The article gives an overview of the basic concepts of Game Theory, such as zero sum game and non-zero sum game for two players, von Neumann's mini-max theorem, Pareto optimum, simple and iterated Prisoner's dilemma, Evolutionary stable strategy. Game Theory is understood as an analytical tool dealing with situations of conflict and co-operation. One of the main ideas of the theory is that by reducing and simplifying complicated phenomena of our everyday world we can often find a simple game situation with a single or more solutions. The theory helps to search for solutions by constructing ideal types of situations that contain principal elements of rational choice. There is no claim that Game Theory is something completed and not problematic itself and yet it provides elegant logical tools for analysis of social, political and philosophical life.
The article gives an overview of the basic concepts of Game Theory, such as zero sum game and non-zero sum game for two players, von Neumann's mini-max theorem, Pareto optimum, simple and iterated Prisoner's dilemma, Evolutionary stable strategy. Game Theory is understood as an analytical tool dealing with situations of conflict and co-operation. One of the main ideas of the theory is that by reducing and simplifying complicated phenomena of our everyday world we can often find a simple game situation with a single or more solutions. The theory helps to search for solutions by constructing ideal types of situations that contain principal elements of rational choice. There is no claim that Game Theory is something completed and not problematic itself and yet it provides elegant logical tools for analysis of social, political and philosophical life.
The article gives an overview of the basic concepts of Game Theory, such as zero sum game and non-zero sum game for two players, von Neumann's mini-max theorem, Pareto optimum, simple and iterated Prisoner's dilemma, Evolutionary stable strategy. Game Theory is understood as an analytical tool dealing with situations of conflict and co-operation. One of the main ideas of the theory is that by reducing and simplifying complicated phenomena of our everyday world we can often find a simple game situation with a single or more solutions. The theory helps to search for solutions by constructing ideal types of situations that contain principal elements of rational choice. There is no claim that Game Theory is something completed and not problematic itself and yet it provides elegant logical tools for analysis of social, political and philosophical life.
The article gives an overview of the basic concepts of Game Theory, such as zero sum game and non-zero sum game for two players, von Neumann's mini-max theorem, Pareto optimum, simple and iterated Prisoner's dilemma, Evolutionary stable strategy. Game Theory is understood as an analytical tool dealing with situations of conflict and co-operation. One of the main ideas of the theory is that by reducing and simplifying complicated phenomena of our everyday world we can often find a simple game situation with a single or more solutions. The theory helps to search for solutions by constructing ideal types of situations that contain principal elements of rational choice. There is no claim that Game Theory is something completed and not problematic itself and yet it provides elegant logical tools for analysis of social, political and philosophical life.
The paper is devoted to analyze European Union and Turkey debates on human rights. Here the debates are perceived as the scene where both sides put their arguments, positions, values, express intensions. This helps to find out the main reason, why discussion on human rights between European Union and Turkey isn't as fluent as it could be. Debates are analyzed in so called "language games" perspective, which means, that all argumentation here is equated to the move making in the game theory. Going along game theory lines, here we make a presumption, that states as international actors are rational, but their identity and interests are not static. Taking into account ideas of Alexander Wendt, identity and interests are presupposed to be a product of mutual states interaction. Interaction in the paper by itself is supposed to be a game, where the biggest stress is put on rules – knowing the rules of the game, it's possible to understand state intentions and identity elements. In the paper main theme of human rights is parted into two sections that deal with freedom of speech and religious minorities rights. It is supposed that the first topic is debated between European Union and Turkey's Kemalist establishment, and the second – between Union and proislamic movements in Turkey. Such move is made because of the ambivalent Turkish identity. After the First World War established Turkish state, soon it turned into a radical modernization and westernization. This led to the partitioned state identity. Kemalist establishment stresses threat of radical Islamism and Kurdish separatism, and Islamists demand the same rights for Muslims as for all other religious minorities. For this reason Kemalist identity is based on four main principles: nationalism, secularism, state hegemony and modernization. Meanwhile, Islamists stress muslimhood as the core of their identity. In the first debate European Union criticizes Turkey because of sanctions for citizens while they are expressing non-violent opinion on such topics as Armenian genocide, Kurdish question and the legacy of Atatürk. Turkey (Kemalist establishment) gives it's own arguments referring to the aforementioned threats to the state, but these arguments are not taken into account by European Union. For this reason Kemalists assume, that European Union seeks to rebuild Kemalist identity of Turkey. The second debate deals with religious minorities' situation in Turkey. On the one hand, Europe always stresses problems, which face non-Muslim and non-Sunni religious minorities. One the other – Turkey's Islamists, while agreeing with such statements, seek to show problems of Sunni Muslim majority. This part of debate reveals how Muslim identity is excluded out of European human rights concept.
