Suchergebnisse

Abstract
The UK was one of only three countries that granted free movement of workers to accession nationals following the enlargement of the European Union in May 2004. The resulting migration inflow, which was substantially larger and faster than anticipated, arguably corresponds more closely to an exogenous supply shock than most migration shocks studied in the literature. We evaluate the impact of this migration inflow – one of the largest in British history – on the UK labour market. We use new monthly micro-level data and an empirical approach that investigates which of several particular labour markets in the UK – with varying degrees of natives' mobility and migrants' self-selection – may have been affected. We found little evidence that the inflow of accession migrants contributed to a fall in wages or a rise in claimant unemployment in the UK between 2004 and 2006.

AbstractThis article examines stratification of journeys of undocumented Honduran migrants to the United States. The unequal distribution of wealth across the world forces many people to migrate to wealthier countries. Despite the narrative of free movement of goods and finances, migrants run into the ever strengthening security systems of nation states. Migrants' access to mobility (finances and networks) influences how migrants interact with these systems, which impacts their experiences on their journeys. I conducted in‐depth interviews with 21 Honduran migrants and subjected these to narrative analysis. I was able to identify several strata of journeys as well as the processes and specific actors that shape them. The degree to which migrants are subject to abuse, robbery, rape, and death on their journeys, and often their success in reaching their destinations, depend on their access to mobility.

For years, politicians placed individuals' mobility at the heart of the EU's popularity. Projects such as the Schengen and Euro areas reduced obstacles to free movement, thereby creating greater employment chances as well as more choice and means of exchange for citizens. But not all citizens can or want to move. An immobile sub-section of the population has long worried that it bears the brunt of low-paid immi-grant labour. Now, it increasingly worries too that more mobile elites will emigrate and abandon it to face national economic decline and debt liabilities alone. If govern-ments are to convince their publics of the need for painful reforms to shore up the Euro and Schengen areas, they must ensure that all sections of society feel the benefits of mobility

Статья посвящена актуальным проблемам правового регулирования международной миграции в условиях глобализации. В настоящее время наметилась тенденция резкого увеличения количества иностранных работников на рынках труда экономически развитых стран, в связи с тем, что глобализация приводит со всей неизбежностью как к свободному перемещению трудовых ресурсов в рамках мировой экономики, так и устранению барьеров, в том числе и в виде жестких требований национального миграционного законодательства. ; The article is devoted to actual problems of legal regulation of international labour migration in a globalized world. Currently there is the trend of sharp increase in the number of foreign workers in the labor markets of economically developed countries due to the fact that globalization leads to inexorably both the free movement of labor within the world economy and removing barriers, including stringent requirements of national immigration legislation.

Рассматривается Амстердамский договор, передавший решение вопросов о визах, предоставлении убежища, иммиграционной и другой политике, относящейся к свободному перемещению лиц, в ведение Договора о Европейском сообществе, и наделивший ЕС законодательным полномочием в сфере международного гражданского процесса и международного частного права, а также регламенты, принятые на основе этого договора. ; Having transferred the title on visas, asylum, immigration and other policies related to free movement of persons from the third pillar into the Treaty on European Community, the Amsterdam Treaty vested legislative power in the European Community in the fields of international civil procedure and private international law. On the basis of this power, the European Community enacted a series of Regulations, which will soon unify both areas of law. Such unification will not only facilitate legal relations within the European Union but also enhance legal relations with third countries.

Failure to fulfil obligations — Free movement of goods — Articles 34 TFEU and 36 TFEU (ex Arts 28 EC and 30 EC) — Protection of species of wild fauna and flora — Legislation relating to the keeping and marketing of birds born and bred in captivity legally placed on the market in other Member States — CITES Regulation (EC) No 338/97 — Exception for the protection of biodiversity (no) ; Manquement d'Etat - Libre circulation des marchandises - Articles 34 TFUE et 36 TFUE (ex-art. 28 CE et 30 CE) - Protection des espèces de faune et de flore sauvages - Réglementation relative à la détention et à la commercialisation d'oiseaux nés et élevés en captivité légalement mis sur le marché dans d'autres Etats membres - Règlement (CE) n° 338/97 "CITES" - Exception en faveur de la protection de la biodiversité (non)

The coordination of sickness benefits by the new Regulation 883/2004 has been modernised to some extent, particularly in providing social protection for frontier workers and members of their families and for pensioners. The achievements of the new regulations do not, however, go beyond what could have been reached by a revision of Regulation 1408/71. The relationships between cross-border cost reimbursement and patient mobility, between Treaty rights based on the right to free movement of services and to coordination of social security are still unsettled. They are even further complicated by the proposed Directive on the exercise of patient rights in cross-border healthcare. The relationship between care benefits related to sickness and special non-contributory benefits needs further clarification and is not comprehensively governed by the regulation.

Recent initiatives in the area of European private law seem to rely ever more extensively on very broad, general and vague provisions, in particular the concept of 'good faith and fair dealing', a concept already present in the acquis communautaire. These and similarly vague terms will only have an impact if interpreted autonomously and unitarily by a central authority. Despite its cautious approach regarding the assessment of the fairness of contract terms, this task can rest only with the European Court of Justice. This article explores whether and to what extent the four market freedoms regarding the free movement of goods, persons, services and capital, as well as the fundamental rights developed by the Court's jurisprudence, now laid down in the EU Charter on Fundamental Rights, may contribute to the development of an autonomous European method of legal reasoning.

The Court has continued with its expansive interpretation of the Citizenship provisions in Article 18 EC which it had previously acknowledged as being a fundamental right granted to all EU citizens by the Treaty.1 The case-law of the Court has, in particular, stressed the relationship between the free movement rights under Article 18 EC and preventing discrimination against EU nationals on grounds of nationality and without which the Citizenship provisions would lack force. Two recent judgments of Bidar2 and Ioannidis3 demonstrate the extent to which the Court will prevent covert discrimination on grounds of nationality. In a third judgment, that of Schempp,4 the Court, seemingly sensitive to criticism of interfering in domestic tax policy, adopts a more measured interpretation of discrimination when considering whether the rights granted under Article 18 EC are interfered with.

The size of the informal labour force and its contribution to the national income of North Cyprus has been an issue of considerable controversy and political significance. Because of the relatively free movement of labour between Turkey and North Cyprus, a significant body of unregistered workers have accumulated in North Cyprus. The findings are that from 1996 to 2000 the informal employment is between 35 to 40 per cent of the total labour force. Because not all the informal sectors production is excluded from the official national income statistics, the understatement of the official statistics is estimated to be between 12 to 17 percent of GNP. The fiscal losses are estimated to be about 9 percent of total tax revenues and a loss of social security revenues is approximately 38 per cent of the total annual contributions.

The implications of Fox Television's Prison Break (created, written & produced by Paul Scheuring, 2005) for understanding the disproportionate incarceration of socio-economically & demographically poor Americans are considered. After briefly introducing the protagonist & other major characters & summarizing the television series' central plot, it is demonstrated that many minor characters who are criminal offenders exhibit markers of class, ethnic, or racial otherness but that the protagonist, who is capable of relatively free movement within the fictional prison, is white & middle-class. Even though the series clearly differentiates lower- & middle-class criminal offenders, it is asserted that early-life choices are perceived as substantial influences upon characters' offending actions. Nonetheless, it is stressed that middle-class identities are paradoxically problematized by the extent of official corruption in the fictional prison. J. W. Parker