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The paper analyses a link between good governance and the country's capability to innovate. The institutional dimension of the national innovation system (NIS) allows to use the method of good governance as good practice: the country, building its capacity to absorb knowledge, activates all role players in the NIS. The role of public administration institutions is emphasizing in the processes of accessing, anchoring and diffusing knowledge, seeking to strengthen the country's economic and social welfare. During the research the idea that public administration institutions should actively employ the principles and techniques of the good governance idea was substantiated because their objective is to make impact on the NIS: through the formulation and implementation of national innovation, economic and social policy by creating favourable circumstances for the NIS players, developing their knowledge of absorptive capacity, strengthening regional, national and global knowledge networking, using more knowledge channels and partnership for innovations at the national level.

Globalization is a catch-all term used to describe a combination of trends and processes that link economies, societies and governments around the world. The underlying forces creating global interdependence are not new. However, events around the world have made larger, and more sudden, impacts on social organizations, economic performance and public policy that haven't been experienced before. The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential of public administration modernization regarding principles of New Public Management that is being influenced by the forces of politics globalization and by rise of supraterritorialy fact. Paper explores the concept of globalization, emphasize globalization of politics, and stress the influence of globalization on a state. Trends of public administration reforms, export of public administration models, regional specifics of public administration reforms, changes of national and international governance systems are examined in the paper as the consequence of public administration globalization. ; Straipsnyje analizuojama politinės globalizacijos samprata ir jos įtaka viešajam administravimui, apibrėžiamos regioninės viešojo administravimo modernizavimo galimybės ir tendencijos, parodomas nacionalinių ir tarptautinių valdymo mechanizmų pokyčių ryšys. Aptariamos galimos politinės ir administracinės veiklos sritys ir principai, kurių vystymas padėtų įveikti globalizacijos grėsmes, leistų išnaudoti teikiamas jos galimybes ir įgyvendinti globalios visuomenės keliamus tikslus.

The article analyzes the typology aspects of: network structures, which develop integration opportunities; network systems, models and types; networking processes and their efficiency, effectiveness, functional possibilities. The authors, based on the opportunities of interpretive methods and theoretical modeling, in the article seek to summarize the indicators of newly developed new public governance doctrine, in which public administration theorists distinguish different types of policy, management and economic networks systems, described as a network structures and networking. As important task, the authors of this article hold the necessity to disclose the positions of the various authors, analyzing the interactions between the networking participants' quantitative and qualitative dimensions, normative and standardized elements of state institutions, as decision making, conflict regulation, the development of networks and networking as a systematic processes and organization performance management. The particular attention the authors distinguish to the social relations, i.e. the organizational functioning and cultural aspects of social networking, and the categorization analysis of social capital (in the context of the networking process). The authors conclude that modern public governance, influenced by global changes, has a multidimensional nature and the characteristics of cross-sectoral interaction and development of network structure formation. A special factor of new public governance becomes the development of hybrid organizations. These factors are the priority dimensions of scientific academic debates. They are underlined in the fixation of new public governance indicators, management process of public sector organizations, establishing organizational culture, value orientations and behaviour standards. Networking as a form of public government, becomes increasingly important instrumentation in modern [.]

The article analyzes the typology aspects of: network structures, which develop integration opportunities; network systems, models and types; networking processes and their efficiency, effectiveness, functional possibilities. The authors, based on the opportunities of interpretive methods and theoretical modeling, in the article seek to summarize the indicators of newly developed new public governance doctrine, in which public administration theorists distinguish different types of policy, management and economic networks systems, described as a network structures and networking. As important task, the authors of this article hold the necessity to disclose the positions of the various authors, analyzing the interactions between the networking participants' quantitative and qualitative dimensions, normative and standardized elements of state institutions, as decision making, conflict regulation, the development of networks and networking as a systematic processes and organization performance management. The particular attention the authors distinguish to the social relations, i.e. the organizational functioning and cultural aspects of social networking, and the categorization analysis of social capital (in the context of the networking process). The authors conclude that modern public governance, influenced by global changes, has a multidimensional nature and the characteristics of cross-sectoral interaction and development of network structure formation. A special factor of new public governance becomes the development of hybrid organizations. These factors are the priority dimensions of scientific academic debates. They are underlined in the fixation of new public governance indicators, management process of public sector organizations, establishing organizational culture, value orientations and behaviour standards. Networking as a form of public government, becomes increasingly important instrumentation in modern [.]

