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This book examines the operational and political challenges facing UN peace operations deployed in countries where civil war and protracted violence have given rise to the complex and distinctive political economies of conflict. The volume explores the nature and impact of such political economies – informal systems of power and influence formed by the interaction of local, national, and region-wide war economies with the political agendas of conflict actors – on the course of UN peace operations. It focuses in detail on the UN's long-running peace operations in the Democratic Republic of Congo, South Sudan, Afghanistan, Sierra Leone, Mali, and Somalia. The book is centrally concerned with the interaction of UN missions with the power structures and local conflict dynamics that shape individual mission settings, and the challenges these pose for mediation, protection of civilians, and other tasks. It also offers a critical assessment of the various ways in which the UN 'system', from its headquarters in New York to the field, has confronted the policy challenges posed by political economies of conflict-affected states, societies, and regions. It advances a pragmatic set of policy recommendations aimed at improving the UN's ability to confront predatory and exploitative war economies. At the same time, the volume makes it clear that political and institutional obstacles to more effective UN action are certain to remain profound and are unlikely ever to be fully overcome let alone eradicated. Despite making some progress since the 1990s to better understand the political economy of civil wars, the UN has struggled with how to tackle informal networks of power and their consequences for efforts to end wars.

This book examines the parallel development and interaction between the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the doctrine of the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP), assessing this relationship over time and through case studies of Darfur, Libya, and Syria. The similarities and connections between the doctrine and the Court have been highlighted by UN bodies, the organs of the Court, and scholars, yet their relationship and common impact on international law have been less explored. This book fills this gap in presenting an overview of how the development of RtoP and the ICC affect various branches of international law. The research shows that while the doctrine and the Court experienced significant implementation problems in their first decades of life, they nonetheless have the potential to contribute to the historical evolution of international law in combining their values of promoting international peace and protecting human rights. This interdisciplinary study will be useful for scholars of international law and international relations. It will also be beneficial to persons working for international organisations and for civil society organisations focused on the activity of the ICC and on the development of RtoP.

Introduction: Machines of peace -- Invention, interdependence, and the lag : conceptualizing international relations in the age of the machine -- Controlling scientific war : international air police and the reinvention of disarmament -- The shape of things to come : aviation, the League of Nations, and the transformation of world order -- Air power for a United Nations : the international air force during the Second World War -- Wings for peace : planning for the postwar internationalization of civil aviation -- A battle for atomic internationalism : United States and the international control of atomic energy -- A blessing in disguise : Britain and the international control of atomic energy -- Conclusion : science, technology, and internationalism into the Cold War and beyond.

Why do human beings fight one another? In this exhilarating and bracing book, we learn the common logic driving vainglorious monarchs, dictators, mobs, pilots, football hooligans, ancient peoples and fanatics. Distilling decades of economics, political science, psychology and real-world interventions, and through his time studying Columbia, Chicago, Liberia and Northern Ireland, Christopher Blattman lifts the lid on the underlying forces governing war and peace. Why did Russia attack Ukraine? Will China invade Taiwan and launch WWIII? And what can any of us do about it? 'Captivating and intelligent' Tim Harford 'Wise, intriguing, imaginative' Rory Stewart 'Nothing could be more relevant today than war and peace . . . an outstanding and original book on this topic' Martin Wolf, Financial Times 'Important, readable, radical' David Miliband 'A great storyteller with important insights for us all' Richard Thaler, co-author of Nudge 'Essential for understanding the world we live in today' James A. Robinson, co-author of Why Nations Fail

Klappentext: Im Sommer 2021 verließen die NATO-Truppen nach fast zwei Jahrzehnten Afghanistan. Am 15. August desselben Jahres übernahmen die Taliban die Macht. Seitdem wird über die Frage diskutiert, ob und inwiefern das internationale humanitäre, politische und militärische Engagement in Afghanistan gescheitert ist. Dieses Buch zieht Bilanz. Es versammelt Beiträge deutschsprachiger Sozial- und Rechtswissenschaftler:innen, die in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten über und in Afghanistan geforscht haben. Es stellt auf den Prüfstand, welches Wissen der Intervention zugrunde lag und welche Vorstellungen gegenwärtige Diskussionen über deren Scheitern prägen. Die Beiträge verdeutlichen, mit welch vielfältigen und oft widersprüchlichen Ansprüchen und Motivationen die Interventionsakteure agierten. Sie zeichnen nach, wie Afghaninnen und Afghanen die Entwicklungen erlebten. Und sie heben die Bedeutung der Afghanistan-Einsätze innerhalb der intervenierenden Gesellschaften hervor. So wird deutlich, dass die Frage nach der Bilanz vor allem eine Frage der Perspektive ist und das Vermächtnis der Intervention über deren militärisches Scheitern hinausgeht.

The Oxford Handbook of Peace History uniquely explores the distinctive dynamics of peacemaking across time and place, and analyzing how past and present societies have created diverse cultures of peace and applied strategies for peaceful change. The analysis draws upon the expertise of many well-respected and distinguished scholars from disciplines such as anthropology, economics, history, international relations, journalism, peace studies, sociology, and theology. This work is divided into six parts. The first three sections address the chronological sweep of peace history from the Ancient Egyptians to the present while the last three cover biographical profiles of peace advocates, key issues in peace history, and the future of peace history. A central theme throughout is that the quest for peace is far more than the absence of war or the pursuit of social justice ideals. Students and scholars, alike, will appreciate that this work examines the field of peace history from an international perspective and expands analysis beyond traditional Eurocentric frameworks. This volume also goes far beyond previously published handbooks and anthologies in answering what are the strengths and limits of peace history as a discipline, and what can it offer for the future. It also has the unique features of a state-of-the-field introduction with a detailed treatment of peace history historiography and a chapter written by a noted archivist in the field that provides a comprehensive list of peace research resources. It is a work ably suited applicable for classrooms and scholarly bookshelves.

