Suchergebnisse

Dem Artikel liegen Ergebnisse einer 1993 durchgeführten Erhebung bei rund 60 Unternehmen verschiedener Wirtschaftszweige in sechs europäischen Ländern zugrunde. Sie zeigen, daß sich neue Organisations- und Beschäftigungsformen herausbilden, die den Begriff "Arbeit", wie er sich seit dem 19. Jahrhundert entwickelte, radikal in Frage stellen. Vor allem verwischen sich die Grenzen des Unternehmens: es entstehen neue Konfigurationen, bei denen eher Partnerschaft als Arbeitnehmereigenschaft im Vordergrund steht. Die Betriebsstruktur entwickelt sich von der Pyramide zu einer Netzorganisation. Damit wird Arbeit im Hinblick auf Status, Arbeitszeit, Entlohnung auf sehr unterschiedliche Art organisiert, die mehr durch Wettbewerbsdruck als duch sozialrechtliche Vorschriften diktiert wird. Die Erwerbstätigen gewinnen also an Unabhängigkeit, was sie an sozialer Sicherheit verlieren. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob sie angemessen auf diesen Wechsel vom Arbeitnehmer zum Unternehmer vorbereitet sind. (IAB)

The new buzz is about 'frontier markets,' a motley collection of dynamic countries -- from Persian Gulf petrostates to mineral-rich African countries -- that promise rapid growth and low correlation to developed (and troubled) markets like the eurozone. But politics in these countries often matter as much as economics. Corruption, political instability, and weak-to-nonexistent regulatory infrastructure are common on the investment frontier. Then again, so are the jaw-dropping returns that have made these markets hot. In other words, these are the markets that have the potential to boom when everyone else is going bust -- even if they can blow up at a moment's notice. Adapted from the source document.

International Court of Justice — Jurisdiction — Compromis — Delimitation — Request to include agreement between Parties in operative part of Court's decision — Judicial function of Court — Definition of dispute — Whether lack of formalization of agreement relevant to existence of dispute — Whether recording agreement of Parties would be outside the judicial function of Court — Article 38(1) of Statute of the CourtTerritory — Boundaries — Demarcation — Boundaries between units of same colonial empire — Boundaries of former colonies — Uti possidetis — Organization of African Unity resolution on post-colonial boundaries — Whether to be equated with uti possidetis — Interpretation of colonial legislation regarding boundary — Burkina Faso and Niger — Relevance of map — Effectivités — Impact of boundary decision on population of border areaRivers — River boundary — Whether frontier located on bank of river or along median line — Access of population to water resourcesGeneral principles of international law — Principle of intangibility of boundaries inherited from colonization — Whether effectivités can be used to contradict a legal title — Equity — Role of equity in delimitation

370International Court of Justice — Chamber — Frontier dispute between Benin and Niger — Parties jointly submitting dispute to Chamber of Court by Special Agreement — Parties seeking definitive delimitation of whole boundary — Parties requesting Court to specify ownership of islands, in particular Lété Island — Boundary divided into two sectors — Determination of course of boundary in River Niger sector — Ownership of islands in River Niger, in particular Lété Island — Determination of course of boundary in River Mekrou sector — Article 2(a), (b) and (c) of Special Agreement — Applicable law — Rules and principles of international law — Article 38(1) of Statute of International Court of Justice — Principle of uti possidetis juris — Article 6 of Special AgreementTerritory — Sovereignty — Boundary between Benin and Niger — River Niger sector — Delimitation on basis of uti possidetis juris principle — Benin and Niger former colonies of French West Africa — Benin and Niger becoming independent on 1 and 3 August 1960 respectively — Determination of boundary inherited from French administration on 1 and 3 August 1960 — Critical date — French colonial law — Cartographic and other evidence — Relevance — Main navigable channel of River Niger at dates of independence — Colonial boundaries becoming international frontiers upon independence — Whether evidence of title on basis of colonial regulative or administrative acts — Legal relationship between effectivités and title — Effectivités — Determination of precise location of boundary line in main navigable channel of River Niger at dates of independence — Article 2(a) of Special AgreementTerritory — Sovereignty — Islands in River Niger sector — Island of Lété — Determination of boundary in River Niger — Consequent title to islands — Appearance or disappearance of islands — Whether determination of ownership of islands prejudicing private law rights — Article 2(b) of Special AgreementTerritory — Sovereignty — Boundary between Benin and Niger — Bridges — River Niger sector — Niger requesting determination of boundary on two bridges between Gaya and Malanville — Whether Chamber having jurisdiction to determine boundary on bridges — Whether any finding prejudicing joint ownership of bridges — Whether prejudicing arrangements regarding use and maintenance — Article 2(a) of Special Agreement371Territory — Sovereignty — Boundary between Benin and Niger — River Mekrou sector — Delimitation on basis of uti possidetis juris principle — Benin and Niger former colonies of French West Africa — Benin and Niger becoming independent on 1 and 3 August 1960 respectively — Critical date — Determination of boundary inherited from French administration on 1 and 3 August 1960 — Examination of legal titles — French colonial law — Cartographic and other evidence — Relevance — Interpretation and application of legal titles by colonial administrative authorities — Effectivités — Relevance — Exact location of boundary — Whether boundary following course of thalweg or median line of River Mekrou — Article 2(c) of Special AgreementState succession — Colonies — States in western Africa — Benin and Niger formerly part of French West Africa — Benin formerly colony of Dahomey — Governor-General of French West Africa having power to determine boundaries of colonies — Benin becoming independent on 1 August 1960 — Niger becoming independent on 3 August 1960 — Critical date — States succeeding to frontiers inherited from colonialism — Intangibility of frontiers — Principle of uti possidetis juris — Boundary between Benin and Niger on dates of independence

The Gold Frontier in South Africa. This paper uses the concept of commodity frontiers to compare the expansions and contractions of the South African gold frontier. Similarities and differences to its counterparts in the USA or Australia become visible in the South African gold frontier's rapid industrialization, massive exploitation of low-skilled workers and tremendous damage to the natural environment. In addition to these regional factors, the approach also shows to what extent the gold economy has its own specific functional interrelations. Finally, the study also demonstrates how global changes and local dynamics can interact in very different and sometimes unexpected ways. ; The Gold Frontier in South Africa. This paper uses the concept of commodity frontiers to compare the expansions and contractions of the South African gold frontier. Similarities and differences to its counterparts in the USA or Australia become visible in the South African gold frontier's rapid industrialization, massive exploitation of low-skilled workers and tremendous damage to the natural environment. In addition to these regional factors, the approach also shows to what extent the gold economy has its own specific functional interrelations. Finally, the study also demonstrates how global changes and local dynamics can interact in very different and sometimes unexpected ways.