The purpose of this article is to analyse theoretical-methodological aspects of preparing public organization for the implementation of transformational changes and improvement of organizational performance, establishing the preparing complexity in organization strategy directions. The process of preparing public organization for accepting a change includes many elements: analysis of internal and external environment, identification of different theoretic attitudes for improving organizational performance methodology, typology of changes and best modern governance practice cases. The main tasks of the study are to accentuate the impact features of global changes to public sector organization development and to identify the role of organizational culture and successful leadership ensuring the implementation of strategy tasks. The essential ingredients of preparing public organization to accept a change are the following: quality of global change analysis, identification of the need for modernization, reform and innovation, creation capabilities to improve performance management in all kinds and levels of governance structures. Additionally, preparing to accept a change requires development of new forms and levels of organizational leadership regulatory responsibilities, creation of new governance strategies and implementation of modern control methods. Public sector organizations in achieving the goals use network based strategies as a modern sophisticated form of strategic governance. The article describes preparing public organization to accept the change partly as the product of innovation installing in public governance. To understand the change typology and decomposition and its role in public governance modernization, from staff and all level organization managers requires to improve administration creativity, getting the abilities to install radical changes, avoiding risk and preparing new models for recovering change governance process. ; Straipsnyje analizuojamas viešųjų organizacijų veiklos tobulinimas XXI a. pradžioje yra tiesiogiai sietinas su valdymo kompleksiškumo įtvirtinimu valstybės institucinių sistemų funkcionavime. Itin svarbią vietą viešojo valdymo kompleksiškumo struktūroje užima institucinių, technologinių ir socialinių pokyčių valdymas, reikalaujantis iš viešojo sektoriaus organizacijų pasirengimo keisti tradicines viešojo valdymo vertybes, nusistovėjusias tradicijas, veiklos struktūrines-funkcines dimensijas. Globalios aplinkos sąlygos iš viešojo valdymo institucijų reikalauja radikalios organizacinių struktūrų transformacijos, itin plataus viešojo valdymo lygių ir rūšių lauko reformų. Straipsnyje, naudojant kompleksinio požiūrio į pokyčių valdymą instrumentines galimybes, taikant metaanalizės, sinektinį, teorinio modeliavimo, lyginamosios analizės, klasifikavimo, interpretacinius metodus, siekiama atskleisti strateginio valdymo, organizacinės kultūros, valdymo procesų kaitos modeliavimo lygmens reikšmę viešųjų organizacijų pasirengimo pokyčių valdymui elementams. Autoriaus pastangos yra sufokusuotos į viešųjų organizacijų veiklos kokybinių charakteristikų išskyrimą. Dominuojantis analizės vektorius yra vidinės ir išorinės organizacijų aplinkos skenavimo būtinumo išskyrimas, siekiant aiškiau identifikuoti veiksnius ir faktorius, nuo kurių priklauso organizacijų pasirengimo pokyčių valdymui kokybė, ir determinuojant indikatorius, būtinus vertinant pasirengimo pokyčių valdymui strategijas, programas, organizacinių sprendimų lygmenį bei organizacijų pasirengimo pokyčių valdymui modeliavimo kokybinius parametrus.