The paper is devoted to analyze European Union and Turkey debates on human rights. Here the debates are perceived as the scene where both sides put their arguments, positions, values, express intensions. This helps to find out the main reason, why discussion on human rights between European Union and Turkey isn't as fluent as it could be. Debates are analyzed in so called "language games" perspective, which means, that all argumentation here is equated to the move making in the game theory. Going along game theory lines, here we make a presumption, that states as international actors are rational, but their identity and interests are not static. Taking into account ideas of Alexander Wendt, identity and interests are presupposed to be a product of mutual states interaction. Interaction in the paper by itself is supposed to be a game, where the biggest stress is put on rules – knowing the rules of the game, it's possible to understand state intentions and identity elements. In the paper main theme of human rights is parted into two sections that deal with freedom of speech and religious minorities rights. It is supposed that the first topic is debated between European Union and Turkey's Kemalist establishment, and the second – between Union and proislamic movements in Turkey. Such move is made because of the ambivalent Turkish identity. After the First World War established Turkish state, soon it turned into a radical modernization and westernization. This led to the partitioned state identity. Kemalist establishment stresses threat of radical Islamism and Kurdish separatism, and Islamists demand the same rights for Muslims as for all other religious minorities. For this reason Kemalist identity is based on four main principles: nationalism, secularism, state hegemony and modernization. Meanwhile, Islamists stress muslimhood as the core of their identity. In the first debate European Union criticizes Turkey because of sanctions for citizens while they are expressing non-violent opinion on such topics as Armenian genocide, Kurdish question and the legacy of Atatürk. Turkey (Kemalist establishment) gives it's own arguments referring to the aforementioned threats to the state, but these arguments are not taken into account by European Union. For this reason Kemalists assume, that European Union seeks to rebuild Kemalist identity of Turkey. The second debate deals with religious minorities' situation in Turkey. On the one hand, Europe always stresses problems, which face non-Muslim and non-Sunni religious minorities. One the other – Turkey's Islamists, while agreeing with such statements, seek to show problems of Sunni Muslim majority. This part of debate reveals how Muslim identity is excluded out of European human rights concept.
Interoperability issues are widely discussed not only within business community, but more constantly between public administration representatives. An eGovernment Interoperability Framework (eGIF) is one way to achieve eGovernment interoperability. An eGIF is a set of standards and guidelines that a government uses to specify the preferred way that its agencies, citizens and partners interact with each other. eGIF includes: ". the basic technical specifications that all agencies relevant to the eGovernment strategy implementation should adopt". eGovernment Interoperability Frameworks appear as the governmental policy cornerstones for deploying joined-up information systems and providing one-stop services to citizens and businesses. Lack of interoperability is due to a number of factors. It may be due to policy reasons. Privacy, particularly as it relates to personal health information and national security, are good examples.
Interoperability issues are widely discussed not only within business community, but more constantly between public administration representatives. An eGovernment Interoperability Framework (eGIF) is one way to achieve eGovernment interoperability. An eGIF is a set of standards and guidelines that a government uses to specify the preferred way that its agencies, citizens and partners interact with each other. eGIF includes: ". the basic technical specifications that all agencies relevant to the eGovernment strategy implementation should adopt". eGovernment Interoperability Frameworks appear as the governmental policy cornerstones for deploying joined-up information systems and providing one-stop services to citizens and businesses. Lack of interoperability is due to a number of factors. It may be due to policy reasons. Privacy, particularly as it relates to personal health information and national security, are good examples.
Interoperability issues are widely discussed not only within business community, but more constantly between public administration representatives. An eGovernment Interoperability Framework (eGIF) is one way to achieve eGovernment interoperability. An eGIF is a set of standards and guidelines that a government uses to specify the preferred way that its agencies, citizens and partners interact with each other. eGIF includes: ". the basic technical specifications that all agencies relevant to the eGovernment strategy implementation should adopt". eGovernment Interoperability Frameworks appear as the governmental policy cornerstones for deploying joined-up information systems and providing one-stop services to citizens and businesses. Lack of interoperability is due to a number of factors. It may be due to policy reasons. Privacy, particularly as it relates to personal health information and national security, are good examples.
