This article discusses the Russian theorists' approach to information warfare, its applicability to regain the Soviet Union "lost territories". Reviewed is the juridical background to consolidate the electronic media in the hands of the Russian government. The process of elimination alternative political opinions in Russia is reviewed. Discussed are the thoughts of Russian information warfare theorists about the media used to collect the areas considered as their own. The ways how the media can create the imaginary reality are examined. Russia's state-controlled information space overcomes Russian boundaries and enters the global information space. The information war is not a very new phenomenon. The current military affairs have been led by information war activities. Protests against the former Ukrainian president Viktor Janukovich started in late 2013 and concluded in the open revolt and overthrow of the existing regime. Discontent with such events, Russia brutally intervened in the internal Ukrainian affairs, occupied and annexed the Crimean peninsula, then provoked mutiny in estern Ukrainian regions. The war broke out, and the Russian media have been exploited to legitimize Kremlin's and separatists actions.
This article discusses the Russian theorists' approach to information warfare, its applicability to regain the Soviet Union "lost territories". Reviewed is the juridical background to consolidate the electronic media in the hands of the Russian government. The process of elimination alternative political opinions in Russia is reviewed. Discussed are the thoughts of Russian information warfare theorists about the media used to collect the areas considered as their own. The ways how the media can create the imaginary reality are examined. Russia's state-controlled information space overcomes Russian boundaries and enters the global information space. The information war is not a very new phenomenon. The current military affairs have been led by information war activities. Protests against the former Ukrainian president Viktor Janukovich started in late 2013 and concluded in the open revolt and overthrow of the existing regime. Discontent with such events, Russia brutally intervened in the internal Ukrainian affairs, occupied and annexed the Crimean peninsula, then provoked mutiny in estern Ukrainian regions. The war broke out, and the Russian media have been exploited to legitimize Kremlin's and separatists actions.
This article discusses the Russian theorists' approach to information warfare, its applicability to regain the Soviet Union "lost territories". Reviewed is the juridical background to consolidate the electronic media in the hands of the Russian government. The process of elimination alternative political opinions in Russia is reviewed. Discussed are the thoughts of Russian information warfare theorists about the media used to collect the areas considered as their own. The ways how the media can create the imaginary reality are examined. Russia's state-controlled information space overcomes Russian boundaries and enters the global information space. The information war is not a very new phenomenon. The current military affairs have been led by information war activities. Protests against the former Ukrainian president Viktor Janukovich started in late 2013 and concluded in the open revolt and overthrow of the existing regime. Discontent with such events, Russia brutally intervened in the internal Ukrainian affairs, occupied and annexed the Crimean peninsula, then provoked mutiny in estern Ukrainian regions. The war broke out, and the Russian media have been exploited to legitimize Kremlin's and separatists actions.
This article discusses the Russian theorists' approach to information warfare, its applicability to regain the Soviet Union "lost territories". Reviewed is the juridical background to consolidate the electronic media in the hands of the Russian government. The process of elimination alternative political opinions in Russia is reviewed. Discussed are the thoughts of Russian information warfare theorists about the media used to collect the areas considered as their own. The ways how the media can create the imaginary reality are examined. Russia's state-controlled information space overcomes Russian boundaries and enters the global information space. The information war is not a very new phenomenon. The current military affairs have been led by information war activities. Protests against the former Ukrainian president Viktor Janukovich started in late 2013 and concluded in the open revolt and overthrow of the existing regime. Discontent with such events, Russia brutally intervened in the internal Ukrainian affairs, occupied and annexed the Crimean peninsula, then provoked mutiny in estern Ukrainian regions. The war broke out, and the Russian media have been exploited to legitimize Kremlin's and separatists actions.
Emphasizing that e. government is becoming one of the attributes of globalization and multilevel governance is influencing its development, the article analyses the initiatives of the European Union (EU), European Commission (EC) and the Division for Public Administration and Development Management of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, witch can be used for generalization of e. government development achievements and serve as a tool for its further development. The importance of the European Commission's strategic documents on information society development and periodically prepared studies on e. services in the European Union countries for e. government regional development is underlined. It is stated that the United Nations reports on e. government development are an effective tool for global coordination of this development and they can help governments of different countries to determine e. government development trends and to take into account the good practices of other countries.
Emphasizing that e. government is becoming one of the attributes of globalization and multilevel governance is influencing its development, the article analyses the initiatives of the European Union (EU), European Commission (EC) and the Division for Public Administration and Development Management of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, witch can be used for generalization of e. government development achievements and serve as a tool for its further development. The importance of the European Commission's strategic documents on information society development and periodically prepared studies on e. services in the European Union countries for e. government regional development is underlined. It is stated that the United Nations reports on e. government development are an effective tool for global coordination of this development and they can help governments of different countries to determine e. government development trends and to take into account the good practices of other countries.