The methodology of public governance has only been analysed recently. The methodology of public governance consists of a collection of concepts, ideas, reforms, degrees and other problems of theory. The role of methodology is important in the field as applied, practical and interdisciplinary as public governance. The study analyses how public administration theory developed at the end of the twentieth and at the start of the twenty-first century. The article examines the theories of public sector practice, such as theories on public organization behaviour, public management, and public policy implementation in a global environment. Theories on bureaucratic politics seek to explain how the politics–administration dichotomy is transforming from the traditional theoretical framework to the new democratic systematic framework and to a new understanding of public governance democratization, which is central in today's organizational theory. The primary issue addressed in the article is the development of public administration and governance theory in the period of globalization and modernization, and changes in the definition of the role of theory in public governance. ; Straipsnyje analizuojama šiuolaikinio viešojo valdymo metodologijos galimybės tobulinant viešųjų institucijų veiklą, efektyvinant viešosios politikos ir viešųjų programų bei projektų įgyvendinimą. Daugiausia dėmesio yra skiriama bendrųjų sociologinių ir specifinių viešojo valdymo teorijų vietai ir vaidmeniui demokratizuojant viešąjį valdymą šiuolaikinėmis globalizacijos sąlygomis. Valdymo demokratizavimo metodologijos problema aptariama remiantis visuotinai viešojo valdymo teorijoje priimta nuostata, kad metodologija (Ch. E. Lindblom, J. E. Lane, J. Dewey, D. Easton ir kt.) suprantama kaip mokslinių tyrinėjimų srities tyrimo logika ir kaip organizacijų bei individų praktinės-intelektualinės veiklos logika.

In the evolution of public governance, the wide range of public governance changes and reforms require the consolidation of innovative ideology and practice. Therefore it is necessary to modify traditional governance values, to develop the options of incremental change models, to improve the functioning of social systems and subsystems, their activities and communication between them. In the modern era of globalization and development of information technology, many functions and processes are being implemented by using network systems. Networks are an essential structural form, which helps to seek the new knowledge, to exchange information and experiences, and networking ensures these processes and their results. Network and networking researches in recent decades have become important not only in informatics or economics, but also in other scientific fields such as political science, sociology and public administration. Innovative solutions, related to the development of networked forms in the governance of public sector organizations, become increasingly important in the evolution of new public governance doctrine. By the influence of networked forms of governance, the public sector becomes more decentralized, pluralistic and provides the opportunities to consolidate cooperation with non-governmental subjects. Networks are becoming an important alternative to hierarchy and control mechanisms. The problem of this research is the complexity of networking dimensional specification in the rapidly changing modern public governance. The purpose of the study is to identify the key concepts of networking constructions and practice opportunities in the environment of the public governance changes. The article analyzes the typology aspects of: network structures, which develop integration opportunities; network systems, models and types; networking processes and their efficiency, effectiveness, functional possibilities. The authors, based on the opportunities of interpretive methods and theoretical modeling, in the article seek to summarize the indicators of newly developed new public governance doctrine, in which public administration theorists distinguish different types of policy, management and economic networks systems, described as a network structures and networking. As important task, the authors of this article hold the necessity to disclose the positions of the various authors, analyzing the interactions between the networking participants' quantitative and qualitative dimensions, normative and standardized elements of state institutions, as decision making, conflict regulation, the development of networks and networking as a systematic processes and organization performance management. The particular attention the authors distinguish to the social relations, i.e. the organizational functioning and cultural aspects of social networking, and the categorization analysis of social capital (in the context of the networking process). The authors conclude that modern public governance, influenced by global changes, has a multidimensional nature and the characteristics of cross-sectoral interaction and development of network structure formation. A special factor of new public governance becomes the development of hybrid organizations. These factors are the priority dimensions of scientific academic debates. They are underlined in the fixation of new public governance indicators, management process of public sector organizations, establishing organizational culture, value orientations and behaviour standards. Networking as a form of public government, becomes increasingly important instrumentation in modern public government methodologies and practices. Networking qualitative characteristics depend on many factors: the preparation of organizations, the professionalism of supervisors, leaders and managers, the development of democratic governance trends, the interaction with stakeholders and associations. Important factor (especially in an official and centralized networking level) becomes the social and service networks and the political, administrative and legal regulation of networks performance, which establish the responsibility, functional purposes, the forms of informal networks in organizations, and the rules of performance. The successful and efficient functioning of networking is possible only if there are created network systems with the explicit dimensions of social networks and social performance systems. ; Straipsnyje, remiantis mokslinių šaltinių metaanalizės, mišrios analitinės sintezės, interpretacinio modeliavimo metodais, bandoma atskleisti esmines tinklaveikos, kaip šiuolaikinio viešojo valdymo etapo, tipologijos raiškos formas, tyrimo dėmesį sutelkiant į kompleksinį naujojo viešojo valdymo pobūdį, įvertinant tinklaveikos tyrimų metodologinį reikšmingumą, veiklos metodologiją traktuojant kaip viešųjų struktūrų tyrimo ir veiklos valdymo logiką. Straipsnio autoriai aptaria naujojo viešojo valdymo evoliucijos procesus, kai vis svarbesnė tampa valdymo pokyčių kokybė, į rezultatus nukreipta veiklos vadyba, inovacinių valdymo sprendimų rengimas ir įgyvendinimas.

