Suchergebnisse

La salud global es importante para cualquier enfermera en cualquier lugar del mundo. En este artículo detallamos por qué. Destacamos algunos problemas de salud importantes que enfrenta el mundo actualmente, estudiamos de qué manera se están abordando estos problemas y consideramos las repercusiones para la Enfermería. Describimos de qué manera las enfermeras están marcando la diferencia en los contextos problemáticos, la amplitud y complejidad del trabajo de Enfermería en todo el planeta y concluimos con una convocatoria para la acción. Las enfermeras pueden influenciar a los encargados de elaborar normas y a los políticos (además de pasar a desempeñar esos roles) y explicarles por qué las Metas de desarrollo sustentable no pueden alcanzarse sin fortalecer la Enfermería. En este Año Internacional de las Enfermeras y Parteras la ventana de las oportunidades está abierta, pero no será así por mucho tiempo. Tanto a nivel global como local, las enfermeras deben estar preparadas para aprovecharla. Les pedimos que se tomen de las manos y que se sumen a nosotros. ; Global health matters to every nurse everywhere. In this article we outline why. We highlight some important health issues confronting the world today; explore how these issues are being tackled; and consider the implications for nursing. We describe how nurses are making a difference in the challenging contexts, range and complexity of nursing work round the globe, and we conclude with a call to action. Nurses can influence, and become, policy-makers and politicians, and explain to them why the Sustainable Development Goals cannot be reached without strengthening nursing. In this International Year of the Nurse and Midwife, the window of opportunity is open, but it will not stay open for long. Nurses and midwives globally and locally must be ready to jump through it. We ask you to join hands, and join us. ; A saúde global importa para os enfermeiros do mundo todo. Neste artigo, descrevemos o motivo. Destacamos algumas questões de saúde importantes que o mundo está enfrentando atualmente; exploramos como essas questões estão sendo abordadas; e consideramos as implicações para a Enfermagem. Descrevemos como os enfermeiros estão fazendo a diferença nos contextos desafiadores, destacamos a extensão e a complexidade dos trabalhos dos enfermeiros ao redor do mundo, e concluímos com um apelo à ação. Os enfermeiros podem influenciar, e se tornarem, elaboradores de política e políticos, e explicar para eles o motivo pelo qual os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável não podem ser alcançados sem fortalecer a Enfermagem. Neste Ano Internacional da Enfermagem e da Obstetrícia, a janela de oportunidade está aberta, mas não ficará aberta por muito tempo. Os enfermeiros e as parteiras devem estar prontos para atravessar essa janela, tanto em nível global quanto local. Pedimos que vocês deem as mãos e juntem-se a nós.

We can approach globalization from the perspective of impacts or defects, abundance and wealth or poverty and misery, where the rich increase their fortune while the poor drown in their penuries. These are some thoughts that crossed the minds of students and teachers of the doctorate in nursing at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil, after reading the "Globalization, Poverty and Health" article, the critical analysis of the film "Encounter with Milton Santos or the Global World Seen from This Side" and the debate on the book "Globalization and Social Sciences". Globalization is a process of economic, social and cultural development that has bloomed in the past two or three decades and entails the strengthening of social relations that connect distant countries, fostering the rapid dissemination of local events that can be accessed by anyone around the world. However, many authors and organizations continue to criticize this process. Almost-irreversible inequalities have settled in developing countries, making us reflect on the extent to which economic, political, and cultural discrepancies among human beings are acceptable in the light of the ethical and moral concerns. How to cite this article: Alvim AL. Globalização no contexto da desigualdade social: como garantir a saúde global? Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(3): e810. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i3.810 ; Podemos discutir a globalização na ótica de seus efeitos ou defeitos, do ponto de vista da fartura e da riqueza ou da miséria e pobreza, onde o rico fortalece sua fortuna e o pobre afunda na sua penúria. Essas são algumas reflexões que emergiram após leitura do artigo "Globalização, pobreza e saúde", uma análise crítica do filme "Encontro com Milton Santos: o mundo global visto do lado de cá" e debate do livro "A globalização e as ciências sociais", com alunos e professores de doutorado em enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brasil. Globalização é um processo econômico, social e cultural que se estabeleceu nas últimas duas ou três décadas e diz respeito intensificação das relações sociais que unem países distantes, promovendo a rápida disseminação de eventos locais para todo o mundo. No entanto, este processo ainda é bastante criticado por autores e organizações. As desigualdades instaladas de forma quase irreversível nos países em desenvolvimento nos faz refletir sobre até que ponto é aceitável as discrepâncias econômicas, políticas e culturais entre seres humanos, levando em conta os aspectos éticos e morais. Como citar este artigo: Alvim AL. Globalização no contexto da desigualdade social: como garantir a saúde global? Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(3): e810. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i3.810 ; Podemos discutir sobre la globalización desde la óptica de sus efectos o defectos, desde el punto de vista de la abundancia y la riqueza o de la miseria y la pobreza, donde el rico aumenta su fortuna y el pobre se ahoga en sus penurias. Estas son algunas reflexiones que surgieron tras la lectura del artículo "Globalización, pobreza y salud", el análisis crítico de la película "Encuentro con Milton Santos: el mundo global visto desde este lado" y el debate sobre el libro "La globalización y las ciencias sociales", realizados entre alumnos y profesores del doctorado en enfermería de la Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brasil. La globalización es un proceso económico, social y cultural que se estableció en las últimas dos o tres décadas y que se refiere a la intensificación de las relaciones sociales que unen a países distantes, promoviendo la rápida divulgación de eventos locales al alcance de todo el mundo. Sin embargo, muchos autores y organizaciones aún son críticos de este proceso. Las desigualdades instaladas de forma casi irreversible en los países en desarrollo nos hace reflexionar sobre hasta qué punto son aceptables las discrepancias económicas, políticas y culturales entre seres humanos, a la luz de los aspectos éticos y morales. Como citar este artículo: Alvim AL. Globalização no contexto da desigualdade social: como garantir a saúde global? Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(3): e810. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i3.810

Mortality of children under-5 continues to be a global priority. In 2012, 6.6 million children under-5 died worldwide; more than half of these deaths are due to diseases that are preventable and treatable through simple, affordable interventions. In response to the United Nations' Millennium Development Goal (MDGs) which called, through MDG4,to "reduceby two thirds the under-5 child mortality, between 1990 and 2015", global organizations and many countries set targets and developed specific strategies to reduce child mortality and monitor progress.As a result, the number of deaths in children under-5 worldwide declined from 12.4 million in 1990 to 6.6 in 2012. Under-5 child mortality dropped in all regions of the world. However, two major challenges face the international community: The wide disparity in the risk of child death among countries, and the emerging role of neonatal death as a major component of child mortality. In order to continue the progress in reducing under-5 child mortality worldwide, current efforts must continue and new strategies need to be implemented to focus on preventing neonatal deaths as they start to represent a larger proportion of under-5 child deaths. In particular, further reduction in neonatal mortality will depend heavily on improving maternal health (MDG5).The world leaders continue to support the MDGs. In 2010, in a major push to accelerate progress on women's and children's health, a number of Heads of State and Government from developed and developing countries, along with the private sector, foundations, international organizations, civil society and research organizations, pledged over $40 billion in resources over the next five years.