Emphasizing that e. government is becoming one of the attributes of globalization and multilevel governance is influencing its development, the article analyses the initiatives of the European Union (EU), European Commission (EC) and the Division for Public Administration and Development Management of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, witch can be used for generalization of e. government development achievements and serve as a tool for its further development. The importance of the European Commission's strategic documents on information society development and periodically prepared studies on e. services in the European Union countries for e. government regional development is underlined. It is stated that the United Nations reports on e. government development are an effective tool for global coordination of this development and they can help governments of different countries to determine e. government development trends and to take into account the good practices of other countries.
Emphasizing that e. government is becoming one of the attributes of globalization and multilevel governance is influencing its development, the article analyses the initiatives of the European Union (EU), European Commission (EC) and the Division for Public Administration and Development Management of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, witch can be used for generalization of e. government development achievements and serve as a tool for its further development. The importance of the European Commission's strategic documents on information society development and periodically prepared studies on e. services in the European Union countries for e. government regional development is underlined. It is stated that the United Nations reports on e. government development are an effective tool for global coordination of this development and they can help governments of different countries to determine e. government development trends and to take into account the good practices of other countries.
The government acknowledges problem of emigration. There are more and more social initiatives encouraging the return of emigrants to the country's regions. However, the efficiency of implemented measures is not clear if expatriates are actually encouraged to return. Amid vast discussions about possibilities in Lithuania, it is not yet clear what are the tangible incentives for Lithuanians living abroad. The paper has investigated the Lithuanian policy on the involvement of the diaspora and improving the quality of life in the country's municipalities. Comparison of Lithuania, Ireland and Israel was performed. The possibilities and obstacles of Lithuanian municipalities to cooperate with the diaspora has been examined. An analysis of the policies of Utena, Širvintos, Tauragė and Panevėžys municipalities regarding the involvement of the diaspora and ensuring the quality of life in the country has been performed. Expatriate participation in the joint development of public services (co-production) in Lithuanian municipalities has been examined. Foreign community's contribution to the creation of municipal welfare has been reviewed. Possible directions for improving the participation of foreign Lithuanians in Lithuanian municipalities in the development of public services have been formulated. Recommendations are provided to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Association of Lithuanian Municipalities and Lithuanian municipalities. General theoretical and empirical research methods of social sciences are applied in the research. The analysis of the scientific literature and generalization of the situation has been performed. Primary and secondary data has been used for the empirical research. It was accompanied by semi-structured interviews with specialists and diaspora representatives. It was determined that state level policies such as empowerment, access to services, support, cooperation, recognition are applied to encourage expatriate involvement in country's life. However, the funding for diaspora projects is significantly less in comparison to other countries. The policy in Lithuania is being developed for a relatively short time, therefore continuity of work is needed. The project "Global Regions" created by the Association of Lithuanian Municipalities which aims to provide assistance in encouraging Lithuanian municipalities to cooperate with expatriates, has been assessed only as satisfactory. The launch of the "Global Regions" has been very effective but cooperation at municipality level has not been productive. The attitude of the local government towards cooperation with the diaspora of their country is very important. The research has proven work carried in Tauragė municipality with expatriates has brought tangible results.
The government acknowledges problem of emigration. There are more and more social initiatives encouraging the return of emigrants to the country's regions. However, the efficiency of implemented measures is not clear if expatriates are actually encouraged to return. Amid vast discussions about possibilities in Lithuania, it is not yet clear what are the tangible incentives for Lithuanians living abroad. The paper has investigated the Lithuanian policy on the involvement of the diaspora and improving the quality of life in the country's municipalities. Comparison of Lithuania, Ireland and Israel was performed. The possibilities and obstacles of Lithuanian municipalities to cooperate with the diaspora has been examined. An analysis of the policies of Utena, Širvintos, Tauragė and Panevėžys municipalities regarding the involvement of the diaspora and ensuring the quality of life in the country has been performed. Expatriate participation in the joint development of public services (co-production) in Lithuanian municipalities has been examined. Foreign community's contribution to the creation of municipal welfare has been reviewed. Possible directions for improving the participation of foreign Lithuanians in Lithuanian municipalities in the development of public services have been formulated. Recommendations are provided to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Association of Lithuanian Municipalities and Lithuanian municipalities. General theoretical and empirical research methods of social sciences are applied in the research. The analysis of the scientific literature and generalization of the situation has been performed. Primary and secondary data has been used for the empirical research. It was accompanied by semi-structured interviews with specialists and diaspora representatives. It was determined that state level policies such as empowerment, access to services, support, cooperation, recognition are applied to encourage expatriate involvement in country's life. However, the funding for diaspora projects is significantly less in comparison to other countries. The policy in Lithuania is being developed for a relatively short time, therefore continuity of work is needed. The project "Global Regions" created by the Association of Lithuanian Municipalities which aims to provide assistance in encouraging Lithuanian municipalities to cooperate with expatriates, has been assessed only as satisfactory. The launch of the "Global Regions" has been very effective but cooperation at municipality level has not been productive. The attitude of the local government towards cooperation with the diaspora of their country is very important. The research has proven work carried in Tauragė municipality with expatriates has brought tangible results.
