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"Gender, Identity, and the Security State" published on by Oxford University Press.

Issues arising from the measurement of gender identity on surveys have received scant attention from survey methodologists. We make use of three studies (two in the US and one in Mexico) to look at the effects of asking about gender identity on downstream measurements of political party affiliation. In all three studies, we show a significant impact of priming respondents to think about gender identity on expressed political identity. In two of the studies, we also find conditional effects based on the predispositions of respondents, and we find throughout that these effects are much stronger for men than for women.

In Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Discrimination Holning Lau offers an incisive review of the conceptual questions that arise as legal systems around the world grapple with whether and how to protect people against sexual orientation and gender identity discrimination. Readership: All interested in LGBT rights (i.e., SOGI rights). This audience ranges from students to seasoned LGBT rights experts who specialize in a particular country/region and are seeking to learn about other parts of the world.

The article regards the phenomenon of political communication from the perspective of the particularities of constructing gender identity by politicians. As far as the influence of the gender factor on politicians' speech is concerned, the most relevant approach among many others is the discourse approach formed within the paradigm of cognitive linguistics, which considers political discourse as the object of study. The paper deals with the notion of political discourse and examines a hypothesis that gender factor might have a number of manifestations in political communication. It is noted that studying the specificity of constructing gender identity by politicians in discursive practices is becoming a highly topical issue as the importance of female participation in public and political life is growing. Political decision-making has long been considered the prerogativeofmen, but now the necessity of studying the female factor in this sphere is obvious. The author dwells upon the historical background of linguistic gender studies and summarizes the main stages of their development focusing mainly on the theory of the social construction of gender. The founders of this theory advance the thesis that an individual's gender identity is shaped in the process of constructing gender relations in communicative interaction. Further in the article we analyse a few devices of creating the images of masculinity and femininity by famous English and American politicians. As structural components of gender identity, masculinity and femininity turn out to be modifiable parameters depending on the pragmatic attitudes of communicators. Traditional androcentrism of political discourse may account for modifying the female speech style towards masculinity to achieve certain communicative aims.

This paper reviews efforts to incorporate cultural considerations on sexual and gender identity disorders in DSM-IV. An initial literature review revealed very few sources that met the criteria of relevance for the DSM constructions of sexual and gender identity disorders. Cultural caveats were included in introductions to the sexual dysfunctions and paraphilias, but not for the gender identity disorders of DSM-IV. Discussion of the Culture and Diagnosis Work Group's suggestions for revision shows that: (i) we were more successful at getting culturally insensitive statements eliminated from preliminary drafts than in getting culturally sensitive statements included in the final document; and (ii) although cultural considerations were considered important, any challenge to the basic nosological assumptions that underlie the categories themselves went unheeded. The DSM-IV categories of sexual disorder are also taken to task for the inherent notion that while a culturally informed critique may be appropriate for some exotic societies it is irrelevant for our own and for a lack of sensitivity to gender issues that have been well articulated in the literature.