, tolerance (the Danish cartoon crisis), and increased access of NGOs to OCSE meetings. References. O. van Zijl
Also available in English "http://www.aup.nl/do.php?a=show_visitor_book&isbn=9789089643285">Attached to the World Few other countries are so interrelated with the world around us in political, economic, and social respects as the Netherlands. This means that the Dutch government needs to be alert in its response to the risks and opportunities presented by a rapidly changing world. Addressing this issue, the Scientific Council for Government Policy (wrr) offers some reflections in this report, guided by the question how the Netherlands can develop a foreign policy strategy that matches the changing power relations in the world and the radically changed character of international relations. The answer to this question is a reorientation. This means making transparent choices, making smarter use of Europe as our dominant arena, and, finally, choosing an approach that makes better use of the growing role of non-state actors. The report's recommendations not only underline the necessity of reorientation but also show how this could be accomplished in practice. - Ook verschenen in het Engels "http://www.aup.nl/do.php?a=show_visitor_book&isbn=9789089643285">Attached to the World De Wetenschappelijke Raad voor het Regeringsbeleid (WRR) bepleit in zijn rapport Aan het buitenland gehecht een nieuwe aanpak van het buitenlandbeleid. De wereld om ons heen is onderhevig aan veranderende machtsverhoudingen, wordt bevolkt door andere spelers dan in het verleden, en wordt gekenmerkt door een sterkere verknoping van nationale en internationale vraagstukken. Dit vraagt om nieuwe antwoorden, om een heroriëntatie op het buitenlandbeleid. Het rapport wordt op 30 november namens de regering in ontvangst genomen door de minister van Buitenlandse Zaken, dr. U. Rosenthal. Het rapport stelt vast dat de internationale betrekkingen radicaal van karakter zijn veranderd. De vertrouwde afbakening tussen binnen- en buitenland vervaagt steeds verder, met name in Europa. Een groot deel van de Nederlanders ervaart dit evenwel nog anders. Tegelijkertijd neemt hun onzekerheid over de positie van Nederland in de wereld toe, mede door de recente financiële crisis. Het WRR-rapport bepleit een strategischer aanpak van de buitenlandpolitiek en schetst daarvoor een afwegingskader. Hiermee kunnen duidelijke keuzes worden gemaakt. Bijvoorbeeld door de nadruk te leggen op beleidsterreinen waarop Nederland sterk is en zich langere tijd wil profileren, zoals water, voedsel, of internationaal recht. De keuzes moeten ertoe bijdragen dat het profiel, de zichtbaarheid en de invloed van Nederland worden vergroot. Door in het buitenlandbeleid de samenhang tussen nationale en internationale belangen sterker te benadrukken, zal dat beleid in eigen land op ruimere steun kunnen rekenen, verwacht de WRR. De nieuwe aanpak zal er volgens de WRR toe leiden dat de algemene buitenlandstrategie een zaak van de gehele ministerraad wordt. Deze aanpak impliceert geen herijking of ontkokering van het buitenlandbeleid. Het vraagt een andere benadering, een andere houding. De Europese Unie is en blijft voor Nederland de meest dominante arena voor internationale samenwerking. Wie zijn doelen in het buitenlandbeleid wil bereiken, moet juist hier invloed uitoefenen, juist hier excelleren om zijn nationale belangen te realiseren. Volgens de WRR vergt dit een antwoord op de vragen: in wat voor Europa willen wij leven en hoe kunnen we onze invloed aanwenden om dit Europa naar vermogen mee vorm geven? Daarbij zou het passen wanneer ons land de praktijk van de ons omringende landen volgt en de minister-president daadwerkelijk tot eerstverantwoordelijke voor het EU-beleid aanwijst, aan het hoofd van het 'ministerie van Algemene en Europese Zaken'. Een strategischer buitenlandbeleid vraagt om een adequate uitvoering. Naast organisatorische aanscherpingen, kunnen bestaande instrumenten beter worden benut. Zo meent de WRR dat het postennet van diplomatieke vertegenwoordigingen in de wereld niet gebaseerd moet zijn op vaste reflexen, maar een afgeleide dient te zijn van een heldere strategie. Tevens zijn nieuwe vormen van samenwerking met andere landen noodzakelijk, waarbij ook nadrukkelijk ruimte en erkenning ontstaan voor samenwerking met niet-statelijke actoren zoals bedrijven, ngo's en belangenorganisaties. Kortom: de WRR bepleit in de buitenlandse politiek strategisch-inhoudelijk scherp te kiezen, te streven naar excellentie binnen Europa en een faciliterend medespeler te worden in de wereld van niet-statelijke actoren. Tevens zijn in het kader van dit onderzoek gepubliceerd: "http://www.wrr.nl/content.jsp?objectid=5464">WRR-webpublicatie nr. 43, Internationalisering en Europeanisering van strafrechtelijke rechtshandhaving in Nederland, dr.mr. A. van den Brink "http://www.wrr.nl/content.jsp?objectid=5302">WRR-webpublicatie nr. 42, Het Nederlandse veiligheidsbeleid in een veranderende wereld, drs. M.H. Klem
This new study of the genesis of the Indonesian national state is based on the notion that the birth of that nation grew out of not only the liberation movement but also from the Dutch rule that the nationalists agitated against. The book places a clear emphasis on the ways in which Dutch rule was established in the Indonesian archipelago in the course of three centuries and examines the developments of Dutch colonial policies. This feeds into chapters that focus on the Indonesian nationalist movement and the Japanese occupation of the colony in 1942-1945.The occupation helped to enable the proclamation of Indonesian indepence and the creation of the Republic in August 1945. The conflict that erupted between the Repub-lic and the Netherlands was brought to an incomplete 'solution' in 1949, but the dis-pute about West-Irian led to a sequel that lasted for another thirteen years. More than half of this book is dedicated to the conflict and its aftermath. Much attention is paid to the sentiments and ideas that informed Dutch policy. Various issues that have received scant attention in the historiography are now dis-cussed. The author based his study on Dutch and international literature, contemporary newspapers and policy documents, and his own memories. In the book's title, the stork represents the Dutch and the garuda functions as a symbol of Indonesia. J. Herman Burgers (1926) worked at the Dutch Department of Foreign Affairs. He studied Law in Amsterdam and Political Science at Stanford University. He was deeply interested in the conflict between the Netherlands and the Republic of Indone-sia, as it broke out in 1945. This fascination has never left him, and he has continued to study the conflict and its aftermath, especially during the years 1948-1950 when he was in Indonesia for his Dutch military service
