Sixty-eight authors present current knowledge about landscape-lake and landscape-stream relationships in four continents with a focus on improved understanding and management of fish and macroinvertebrate assemblage patterns and trends. The book includes chapters on (1) finding and interpreting pertinent non-GIS landscape data; (2) use of riverscapes for assessing and interpreting natural and anthropogenic limits on fish species; (3) landscape-lake interactions affecting fish species and lake-river resilience; (4) methods for improving landscape-aquatic survey designs and sampling methodologies; (5) landscape effects on stream habitat conditions; (6) use of hydrologic units or regions for partitioning biotic responses to landscape conditions; and (7) employing landscape variables in predictive conservation modeling.--
International audience ; This chapter explores the links between drought governance and the vulnerability of freshwater for drinking water supply, with a focus on drought adaptation. The public awareness of drought and water scarcity risks in such a flood-prone region is still low. However, the fact that fresh water availability for drinking water supply is threatened not only by a decrease in water availability, related to climate variability and climate change, but also due to the increase in water demand, related to population and economic growth, this issue can potentially motivate the introduction of drought and water scarcity risks into the public and political agenda. Even if the northwestern European countries in this study have similar climatic settings, other aspects of their contexts can be quite contrasting in each pilot case. Depending on where the freshwater reservoir is placed, upstream or downstream within the catchment, different levels and scales are mobilized to tackle water management challenges. The priority hierarchy of water uses in case of drought can also be surprisingly different in neighboring countries. Even if some actions, as the expansion of spatial water networks connectivity, have started to improve the robustness of drinking water systems, the solutions that require a paradigm shift to a most systemic strategy including water demand control remain out of the agenda and could greatly improve the resilience of the region to drought and water scarcity risk.
International audience ; This chapter explores the links between drought governance and the vulnerability of freshwater for drinking water supply, with a focus on drought adaptation. The public awareness of drought and water scarcity risks in such a flood-prone region is still low. However, the fact that fresh water availability for drinking water supply is threatened not only by a decrease in water availability, related to climate variability and climate change, but also due to the increase in water demand, related to population and economic growth, this issue can potentially motivate the introduction of drought and water scarcity risks into the public and political agenda. Even if the northwestern European countries in this study have similar climatic settings, other aspects of their contexts can be quite contrasting in each pilot case. Depending on where the freshwater reservoir is placed, upstream or downstream within the catchment, different levels and scales are mobilized to tackle water management challenges. The priority hierarchy of water uses in case of drought can also be surprisingly different in neighboring countries. Even if some actions, as the expansion of spatial water networks connectivity, have started to improve the robustness of drinking water systems, the solutions that require a paradigm shift to a most systemic strategy including water demand control remain out of the agenda and could greatly improve the resilience of the region to drought and water scarcity risk.
One singularity of northwestern Europe (NWE) is that severe droughts are rare events in the region and water scarcity has hardly been experienced in its history. The DROP pilot sites are not exceptions to this context. Although the lack of a drought history in wet areas can explain why drought and water scarcity are not necessarily the focus of (if ever considered in) river basin management plans, it must be noted that freshwater availability for drinking water provision remains a priority stake in both quantitative and qualitative aspects. Providing a reliable and safe supply of drinking water may thus be a leading entryway to the development of drought risk awareness and drought adaptation measures in a river basin. When such essential resource is threatened and the competition for water among users increases, there is a good chance that reflections and changes will be triggered. Water use conflicts and drinking water supply threats may arise due to increased water demand, but also due to decreased water availability. The later may occur because of natural climate variability, i.e., drier years than average, or as the result of the impact of climate change on local water resources. Climate change awareness is then an important asset to manage water availability. Where climate change awareness is low and adaptation measures are basically inexistent, social and political responses to drought adaptation may be slow and inefficient. However, even in those cases where climate change awareness is still low in general society, water authorities and other stakeholders are conscious that water demand tends to intensify with population and economic growth, rendering water scarcity conceivable and even foreseeable. Freshwater availability for drinking water supply is therefore an issue that can motivate the introduction of drought and water scarcity risks into the political and public agenda , even in " drought-scarce " regions. This chapter highlights the links between drought governance and the vulnerability of ...