The article highlights the education community, drawing the community as a strengthening of local government units; debate on the participation of community members in self-governance process. The article discusses the case study; exposing the local community (Kupiškis district) participation in political and cultural life of the community, directly to the (self) pulling into municipal development processes and public civil debate edge business development actualities positioning. Concerned members of the community competencies, activities and feel, the presentation of their region as a smart social space of the region, in support of a competitive advantage in the global market – i.e. community participation, the promotion of entrepreneurship in the region; the development of tourism, the use of existing natural, cultural and other resources.

Concept of governance of creative clusters as economic organization of creative society under the Smart specialization logic is new and fragmentally explored. Thesis presents the analysis of understanding of Smart specialization and proposes possible extensions, explores theoretical views of creative society and its features, analyzes the theory and development of clusters, features of creative clusters, proposes governance model of Lithuanian creative clusters under the Smart specialization conditions. Theoretical analysis has revealed, that Smart Specialization is non-linear, non-industrial, three-dimensional specialization, integrating different region-specific contexts into economically viable activities. Creative society is a postmodern society that is a contemporary understanding of the information and knowledge society concepts. Creative society is foundation of creative economy, specific to the geographical place it is located, based on the usage of technologies, organized in non-hierarchical form and opting for exclusivity. First part of empirical research was based on analysis of governance documents of European union regions with highest proportion of firms and jobs in the creative clusters and highest share of creative and cultural industries in the reginal economy. Second part of empirical research was bases on semi-structured interview with Lithuanian cluster management organizations of official creative clusters. Analysis of best European Union governance practices revealed, that the most important criteria in creative clusters governance are education and access to global markets. Analysis of Lithuanian creative clusters revealed, that they are relatively young, local and project-based organizations with limited connections to the knowledge institutions and mostly dependent on state support. Governance model of Lithuanian creative clusters was based on the logic of Smart specialization, which should be applied to identify and develop economically most suitable connection of creative society, creative economy and creative clusters.