DOI:10.1590/2179-8966/2021/61769ResumoQuais seriam os critérios para aferição do caráter desumano de atos praticados por governos contra a população civil durante uma pandemia? Para responder a esta pergunta, o presente ensaio, situado na interface entre o direito internacional penal e a saúde global, resgata um passado de práticas delituosas no campo sanitário para apontar, no presente, a determinação política e ideológica das respostas nacionais à Covid-19. A seguir, recorre ao pensamento de Hannah Arendt e Mireille Delmas-Marty para tratar do caráter evolutivo dos crimes contra a humanidade, como base para a análise de um caso paradigmático: a resposta brasileira à pandemia de Covid-19, cujas condutas governamentais são apresentadas à luz de elementos como contexto, actus reus e mens rea.Palavras-chave: Pandemia, Crimes contra a humanidade, Saúde global AbstractWhat are the criteria for assessing the inhumane character of acts committed by governments against the civilian population during a pandemic? To answer this question, this essay, situated at the interface between international criminal law and global health, recalls a past of criminal practices in the health field to point out, in the present, the political and ideological determinants of national responses to Covid-19. Next, it draws on the thought of Hannah Arendt and Mireille Delmas-Marty to address the evolving nature of crimes against humanity, as a basis for the analysis of a paradigmatic case: the Brazilian response to the Covid-19 pandemic, whose governmental conducts are presented in the light of elements such as context, actus reus and mens rea.Keywords: Pandemic, Crimes against humanity, Global health.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the sociodemographic profile and self-reported health conditions of asylum-seekers in Rio de Janeiro. METHODS A cross-sectional study of secondary data, collected from asylum claims forms completed in 2016 and 2017, at Cáritas Arquidiocesana do Rio de Janeiro (Cáritas-RJ). Descriptive analyses were performed and absolute and relative frequencies and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS Claims completed by 818 asylum-seekers from 49 different countries were identified, of whom 126 (20.3%) were stateless, 510 (62.7%) were male, 797 (97.4%) were adults, with a mean age of 30.5 years, 551 (73.5%) were single, 340 (44.1%) had higher education, and 27 (4.0%) were unemployed in their country of origin before coming to Brazil. Fear of persecution for political opinion, violation of human rights, and risk of torture stood out among the reasons stated for requesting asylum. To reach Brazil, 629 (80.5%) traveled only by plane. Regarding health conditions, 216 (29.0%) reported having some symptom, disease or health problem, the most frequent being pain, vision problems, infectious diseases (including HIV/AIDS), and hypertension. Only 15 individuals (2.2%) reported being in some medical or psychological treatment; 42 (6.0%) reported visual impairments, 14 (2.0%) reported physical impairments and 4 (0.6%) hearing impairments. CONCLUSIONS Unlike other countries, where forced migrants with a low level of education enter clandestinely by sea or land, asylum-seekers residing in Rio de Janeiro between 2016 and 2017 were mostly adults with higher education who migrated using air transport. They had primary care-sensitive health conditions that could be treated via access to public primary health care services. ; OBJETIVO Analisar o perfil sociodemográfico e as condições de saúde autorrelatadas por solicitantes de refúgio no Rio de Janeiro. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal de dados secundários, coletados de formulários de solicitação de refúgio preenchidos em 2016 e 2017, na Cáritas Arquidiocesana do Rio ...

The objective was to evaluate the perspectives of Brazilians regarding the experiences related to access to information about Covid-19 reported during the critical period of the pandemic in Brazil. A mixed, quanti-qualitative instrument was developed, constructed, and analyzed from an interdisciplinary framework in the field of bioethics. The 525 participants in the survey, which took place in June 2020, shared perspectives that indicate concern with access to qualified information, with the non-propagation of fake news and with the distrust of information coming from the federal government, in contrast to greater confidence in scientific sources, and municipal and state governments. Knowledge about how Brazilians related to information about Covid-19 is essential for preventive, educational and regulatory measures to be effective in the formulation of public health policies in a post-pandemic future. ; Objetivou-se avaliar as perspectivas de brasileiros quanto às experiências relacionadas ao acesso às informações sobre a Covid-19 relatadas durante o período crítico da pandemia no Brasil. Foi elaborado instrumento misto, quanti-qualitativo, construído e analisado com base em um marco interdisciplinar no campo da bioética. Os 525 participantes da pesquisa, ocorrida em junho de 2020, compartilharam perspectivas que indicam preocupação com o acesso a informações qualificadas, com a não propagação de fake news e com a desconfiança de informações advindas do governo federal, em contraponto à maior confiança em fontes científicas e de governos municipais e estaduais. O conhecimento sobre o modo como os brasileiros se relacionaram com informações a respeito da Covid-19 é fundamental para que medidas preventivas, educativas e regulatórias sejam efetivas na formulação de políticas públicas em saúde em um futuro pós-pandemia.