Interoperability issues are widely discussed not only within business community, but more constantly between public administration representatives. An eGovernment Interoperability Framework (eGIF) is one way to achieve eGovernment interoperability. An eGIF is a set of standards and guidelines that a government uses to specify the preferred way that its agencies, citizens and partners interact with each other. eGIF includes: ". the basic technical specifications that all agencies relevant to the eGovernment strategy implementation should adopt". eGovernment Interoperability Frameworks appear as the governmental policy cornerstones for deploying joined-up information systems and providing one-stop services to citizens and businesses. Lack of interoperability is due to a number of factors. It may be due to policy reasons. Privacy, particularly as it relates to personal health information and national security, are good examples.
This article sets forth the recoding of organizational decision premises during merger and acquisition processes. A multifunctional analysis was conducted for a Brazilian technology start-up that was acquired by a Brazilian market leader, a serial acquirer. The results suggest that mergers and acquisitions may fundamentally change the preferences organizations have for different function systems such as politics, economy, science, art, or sport. The article outlines the basic design of an innovative systems-theoretical approach⎯the multifunctional analysis⎯which combines key concepts of social systems theory and systemic structural constellations. Thus, the article opens up a new set of key variables for M&A research, particularly post-merger integration (PMI).
This article sets forth the recoding of organizational decision premises during merger and acquisition processes. A multifunctional analysis was conducted for a Brazilian technology start-up that was acquired by a Brazilian market leader, a serial acquirer. The results suggest that mergers and acquisitions may fundamentally change the preferences organizations have for different function systems such as politics, economy, science, art, or sport. The article outlines the basic design of an innovative systems-theoretical approach⎯the multifunctional analysis⎯which combines key concepts of social systems theory and systemic structural constellations. Thus, the article opens up a new set of key variables for M&A research, particularly post-merger integration (PMI).
The article presents the part of research results of sport metaphors that were obtained while analyzing the texts related to London Summer Opympic Games held in 2012. The research is financed by Research Council of Lithuania (The National Research programme "The State and the Nation: Heritage and Identity" project "Conceptual Metaphors in Public Discourse" (VAT-12002)), the head of the project Professor Habil. Dr. Aloyzas Gudavičius. In the present paper, the features of sport metaphorization that were revealed while analyzing the texts drawn from Internet Portal DELFI representing public discourse are analyzed. While analyzing the metaphors, reference was made to the key arguments postulated by the initiators of cognitive metaphor theories. Moreover, the attention was paid to the elaboration of this theory as well as the importance of linguistic expression of metaphor was emphasized. The following conceptual source domains were established: PERSON'S ACTIVITY, PERSON'S ORIENTATION IN SPACE, tHINGS (MATERIALS) and NATURE. Sport metaphorization is common because the constructs of source subconcept PERSON'S SOCIAL ACTIVITY (war, economics, education, theatre, card game,communication, rituals) and the knowledge related to this area are mostly ascribed metaphorically to sport. The most productive ways of sport area metaphorization are so called war and economics metaphors. Militaristic metaphors in sport discourse are inherent with the features of merged source concepts that are ascribed to sport (WAR and THING, WAR and NATURE, WAR and ANIMAL'S PHYSIOLOGY). The deliberate metaphors are mostly found in the texts related to basketball.
The article presents the part of research results of sport metaphors that were obtained while analyzing the texts related to London Summer Opympic Games held in 2012. The research is financed by Research Council of Lithuania (The National Research programme "The State and the Nation: Heritage and Identity" project "Conceptual Metaphors in Public Discourse" (VAT-12002)), the head of the project Professor Habil. Dr. Aloyzas Gudavičius. In the present paper, the features of sport metaphorization that were revealed while analyzing the texts drawn from Internet Portal DELFI representing public discourse are analyzed. While analyzing the metaphors, reference was made to the key arguments postulated by the initiators of cognitive metaphor theories. Moreover, the attention was paid to the elaboration of this theory as well as the importance of linguistic expression of metaphor was emphasized. The following conceptual source domains were established: PERSON'S ACTIVITY, PERSON'S ORIENTATION IN SPACE, tHINGS (MATERIALS) and NATURE. Sport metaphorization is common because the constructs of source subconcept PERSON'S SOCIAL ACTIVITY (war, economics, education, theatre, card game,communication, rituals) and the knowledge related to this area are mostly ascribed metaphorically to sport. The most productive ways of sport area metaphorization are so called war and economics metaphors. Militaristic metaphors in sport discourse are inherent with the features of merged source concepts that are ascribed to sport (WAR and THING, WAR and NATURE, WAR and ANIMAL'S PHYSIOLOGY). The deliberate metaphors are mostly found in the texts related to basketball.