Concept of governance of creative clusters as economic organization of creative society under the Smart specialization logic is new and fragmentally explored. Thesis presents the analysis of understanding of Smart specialization and proposes possible extensions, explores theoretical views of creative society and its features, analyzes the theory and development of clusters, features of creative clusters, proposes governance model of Lithuanian creative clusters under the Smart specialization conditions. Theoretical analysis has revealed, that Smart Specialization is non-linear, non-industrial, three-dimensional specialization, integrating different region-specific contexts into economically viable activities. Creative society is a postmodern society that is a contemporary understanding of the information and knowledge society concepts. Creative society is foundation of creative economy, specific to the geographical place it is located, based on the usage of technologies, organized in non-hierarchical form and opting for exclusivity. First part of empirical research was based on analysis of governance documents of European union regions with highest proportion of firms and jobs in the creative clusters and highest share of creative and cultural industries in the reginal economy. Second part of empirical research was bases on semi-structured interview with Lithuanian cluster management organizations of official creative clusters. Analysis of best European Union governance practices revealed, that the most important criteria in creative clusters governance are education and access to global markets. Analysis of Lithuanian creative clusters revealed, that they are relatively young, local and project-based organizations with limited connections to the knowledge institutions and mostly dependent on state support. Governance model of Lithuanian creative clusters was based on the logic of Smart specialization, which should be applied to identify and develop economically most suitable connection of creative society, creative economy and creative clusters.

Global coverage of individual competencies in knowledge society Saulė Gudauskaitė Summary Globalization is a suggestive term, which is often used in various contexts to describe a phenomenon of a field in world wide view. The term discusses the process of national economies integrated into global economy. First of all, globalization is characterized as a measure of internationalization. Competence means a complex action system, which takes in knowledge, knowledge abilities, strategies, as well as emotions and attitudes in effective governance of the competencies. Modern social life appeals not by traditions, but by changeable, creatable and renewed reflective knowledge. All social actions are analyzed all the time and modified when its needed by information and knowledge we get. There's a question, which knowledge is necessary in organization and which ones are even harmful? A competence is the ability to meet a complex demand successfully or carry out a complex activity or task. The problem is in defining and selecting key competencies, which draws into power relations, political decisions, national cultures or practical considerations. The relationship between the individual and society is dialectic and dynamic one as well as the content of a competence, which creates the most important value. The main questions in the article, which is part of doctoral thesis, are: what could I define as a competence, key competence for individual and how do employees evaluate their competencies in aspects of technology, novation, responsibility, life long learning and motivation?

Global coverage of individual competencies in knowledge society Saulė Gudauskaitė Summary Globalization is a suggestive term, which is often used in various contexts to describe a phenomenon of a field in world wide view. The term discusses the process of national economies integrated into global economy. First of all, globalization is characterized as a measure of internationalization. Competence means a complex action system, which takes in knowledge, knowledge abilities, strategies, as well as emotions and attitudes in effective governance of the competencies. Modern social life appeals not by traditions, but by changeable, creatable and renewed reflective knowledge. All social actions are analyzed all the time and modified when its needed by information and knowledge we get. There's a question, which knowledge is necessary in organization and which ones are even harmful? A competence is the ability to meet a complex demand successfully or carry out a complex activity or task. The problem is in defining and selecting key competencies, which draws into power relations, political decisions, national cultures or practical considerations. The relationship between the individual and society is dialectic and dynamic one as well as the content of a competence, which creates the most important value. The main questions in the article, which is part of doctoral thesis, are: what could I define as a competence, key competence for individual and how do employees evaluate their competencies in aspects of technology, novation, responsibility, life long learning and motivation?

Global coverage of individual competencies in knowledge society Saulė Gudauskaitė Summary Globalization is a suggestive term, which is often used in various contexts to describe a phenomenon of a field in world wide view. The term discusses the process of national economies integrated into global economy. First of all, globalization is characterized as a measure of internationalization. Competence means a complex action system, which takes in knowledge, knowledge abilities, strategies, as well as emotions and attitudes in effective governance of the competencies. Modern social life appeals not by traditions, but by changeable, creatable and renewed reflective knowledge. All social actions are analyzed all the time and modified when its needed by information and knowledge we get. There's a question, which knowledge is necessary in organization and which ones are even harmful? A competence is the ability to meet a complex demand successfully or carry out a complex activity or task. The problem is in defining and selecting key competencies, which draws into power relations, political decisions, national cultures or practical considerations. The relationship between the individual and society is dialectic and dynamic one as well as the content of a competence, which creates the most important value. The main questions in the article, which is part of doctoral thesis, are: what could I define as a competence, key competence for individual and how do employees evaluate their competencies in aspects of technology, novation, responsibility, life long learning and motivation?