The full effectiveness of the right to health demands permanent efforts andconsiderable creativity from democratic societies, to face the enormous sanitary challengesimposed by global, national and local realities. At present, the world witnessesastonished the global dissemination of another lethal virus, the new coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2). Part of this perplexity lays on the perception that modern societiesdo not maintain appropriate legal instruments to confront, in a democratic, transparentand efficient manner, a pandemic of this magnitude. How to reconcile classicmeasures of control of epidemics, such as isolation, quarantine and compulsorydiagnosis and treatment, with the principles and rules of a Democratic State subjectto the rule of Law? ; A plena efetivação do direito à saúde exige das sociedades democráticas esforçospermanentes e bastante criatividade para enfrentar os enormes desafios sanitáriosimpostos pelas realidades global, nacionais e locais. Atualmente, o mundo assisteperplexo à disseminação em escala global de mais um vírus letal, o novo coronavírusSARS-CoV-2. Parte dessa perplexidade encontra-se justamente na percepção de queas sociedades modernas não possuem instrumentos jurídicos adequados para enfrentaruma pandemia dessa magnitude de forma democrática, transparente e eficaz. Comoconciliar medidas clássicas de controle de pandemias, tais como o isolamento, a quarentenae o diagnóstico e tratamento compulsórios, aos princípios e regras de um EstadoDemocrático de Direito?

Objetivo: identificar os eixos norteadores dos documentos que deram origem à campanha Nursing Now e relacionar as recomendações desses documentos aos objetivos da campanha. Método: pesquisa documental, realizada a partir de análise dos documentos que fomentaram a campanha Nursing Now. Os dados foram coletados entre março e abril de 2020, mediante formulário estruturado em background, escopo, desafios e potencialidades dos profissionais da saúde/enfermagem e recomendações para o futuro. Resultados: foram evidenciados os desafios e a imprescindibilidade de investimentos na força de trabalho em saúde e Enfermagem para o atingimento dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável. O Relatório da High Level Commission on Health Employment and Economic Growth apresenta recomendações importantes, também introduzidas no Triple Impact Report e nas Strategic Directions for Nursing and Midwifery, confluindo para os objetivos da Campanha Nursing Now, que estimulam um perfil de enfermeiro com competências técnicas, políticas, de liderança, envolvido na construção de políticas de saúde, cuja efetividade da prática seja evidenciada para toda a sociedade. Conclusão: conhecimento sobre a dinâmica dos fatores que convergiram para o desenvolvimento da campanha Nursing Now pode ser condição para alcançar seus objetivos. Depreendem-se, dessa realidade, evidências de que a saúde global não será garantida sem, antes, fortalecer a Enfermagem. ; Objective: to identify the guiding axes of the documents that grounded the Nursing Now campaign and relate the recommendations of these documents to the campaign goals. Method: documentary research, based on the analysis of the documents that promoted the Nursing Now campaign. The data were collected between March and April 2020, using a form structured into: background, scope, challenges and potentials of health/nursing professionals and recommendations for the future. Results: the challenges and the need for investments in the health and nursing workforce to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals were evidenced. The report of the High Level Commission on health Employment and Economic Growth presents important recommendations, also introduced in the Triple Impact Report and in the Strategic Directions for Nursing and Midwifery, converging to the goals of the Nursing Now campaign, stimulating a profile of nurses with technical, political and leadership skills, engaged in health policy-making, and the effectiveness of their practice is clear to the entire society. Conclusion: knowledge about the dynamics of the factors that converged to the development of the Nursing Now campaign may be a condition for achieving its goals. This reality reveals evidence that global health will not be ensured without strengthening Nursing first. ; Objetivo: identificar los ejes orientadores de los documentos que dieron origen a la campaña Nursing Now y relacionar las recomendaciones emanadas de esos documentos con los objetivos de la campaña. Método: investigación documental, desarrollada a partir del análisis de los documentos que fomentaron la campaña Nursing Now. Los datos fueron recogidos entre marzo y