The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 left its nearly 30,000 nuclear weapons spread over the territories of four newly sovereign states: Belarus, Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, and Ukraine. This collapse cast a shadow of profound ambiguity over the fate of the world's largest arsenal of the deadliest weapons ever created. In Inheriting the Bomb, Mariana Budjeryn reexamines the history of nuclear predicament caused by the Soviet collapse and the subsequent nuclear disarmament of the non-Russian Soviet successor states. Although Belarus and Kazakhstan renounced their claim to Soviet nuclear weapons, Ukraine proved to be a difficult case: with its demand for recognition as a lawful successor state of the USSR, a nuclear superpower, the country became a major proliferation concern. And yet by 1994, Ukraine had acceded to the Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) as a non-nuclear-weapon state and proceeded to transfer its nuclear warheads to Russia, which emerged as the sole nuclear successor of the USSR. How was this international proliferation crisis averted? Drawing on extensive archival research in the former Soviet Union and the United States, Budjeryn uncovers a fuller and more nuanced narrative of post-Soviet denuclearization. She reconstructs Ukraine's path to nuclear disarmament to understand how its leaders made sense of the nuclear armaments their country inherited. Among the various factors that contributed to Ukraine's nuclear renunciation, including diplomatic pressure from the United States and Russia and domestic economic woes, the NPT stands out as a salient force that provided an international framework for managing the Soviet nuclear collapse.

How and when should we end a war? What place should the pathways to a war's end have in war planning and decision-making? This volume treats the topic of ending war as part and parcel of how wars begin and how they are fought - a unique, complex problem, worthy of its own conversation. New essays by leading thinkers and practitioners in the fields of philosophical ethics, international relations, and military law reflect on the problem and show that it is imperative that we address not only the resolution of war, but how and if a war as waged can accommodate a future peace. The essays collectively solidify the topic and underline its centrality to the future of military ethics, strategy, and war.

Dieser Sammelband analysiert die Ursachen und Folgen des Ukrainekrieges und dabei im Besonderen die Rolle des Westens. Eine neue Entspannungspolitik, so die These, ist die zentrale Voraussetzung für einen Frieden in Europa und ein Ende des Konflikts in der Ukraine. Vertrauensbildende Maßnahmen und Verhandlungslösungen müssen ins Zentrum der politischen Debatte gerückt werden. Denn nur die Abkehr von einer Politik der Konfrontation, der Expansion und unversöhnlichen Rivalität kann einen großen Krieg und den Einsatz von Atomwaffen verhindern. Die internationalen Autoren, die dieser Band versammelt, zeigen die verheerenden Auswirkungen der bisherigen Politik auf und bieten interdisziplinäre und multiperspektivische Analysen der Konfrontationspolitik zwischen Russland und der NATO sowie Perspektiven für ein Europa in Frieden und Freiheit.

1 Introduction. Exploring Alternative Approaches to Peacebuilding - Cedric de Coning, Rui Saraiva, and Ako Muto -- 2 Adaptive Peacebuilding: Leveraging the Context-specific and Participatory Dimensions of Self-sustainable Peace - Cedric de Coning -- 3 How Can the UN Sustaining Peace Agenda Live Up to Its Potential? - Youssef Mahmoud -- 4 Experiencing Adaptive Actions Within a Complex Peacebuilding Framework: The Colombian Case - Lina Penagos -- 5 Adaptive Peacebuilding in Mozambique: Examples of Localized International Non-Governmental Organizations (L-INGOs) in a Complex and Uncertain Environment - Rui Saraiva -- 6 Temporary International Presence in Hebron (TIPH): Impartiality and an Adaptive Peacebuilding Approach in Structural Asymmetry - Ryoji Tateyama -- 7 The Challenges and Effects of Externally Driven and Locally Driven Peacebuilding Approaches in a Complex Context: A Case Study of the Syrian Conflict - Ako Muto -- 8 Accommodating Incomplete DDR, Security Sector Development, and Veterans' Issues to Peacebuilding Efforts: National Responses, Suco, and Local Security in Timor-Leste - Yukako Tanaka-Sakabe -- 9 China's Peacebuilding in South Sudan: "Top-down" Adaptation and Its Effectiveness - Miwa Hirono -- 10 The Role of Adaptive Peacebuilding in Japan's Assistance of the Mindanao Peace Process in the Philippines - Miyoko Taniguchi -- 11 Conclusions. What Have We Learned About Adaptive Peacebuilding from Comparing Determined-Design with Context-Specific Peacebuilding Experiences? - Cedric de Coning, Rui Saraiva, and Ako Muto.

In recent decades international and regional human rights norms have been increasingly applied to constitutional provisions, revealing significant tensions between primary political arrangements, such as power-sharing institutions, and human rights norms. This book argues that these tensions, generally framed as a peace versus justice dilemma, are built on an individualistic conception of justice that fails to account for the empirical reality in places characterized by ethnically based political exclusion and inequalities. By introducing the concept of 'Collective Equality' as a new theoretical basis for the law of peace, this timely book proposes a new approach for dealing with the tensions between peace-related arrangements and human rights norms. Through principled, pragmatic, and legal reasoning the book develops a new paradigm that captures more accurately what equality and human rights mean and require in the context of ethno-national conflicts, and provides potent guidance for advancing justice and peace in such places.

Analysing the potential that these new digital forms of international relations offer for the reform of peace praxis, this resource addresses the parallel limitations of digital technologies in terms of political emancipation related to subaltern claims, the risk of co-optation by historical and analogue power structures, institutions, and actors.