Emphasizing that e. government is becoming one of the attributes of globalization and multilevel governance is influencing its development, the article analyses the initiatives of the European Union (EU), European Commission (EC) and the Division for Public Administration and Development Management of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, witch can be used for generalization of e. government development achievements and serve as a tool for its further development. The importance of the European Commission's strategic documents on information society development and periodically prepared studies on e. services in the European Union countries for e. government regional development is underlined. It is stated that the United Nations reports on e. government development are an effective tool for global coordination of this development and they can help governments of different countries to determine e. government development trends and to take into account the good practices of other countries. ; Šiame straipsnyje, akcentuojant, kad e. valdžia tampa vienu iš globalizacijos atributų ir jos plėtotės procesuose būdingas daugiasluoksnis valdymas, analizuojamos Europos Sąjungos (ES) Europos Komisijos (EK) ir Jungtinių Tautų (JT) Ekonomikos ir socialinių reikalų departamento iniciatyvos, padedančios apibendrinti e. valdžios plėtotės pasiekimus ir karu skatinančios jos raidą. Išryškinama, kad e. valdžios kūrimo regioniniam koordinavimui ES svarbūs EK parengti strateginiai informacinės visuomenės vystymo dokumentai ir periodiškai rengiamos e. paslaugų išvystymo vertinimo studijos, o JT leidžiamos e. valdžios įgyvendinimo JT valstybėse narėse studijos yra gera e. valdžios plėtojimo globalaus koordinavimo priemonė, padedanti valstybėms pasirinkti savo valstybės e. valdžios plėtotės kryptis, orientuojantis į geresnius pasiekimus turinčias valstybes.
Development cooperation policy is an integral part of foreign policy of EU, Lithuania and the whole world. It includes both - geographic and thematic development aid forms. Therefore the understanding of global challenges, knowledge and skills education, the partnership among various levels of decision-makers and NGOs in the development of development cooperation should be built. Participation is a mean to ensure that the interests of all groups would be taken into account and integrated in the decision - making process. Therefore it is important that the cooperation and participation of NGOs would be based on transparency and trust. This can ensure equal inclusion of institutions and society in the implementation of development cooperation. Lithuanian NGOs face funding, information, advocacy and a range of other issues which can be solved by a systematic approach to development cooperation. Today societies are affected by various challenges, which are conditioned by the social, economic changes, globalization, political conflicts and technological development. According to these issues it is necessary to analyze the reasons which lead to the gap between the objective partnership of institutions and organizations in Lithuanian development policy. The aim of the paper is to explore the possibilities of non-governmental organizations' representation and involvement issues in the implementation of Lithuanian development cooperation policy. To achieve the aim, following objectives were raised: to examine the concept of participation and its importance in public policy; to analyze the concept of non-governmental organizations and activities in the context of development; to analyze the EU and Lithuania's development cooperation policy; to analyze the opportunities of NGOs representation and causes of NGOs exclusion in the implementation of development policy of Lithuania. In order to achieve the goal, there were performed a qualitative study that involved a pre-designed interview questions. It was addressed to the representatives of Foreign affairs ministry of Lithuania, Lithuania's municipalities association, Platform of non-governmental development cooperation organizations and LITDEA member organizations. The study showed the lack of NGO participation in the development policy of Lithuania. It is needed to improve the legal framework, to create appropriate mechanisms for NGO involvement and to develop the awareness of the importance of development cooperation among citizens.