Global coverage of individual competencies in knowledge society Saulė Gudauskaitė Summary Globalization is a suggestive term, which is often used in various contexts to describe a phenomenon of a field in world wide view. The term discusses the process of national economies integrated into global economy. First of all, globalization is characterized as a measure of internationalization. Competence means a complex action system, which takes in knowledge, knowledge abilities, strategies, as well as emotions and attitudes in effective governance of the competencies. Modern social life appeals not by traditions, but by changeable, creatable and renewed reflective knowledge. All social actions are analyzed all the time and modified when its needed by information and knowledge we get. There's a question, which knowledge is necessary in organization and which ones are even harmful? A competence is the ability to meet a complex demand successfully or carry out a complex activity or task. The problem is in defining and selecting key competencies, which draws into power relations, political decisions, national cultures or practical considerations. The relationship between the individual and society is dialectic and dynamic one as well as the content of a competence, which creates the most important value. The main questions in the article, which is part of doctoral thesis, are: what could I define as a competence, key competence for individual and how do employees evaluate their competencies in aspects of technology, novation, responsibility, life long learning and motivation?

The analysis of public governance modernization and reform shows that public governance reform for each region and country has universality and specific features. Reform trajectories can be divided, described and explained as the trajectories of development methodology, mechanisms and instruments of ongoing reforms. The author, based on the opportunities of meta-analysis, classification and theoretic modeling methods, in the article seeks to indicate the essence of the main factors, trajectories and problems in the process of construction and implementation of public governance reform and modernization in the first decade of the 21st century. The aim of the article is to discuss and to show methodological aspects of the content of public governance reform and the impact of global change in a period of public governance evolution from the paradigm of the New Public Management to the New Public Governance. The author pays particular attention to the necessity to analyze and to explain the positions of theoretical constructs and to analyze the complexity of public governance reforms, as the modernization of bureaucratic form of governance, problems of centralization and decentralization, the creation of new innovative forms of inter-sector partnership, cross-sector interaction and the development of networking, hybrid organization as the modern form of creation of public value. Finally, the identification of content and complexity of public governance reform can help to define the main tendencies and trajectories, seeking to improve the quality of reform processes. ; Teoriniai-metodologiniai viešojo valdymo analizės, šiuolaikinių modernaus valdymo kaitos, reformų ir pokyčių globaliame pasaulyje tyrimai yra itin svarbūs šiuolaikinių politinių, administracinių, socialinių procesų sąveikos ir ryšių tarp jų, integracinių procesų pažinimo, interpretavimo kontekste, kai atsiranda naujos ryšių ir sąveikos tarp valstybės ir visuomenės valdymo institucijų ir piliečių formos. Visa tai yra globalaus valdymo institucinių struktūrų, jų dinamikos, veiklos valdymo praktikos tobulinimo esminės indikacijos, nuo kurių priklauso naujojo viešojo valdymo vystymosi tendencijos, modernizavimo iššūkiai ir naujų, pažangesnių ir inovatyvesnių valdymo formų įsitvirtinimas, rengiant ir įgyvendinant valstybės strategines nuostatas ir kryptis, įvairių lygių viešąsias programas, sujungiant visų valstybės sektorių, valdymo formų, struktūrinių darinių išteklių galimybes. Daugiausia dėmesio straipsnyje skiriama modernaus viešojo valdymo reformų sampratos, jų klasifikavimo pagal įvairius indikatorius, vidinės ir išorinės organizacijų aplinkos faktorių poveikio, reformų procesų sėkmės prielaidų, trukdžių identifikavimui, viešojo valdymo reformų tendencijų prognostiniam eksplanavimui.