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"This is a unique collection of reviews of the significance of geochemistry in the earth sciences, with contributions from a range of internationally distinguished scientists. It deals with both the historical contribution (Part 1) and the current and likely future importance of the subject in dealing with key environmental issues (Part 2) The book is based on contributions given to the 2008 IGC session with same name: Provides the most comprehensive review of the scope and achievements of modern geochemistry in a form accessible to and affordable by students (advanced undergraduates and graduates) The contributors are all world leaders in their particular field Co-published with the IAGC - the worlds premiere learned society for the geochemistry community. The only affordable and single-volume overview of the entire subject."--Provided by publisher.

Assessing the physical, geographic, chemical, and geological aspects are important to understand environmental impacts as well as health concerns in view of building a more sustainable planet with circular economies that would last for the foreseeable future. In the recent years, the significance of incorporating ecosystem, anthropogenic activities, and climate has fortified from being an academic concern (e.g., WEF, 2011) into a broadly societal concern as the forecasted realities of environmental deterioration and global climate change come to pass, creating urgent public and environmental health issues. The degree and difficulty of these issues, especially within the broader narrative of a ballooning world population and unsustainable consumption patterns, need a harmonized, multidisciplinary, and global effort to increase public attentiveness, and also develop a reasonable response. Researchers, authorities, global managers, policy creators, international governments, stakeholders, and concerned citizens have become aware of the urgent need to address the profound and enduring challenges. In this context, nano-geoscience opens a new avenue to understand a wide range of environmental concerns. Markedly, the most important claims of nano-mineralogy are geared toward the ecologically benign effects of air quality, water, and soil

1 The scope -- 1.1 The questions -- 1.2 Experimental philosophy -- 1.3 Conclusions -- 2 The good experiment -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The conditions -- 2.3 What goes in: starting materials -- 2.4 Measurement imperfections -- 2.5 What comes out: analytical techniques -- 2.6 Conclusions -- 3 The machines -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Machines for "easy" conditions (atmospheric pressure) -- 3.3 Machines for near-surface hydrothermal conditions -- 3.4 Moderate pressure: crust-upper-mantle machines -- 3.5 Ultra-pressure machines -- 3.6 Machines for thermodynamic measurements -- 3.7 Conclusions -- 4 Metamorphic experiments on solid-solid reactions -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Reactions involving pure phases -- 4.3 Displaced equilibria and activity measurements -- 4.4 Displaced equilibria with two solid solutions -- 4.5 Coexisting solid solutions -- 4.6 Putting it all together -- 5 Metamorphic experiments on solid-fluid reactions -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Fluid generation and control -- 5.3 Devolatilization experiments -- 5.4 Mineral-fluid interactions -- 6 Just fluids -- 6.1 Objectives -- 6.2 Volumetric measurements: P-V-T -- 6.3 Speciation from solubility -- 6.4 Speciation from spectroscopy -- 6.5 Speciation from electrical conductivity -- 6.6 Conclusions -- 7 Igneous experiments on melts and crystals -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Atmospheric pressure experiments -- 7.3 Crustal magmas -- 7.4 Experiments at mantle pressures -- 7.5 Trace element behavior -- 7.6 Conclusions -- 8 Igneous experiments on melts and fluids -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Volatile solubilities in melts -- 8.3 Spectroscopic measurements and speciation methods -- 8.4 Distribution of elements between melts and fluids -- 8.5 Conclusions -- 9 Physical properties of Earth materials -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Viscosity of silicate melts -- 9.3 Diffusion -- 9.4 Crystal growth -- 9.5 Elastic properties -- 9.6 Conclusions -- A.1 Measuring temperature -- A.2 Measuring and generating pressure -- A.3 Controlling oxygen fugacity -- A.4 Materials -- A.5 Preparation of starting materials -- Bibliography/References.