abril de 2020, mediante formulario estructurado en: background, alcance, retos y potencialidades de los profesionales sanitarios/enfermeros y recomendaciones para el futuro. Resultados: fueron evidenciados los desafíos y la importancia fundamental de inversiones en la fuerza de trabajo en salud y Enfermería para el logro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. El Informe de la High Level Commission on Health Employment and Economic Growth presenta recomendaciones importantes, también introducidas en el Triple Impact Report y en las Strategic Directions for Nursing and Midwifery in the Americas, confluyendo a los objetivos de la campaña Nursing Now, estimulando un perfil de enfermero con competencias técnicas, políticas, de liderazgo, involucrado en la construcción de políticas de salud, cuya efectividad de su práctica sea evidenciada para toda la sociedad. Conclusión: conocer la dinámica de los factores que convergieron hacia el desarrollo de la campaña Nursing Now puede ser una condición para alcanzar sus objetivos. Se deduce de esta realidad evidencias de que la salud global no será garantizada sin haber fortalecido la Enfermería.

The Nancy N. Boothe papers, 1980-2009 [bulk 1990-1997], are composed of articles, notes, reports and a wide variety of feminist publications. Much of the material documents the U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women, which Ms. Boothe attended as Executive Director of Atlanta's Feminist Women's Health Center. Artifacts, artwork and textiles relate to the conference and to other women's and health issues. ; Born in Battles Wharf, Alabama (1948), Nancy N. Boothe graduated from the University of South Alabama as a registered nurse (1971). She received a B.S. in nursing from the Medical College of Georgia (1976), and a master's degree in Counseling from Troy State University [Florida Region] (1981). Boothe served in the U.S. Nurse Corps in the U.S. and Korea (1970-1984), and worked as clinical director and consultant at a number of health facilities in Louisiana and Florida. She became Executive Director of the Atlanta Feminist Women's Health Center in 1994. In 1995, she attended the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China, where she taught the workshop, ""GYN Self-Help."" Boothe has served on the boards of All Women's Health Services in Portland and Eugene, Oregon; the Sexual Assault Center, Atlanta, Georgia; and the Jeanette Rankin Foundation, Athens, Georgia. She is also a member of the Feminist Majority Foundation's ""Women's Commission for Congressional Oversight"" and A.P.D. Citizen Review Panel.; Founded in California in 1971 by Carol Downer (1933-) and Lorraine Rothman (1932-2007), the Feminist Women's Health Center was established to empower women through self-knowledge, education and self-help groups. The Atlanta Feminist Women's Health Center was established in 1977. Its mission is to ""provide accessible, comprehensive gynecological healthcare to all who need it without judgment. As innovative healthcare leaders, [they] work collaboratively within [their] community and nationally to promote reproductive health, rights and justice. [They] advocate for wellness, uncensored health information and fair public policies by educating the larger community and empowering [their] clients to make their own decisions.""; The United Nations convened the Fourth World Conference on Women, September 4-15, 1995, in Beijing, China, with a Platform for Action that aimed at achieving greater equality and opportunity for women. Three previous World Conferences were held in Mexico City (International Women's Year, 1975), Copenhagen (1980) and Nairobi (1985). 189 governments and more than 5,000 representatives from 2,100 non-governmental organizations participated in the Beijing Conference. The principal themes were the advancement and empowerment of women in relation to women's human rights, women and poverty, women and decision-making, the girl-child, violence against women and other areas of concern. The resulting documents of the Conference are The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. The U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women manifested a global women's movement for change and has been called ""the Woodstock of the women's movement.""; The World Conference on Women was also accompanied by an informal meeting (August 30-September 8) of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). This NGO Forum on Women, Beijing '95, brought together thousands of women from around the world to exchange information and ideas, celebrate women's achievements and contributions and draw attention and develop solutions to discrimination facing women world-wide.