Development cooperation policy is an integral part of foreign policy of EU, Lithuania and the whole world. It includes both - geographic and thematic development aid forms. Therefore the understanding of global challenges, knowledge and skills education, the partnership among various levels of decision-makers and NGOs in the development of development cooperation should be built. Participation is a mean to ensure that the interests of all groups would be taken into account and integrated in the decision - making process. Therefore it is important that the cooperation and participation of NGOs would be based on transparency and trust. This can ensure equal inclusion of institutions and society in the implementation of development cooperation. Lithuanian NGOs face funding, information, advocacy and a range of other issues which can be solved by a systematic approach to development cooperation. Today societies are affected by various challenges, which are conditioned by the social, economic changes, globalization, political conflicts and technological development. According to these issues it is necessary to analyze the reasons which lead to the gap between the objective partnership of institutions and organizations in Lithuanian development policy. The aim of the paper is to explore the possibilities of non-governmental organizations' representation and involvement issues in the implementation of Lithuanian development cooperation policy. To achieve the aim, following objectives were raised: to examine the concept of participation and its importance in public policy; to analyze the concept of non-governmental organizations and activities in the context of development; to analyze the EU and Lithuania's development cooperation policy; to analyze the opportunities of NGOs representation and causes of NGOs exclusion in the implementation of development policy of Lithuania. In order to achieve the goal, there were performed a qualitative study that involved a pre-designed interview questions. It was addressed to the representatives of Foreign affairs ministry of Lithuania, Lithuania's municipalities association, Platform of non-governmental development cooperation organizations and LITDEA member organizations. The study showed the lack of NGO participation in the development policy of Lithuania. It is needed to improve the legal framework, to create appropriate mechanisms for NGO involvement and to develop the awareness of the importance of development cooperation among citizens.
Development cooperation policy is an integral part of foreign policy of EU, Lithuania and the whole world. It includes both - geographic and thematic development aid forms. Therefore the understanding of global challenges, knowledge and skills education, the partnership among various levels of decision-makers and NGOs in the development of development cooperation should be built. Participation is a mean to ensure that the interests of all groups would be taken into account and integrated in the decision - making process. Therefore it is important that the cooperation and participation of NGOs would be based on transparency and trust. This can ensure equal inclusion of institutions and society in the implementation of development cooperation. Lithuanian NGOs face funding, information, advocacy and a range of other issues which can be solved by a systematic approach to development cooperation. Today societies are affected by various challenges, which are conditioned by the social, economic changes, globalization, political conflicts and technological development. According to these issues it is necessary to analyze the reasons which lead to the gap between the objective partnership of institutions and organizations in Lithuanian development policy. The aim of the paper is to explore the possibilities of non-governmental organizations' representation and involvement issues in the implementation of Lithuanian development cooperation policy. To achieve the aim, following objectives were raised: to examine the concept of participation and its importance in public policy; to analyze the concept of non-governmental organizations and activities in the context of development; to analyze the EU and Lithuania's development cooperation policy; to analyze the opportunities of NGOs representation and causes of NGOs exclusion in the implementation of development policy of Lithuania. In order to achieve the goal, there were performed a qualitative study that involved a pre-designed interview questions. It was addressed to the representatives of Foreign affairs ministry of Lithuania, Lithuania's municipalities association, Platform of non-governmental development cooperation organizations and LITDEA member organizations. The study showed the lack of NGO participation in the development policy of Lithuania. It is needed to improve the legal framework, to create appropriate mechanisms for NGO involvement and to develop the awareness of the importance of development cooperation among citizens.
In 2004 Lithuania implemented its two most important foreign policy goals -- became the member of the European Union & NATO. However, the country will now have to assert its status & position in the Euroatlantic community of liberal democracies. Lithuania faces an arguably more complex agenda, which has no clear end-goals or deadlines. The security challenges are difficult to identify & predict. The global & European strategic environment is best characterized by an ever-growing uncertainty: the transatlantic relations continue to be tense, Russia, paradoxically, is balancing between perspective of disintegration & re-emerging as an expansionist imperial power, & the European Union is under- going one of the most severe internal crisis in decades. At the same time, the major schools of international relations theory disagree on what to make out of the current world politics. Rationalist, neorealist authors tend to give alarmist, apocalyptic accounts of the future of the nation states if they despise the iron logic of geopolitics, whereas reflectivist, constructivist authors argue that the world is "what we make of it," & thus, can be changed. These two visions of international relations inevitably lead to different policy implications. The paper consists of two parts. In the first part, the authors address the current state of affairs in the two schools of international relations: rationalism (neorealism) & reflectivism (constructivism). In the second part, the authors interchangeably explore & compare the policy options that can be derived from the two different worldviews. The article concludes that international politics for a small state are more complex than either of the schools would suggest. Although the nature of the world politics is increasingly postmodern, a lot of actors still live in a modern world of geopolitics. Lithuanian decision makers will therefore have to "play" in accordance with postmodern rules when possible, but to remember geopolitics if necessary. Grounding their view on theoretical synthesis of constructivist & realist approaches to foreign policy, The authors asserts, that Lithuania's Euroatlantism should overshadow all other interests & problems of the society. The membership in the EU will have far reaching & long term consequences on Lithuanian society -- the same cannot be said about membership in NATO, or relations with the US. Lithuania must internalize the EU as a part of its corporate identity -- Lithuania is a part of Europe's collective identity. Therefore, Lithuanian political elite should cease to consider Europe as an object of Lithuanian foreign policy, rather it should become conscious itself as a subject of European policy contributing to its formation. Adapted from the source document.