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THE RUSSIAN ELECTIONS OF DECEMBER 1993 WERE A FURTHER STEP IN RUSSIA'S TRANSITION FROM A FRAGILE, EMBRYONIC DEMOCRACY TO A CONDITION OF CHRONIC INSTABILITY AND AT LEAST PARTIAL DISINTEGRATION. THE ALREADY ADVANCED PROCESS OF GRADUAL COMING-APART-AT-THE-SEAMS WILL PROBABLY CONTINUE, TO BE FOLLOWED IN DUE COURSE BY DETERMINED EFFORTS TO REUNITE THE COUNTRY, MOST LIKELY LED BY THE FORCES OF MILITANT RUSSIAN NATIONALISM. THIS ARTICLE ARGUES THAT THE PROSPECTS FOR RUSSIAN DEMOCRACY APPEAR BLEAK.

Describes fragmentation of the party system and the end of the dominance of the Congress party, the shifting of power to the states, and the consensus on economic liberalization.

The rapid emergence of the policy sci conception is a consequence of profound changes in the modern world, & in turn is affecting public & private decision. In broad outline European civilization has passed from a high level of homogeneity to increasing fragmentation, & more recently toward a new & comprehensive configurative outlook. (1) The diff'iation of the modern world fostered the fragmentation of intellectual life. It reduced the relative number of men of knowledge who gave attention to the map of knowledge as a whole, or to the soc consequences & policy implications of sci & scholarship. (2) At a later state of diff'iation specialists attain a high level of involvement in the policy processes of society. Increasingly they utilize a configurative approach to the advancement & application of knowledge. (3) At first, special & exclusive interests are multiplied by diff'iation & fragmentation. As the aggregate impact of men of knowledge expands, particular demands are made more universal. This is a by-product of coalition formation. (4) Configurative ways of thinking do not necessarily result in effective control by champions of democratic & peaceful policy aims unless genuine freedom of access to knowledge--to data banks--is maintained, realistic common interests are unlikely to be defined either by policy sci'ts or decisionmakers. Modified HA.

'The Fragmentation of Being' offers answers to some of the most fundamental questions in ontology. There are many kinds of beings but are there also many kinds of being? The world contains a variety of objects, each of which, let us provisionally assume, exists, but do some objects exist in different ways? Do some objects enjoy more being or existence than other objects? Are there different ways in which one object might enjoy more being than another? Most contemporary metaphysicians would answer "no" to each of these questions. So widespread is this consensus that the questions this book addressed are rarely even raised let alone explicitly answered. But Kris McDaniel carefully examines a wide range of reasons for answering each of these questions with a "yes". In doing so, he connects these questions with many important metaphysical topics, including substance and accident, time and persistence, the nature of ontological categories, possibility and necessity, presence and absence, persons and value, ground and consequence, and essence and accident. In addition to discussing contemporary problems and theories, McDaniel also discusses the ontological views of many important figures in the history of philosophy, including Aquinas, Aristotle, Descartes, Heidegger, Husserl, Kant, Leibniz, Meinong, and many more

IN POLAND, THE DEEP SPLIT IN SOLIDARITY WHICH HAS BEGUN TO APPEAR IN THE 1990S HAD ITS ROOTS BEGINNING AS EARLY AS 1981. THE APPEARANCE OF UNITY WHICH HAS CONCEALED GROWING DIVISIONS IS BECOMING MORE VISIBLE AS TIME GOES ON. THIS ARTICLE EXPLORES: SOLIDARITY SPLTS IN TWO; THE POST-SOLIDARITY ERA; POST-SOLIDARITY ORGANIZATIONS; THE IMPACT OF THE ELECTORAL SYSTEM; AND, WHY THE PARTIES ARE SO WEAK. POLAND'S NEW DEMOCRACY IS ABOUT TO CONFRONT MANY CONSTITUTIONAL CHOICES. AMONG THESE, TWO STAND OUT AS CRUCIAL: WHETHER TO OPT FOR PARLIMENTARY AS OPPOSED TO PRESIDENTIAL GOVERNMENT, AND WHETHER TO SELECT PROPORTUNATAL REPRESENTATION AS OPPOSED TO A SYSTEM OF PLURALITY ELECTIONS.

Max Weber represented a firm break from G. W. F. Hegel in several ways. First, his scientifically defensible constructivist ideal types replace Hegel's idealist vision of an immanently unfolding history. Second, he recognized profound changes in German society & politics subsumed in concepts such as modernization, secularization, & national unification. Weber's critique of Hegel's totalizing philosophical vision is described in light of the contemporary, poststructuralist criticisms of totality. The adequacy & political & cultural implications of Weber's critique are evaluated. Contemporary critics reject the idea of the subject altogether; Weber saw the ideal of a self-determining subject as a positive historical legacy. A. Waters