Objetivo: comprender, desde una perspectiva compleja, las conexiones establecidas entre las Orientaciones Estratégicas para el Fortalecimiento de la Enfermería y la Partería, delimitadas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud; discutir las implicaciones de estas estrategias para la inversión de recursos humanos en enfermería y partería, con miras al fortalecimiento de la capacidad técnica de salud para afrontar la demanda global de servicios de salud. Método: investigación documental, realizada con base en documentos oficiales de la OMS, de septiembre a octubre de 2019. Se llevó a cabo un análisis categorial y la interpretación de los datos se logró a partir del marco teórico de la Complejidad. Resultados: se definieron tres categorías interdependientes, a saber: desafíos para la capacitación de recursos humanos en enfermería y partería a fin de satisfacer las necesidades de la salud global; desafíos para el desarrollo del trabajo de los profesionales de enfermería y partería en diferentes contextos de actuación; desafíos para los gobiernos, las direcciones y los servicios de salud para fortalecer los recursos humanos en enfermería y partería. Conclusión: las orientaciones estratégicas corroboran la perspectiva compleja porque valoran la multidimensionalidad en los desafíos para la práctica profesional de enfermeros y obstetras. No obstante, estos desafíos también se hallan relacionados con factores contextuales, políticos y de liderazgo. ; Objetivo: compreender, a partir da perspectiva complexa, as conexões estabelecidas entre as Orientações Estratégicas para o Fortalecimento da Enfermagem e Obstetrícia, delimitadas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde; discutir as implicações dessas estratégias para o investimento de recursos humanos da enfermagem e obstetrícia, com vistas ao fortalecimento da capacidade técnica de saúde para o enfrentamento das demandas de saúde global. Método: pesquisa documental, realizada a partir de documentos oficiais da OMS, no período de setembro a outubro de 2019. Foi realizada técnica de análise categorial, sendo a interpretação dos dados alcançada a partir do referencial teórico da Complexidade. Resultados: foram delimitadas três categorias, interdependentes, a saber: desafios para a formação de recursos humanos em enfermagem e obstetrícia com vistas ao atendimento das necessidades para a saúde global; desafios para o desenvolvimento do trabalho dos profissionais de enfermagem e obstetrícia nos diferentes contextos de atuação; desafios para os governos, lideranças e serviços de saúde para o fortalecimento de recursos humanos em enfermagem e obstetrícia. Conclusão: as orientações estratégicas corroboram a perspectiva complexa porque valorizam a multidimensionalidade nos desafios para o exercício profissional de enfermeiros e obstetrizes. Todavia, esses desafios estão relacionados, também, aos fatores contextuais, políticos e de liderança. ; Objective: to understand from the complex perspective the connections established between the Strategic Directions for Strengthening Nursing and Midwifery, delimited by the World Health Organization; to discuss the implications of these strategies for the investment of human resources in nursing and midwifery, with a view to strengthening the technical health capacity to face global health demands. Method: a documentary research, carried out from official WHO documents, from September to October 2019. A categorical analysis technique was performed, and the interpretation of the data was achieved based on the theoretical framework of Complexity. Results: three interdependent categories were defined, namely: challenges for the training of human resources in nursing and midwifery in order to meet the needs for global health; challenges for the development of the work of nursing and midwifery professionals in different contexts of practice; challenges for governments, leaders and health services to strengthen human resources in nursing and midwifery. Conclusion: the strategic directions corroborate the complex perspective because they value multidimensionality in the challenges for the professional practice of nurses and obstetricians. However, these challenges are also related to contextual, political, and leadership factors.