One singularity of northwestern Europe (NWE) is that severe droughts are rare events in the region and water scarcity has hardly been experienced in its history. The DROP pilot sites are not exceptions to this context. Although the lack of a drought history in wet areas can explain why drought and water scarcity are not necessarily the focus of (if ever considered in) river basin management plans, it must be noted that freshwater availability for drinking water provision remains a priority stake in both quantitative and qualitative aspects. Providing a reliable and safe supply of drinking water may thus be a leading entryway to the development of drought risk awareness and drought adaptation measures in a river basin. When such essential resource is threatened and the competition for water among users increases, there is a good chance that reflections and changes will be triggered. Water use conflicts and drinking water supply threats may arise due to increased water demand, but also due to decreased water availability. The later may occur because of natural climate variability, i.e., drier years than average, or as the result of the impact of climate change on local water resources. Climate change awareness is then an important asset to manage water availability. Where climate change awareness is low and adaptation measures are basically inexistent, social and political responses to drought adaptation may be slow and inefficient. However, even in those cases where climate change awareness is still low in general society, water authorities and other stakeholders are conscious that water demand tends to intensify with population and economic growth, rendering water scarcity conceivable and even foreseeable. Freshwater availability for drinking water supply is therefore an issue that can motivate the introduction of drought and water scarcity risks into the political and public agenda , even in " drought-scarce " regions. This chapter highlights the links between drought governance and the vulnerability of ...
Greater scientific knowledge, changing societal values, and legislative mandates have emphasized the importance of implementing large-scale flow experiments (FEs) downstream of dams. We provide the first global assessment of FEs to evaluate their success in advancing science and informing management decisions. Systematic review of 113 FEs across 20 countries revealed that clear articulation of experimental objectives, while not universally practiced, was crucial for achieving management outcomes and changing dam-operating policies. Furthermore, changes to dam operations were three times less likely when FEs were conducted primarily for scientific purposes. Despite the recognized importance of riverine flow regimes, four-fifths of FEs involved only discrete flow events. Over three-quarters of FEs documented both abiotic and biotic outcomes, but only one-third examined multiple taxonomic responses, thus limiting how FE results can inform holistic dam management. Future FEs will present new opportunities to advance scientifically credible water policies. ; Full Text
This is the first lecture in the course Freshwater Hydrobiology. It is an introductory lecture which introduces a number of basic concepts that underpin the area. This is a PowerPoint lecture which is free to use and modify. It was designed to be used in conjunction with the course text Gray, N.F. (2017) Water Science and Technology: An Introduction, published by CRC Press, Oxford. In the lecture, the following are explored: definition of hydrobiology and limnology, hydrological cycle, freshwater habitats, retention time, classification of rivers, global warming, climate change, EU water legislation, biological quality, water service cycle, catchment management, River Basin Management Plans, Water Framework Directive, Irish River Basin Districts, Environmental quality standards, and priority substances. ; 1
Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- About this book -- About the companion website -- PART I: Processes in Aquatic Ecosystems -- CHAPTER 1: Australian waters: diverse, variable and valuable -- 1.1 The Challenge for Aquatic Ecologists -- 1.2 Defining Some Common Terms -- 1.3 Australian Inland Waters: Their Diversity and Distribution -- 1.4 The Water Regime: 'Where, When and to What Extent Water is Present' -- 1.4.1 Water budgets, scale issues and human influences on water regimes -- 1.4.2 Components of the water regime -- 1.4.3 Water regime variability -- 1.5 Linkages in Aquatic Ecosystems: from Molecular Bonds to Global Exchanges -- 1.5.1 Wonderful water and its molecular linkages -- 1.5.2 Linkages at the catchment scale -- 1.5.3 Linkages at the global scale: the hydrological cycle -- 1.5.4 Continental linkages and surface waters in Australia -- 1.5.5 Continental linkages and groundwaters in Australia -- 1.6 The Structure of This Book -- CHAPTER 2: Physical processes in standing waters -- 2.1 Depth and Physical Processes -- 2.2 Let There Be Light ... -- 2.2.1 Light reaching the water surface -- 2.2.2 Light below the water surface -- 2.2.3 Seeing through water: Secchi discs and quantum sensors -- 2.3 The Euphotic Zone -- 2.4 Light and Life -- 2.5 Temperature and Stratification -- 2.5.1 Causes of stratification -- 2.6 Using Circulation Patterns to Classify Standing Waters -- 2.7 Ecological Implications of the Different Types of Stratification and Mixing -- 2.8 Deep Versus Shallow Standing Waters: Depth Matters -- 2.8.1 How deep standing waters form -- 2.8.2 How shallow standing waters form -- 2.9 Synthesis -- CHAPTER 3: Chemical processes in standing waters -- 3.1 'There's a Certain Chemistry ...' -- 3.2 Dissolved Gases -- 3.2.1 Oxygen -- 3.2.2 Carbon dioxide -- 3.2.3 Hydrogen -- 3.2.4 Methane -- 3.3 Sources of Ions.
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