Stem cell medicine promulgates a notion of regenerative health that is strikingly at odds with the notion of health found in pharmaceutical regimes of drug research. Hence, regenerative stem cell medicine presents one key site in struggles and strategies that seek to overcome the limitations of conventional drug therapies and their entrenched political economies of research and innovation. This paper analyzes an emerging politics of "post-pharmaceutical health" and their underlying logics of generating health and value in the global bioeconomy. This paper analyzes an emerging form of post-pharmaceutical health and its underlying regime of value in the global bioeconomy of regenerative stem cell-based medicine (RSCM). Animated by a vision to overcome drug-based therapies and their underlying political economies, RSCM pursues a form of regenerative health that is strikingly at odds with pharmaceutical regimes of drug research, regulation and therapy. To offer a theoretical account of these competing forms of health, the paper provides an analysis of the regimes of values that underpin pharmaceutical and regenerative health respectively. This analysis is done alongside three dimensions: the interlinkage between knowledge, technology and economic value creation; its relation to normative values and ethics; and conceptions and valuations of the biomedical subject and his/her body in biomedical research, intervention and innovation. Contrasting these two diverging regimes of health and value suggests that in RSCM the pharmaceutical logic of accumulating "surplus health" is not entirely dismissed but re-articulated in a regime based on the (re-)generation of regenerative biovalue through the extraction and ex vivo accumulation of "surplus vitality". Finally, the article discusses "post-pharmaceutical health" as a sensitizing concept that offers new research avenues into emergent forms of health, value, and subjectivity beyond RSCM.

O presente artigo discute a inserção do Brasil no mercado mundial de alumínio a partir dos referenciais teóricos da ecologia política, da economia política do território e da saúde coletiva. A conjuntura contemporânea da economia mundial tem sido pautada pela desregulamentação e liberalização, característicos do ideário neoliberal propalado pelas nações centrais. A maior participação do Brasil nesse mercado tem sido realizada a partir do aumento da produção e exportação de commodities agrárias e metálicas, como o alumínio. Nesse sentido, a partir dos paradigmas da ecologia política, o texto propõe uma análise das consequências socioambientais, assim como sobre novas territorialidades que se produzem e reproduzem dentro de uma lógica econômica que privilegia as nações centrais. Do mesmo modo, procura-se compreender os dilemas da saúde coletiva sob uma perspectiva holística e integradora na qual se articula aos modelos de desenvolvimento econômico. Percebe-se que a produção e exportação de alumínio primário, apesar de apresentar um valor agregado maior, esconde um conjunto difuso de impactos que afetam o ambiente e a saúde coletiva. ; This article discusses the inclusion of Brazil in the global aluminum market from the theoretical framework of political ecology, political economy of the territory and collective health. The contemporary situation of world economy has been marked by deregulation and liberalization, characteristic of neoliberal ideals touted by the core nations. Brazil's larger share in this market has been held from the increased production and export of agricultural commodities and metals, like aluminum. In this sense, from the paradigms of political ecology, the paper proposes an analysis of social and environmental consequences, as well as of new territoriality that is produced and reproduced within a logic that privileges the economic core nations. Similarly, we seek to understand the dilemmas of collective health in a holistic and integrative perspective in which economic development models are articulated. It is noticed that the production and export of primary aluminum, despite having a greater aggregate value, hides a diffuse set of impacts that affect the environment and public health.

At the margins of modern medical practice, pushing the very limits of science, and indefatigably rendering the precincts of public discourse, still functional remnants of Christian civilization continue to provide care for the hopeless, perform healing sacraments for the incurable, and curate objects of votive devotion for the suffering and needy. These public services go largely unaccounted for, though they secure an ordered world, structure perception, and serve as ontological anchors. Lost in the vague, scientifically unrarified notions of spirituality that brace a general, undifferentiated worldwide metaphysical experience and disregard immense cultural, functional, geographic and performative distinctness, Catholic sacramental practices aimed at alleviating suffering and promoting healthy lifestyles are receiving only marginal mention in scientific literature(1), despite the fact that they make up daily reality in large parts of contemporary Europe and Latin America. Writing this editorial from the Northeast of Brazil, where traditional religious practice has sustained generations through the calamities of severe droughts, slavery, extreme poverty, high child mortality, failed political orders, and a harsh global economic reality, it is difficult to underestimate the power of sacramental experience to sustain a cultural identity. It was defined the concept of care of the sick in the context of the religious experience of the Northeast of Brazil which is historically relevant to health promotion. Until the emergence of national health care in the late nineteenth century, it was largely the order of the Franciscan friars that was charged with promoting healthy lives in the region. The Catholic concept of care that guided their efforts structures three procedural reality principles: the psychological reality of the transference to the person in one's charge (care/caritas), the performative practice of religious sacrament such as the anointment of the sick or ex-voto devotionals, and the physical object ...

A exemplo das relações econômicas internacionais, a saúde segue o ritmo da mundialização. Fala-se, ao mesmo tempo, de uma economia da saúde globalizada e da internacionalização dos riscos sanitários. No entanto, os países desenvolvidos e aqueles em desenvolvimento não estão no mesmo nível em relação ao combate às doenças. Observa-se uma "fratura sanitária" simbolizada, por anos a fio, pela epidemia da AIDS nos países pobres. Enquanto o progresso científico oferece respostas a numerosas doenças, a maioria dos habitantes dos países do "Sul" não tem acesso regular a medicamentos. No centro das políticas de saúde pública, o medicamento vem se tornando mercadoria, em uma economia mundial focada na exploração do conhecimento, no caso a inovação farmacêutica. A falta de acesso a tratamentos pode ser analisada como resultado da exclusão dos países em desenvolvimento frente ao mercado de produtos farmacêuticos, causada tanto pela situação socioeconômica, quanto pela estrutura do mercado e pelas regras da OMC relativas à propriedade intelectual. ; As international economic relations, health field follows the steps of the globalization. People talks, at the same time, about a global health economy and the internationalization of health risks. However, the developed countries and those who are in development are not in the same level to fight against diseases. There is a "health break" for many years symbolized by AIDS epidemic in poor countries. While scientific progress provides answers to several diseases, most of the inhabitants of the "South " has no regular access to medicines. At the heart of public health policies, the drug is becoming a commodity in a global economy focused on the exploration of knowledge, particularly the pharmaceutical innovation. The lack of access to treatment can be analyzed as a result of the exclusion of developing countries facing the pharmaceutical market, caused by socioeconomic status, by the structure of the market and by WTO's intellectual property rules. ; À l'instar des relations économiques internationales, la santé vit au rythme de la mondialisation. Aussi parle-t-on d'une économie de la santé globalisée comme d'une internationalisation des risques sanitaires. Pourtant les pays développés et les pays en développement ne sont pas sur un pied d'égalité face au poids de la maladie. Le constat est celui d'une "fracture sanitaire", symbolisée depuis plusieurs décennies par le fléau du sida au sein des pays à faible revenu. Alors que les progrès scientifiques permettent de répondre à de nombreuses maladies, la majorité des habitants des pays du "Sud" n'a pas accès régulièrement aux médicaments. Au cœur des politiques de santé publique, le médicament est parallèlement devenu un objet de marché dans une économie mondiale centrée sur l'exploitation commerciale du savoir, en l'occurrence l'innovation pharmaceutique. Le manque d'accès aux traitements peut alors s'analyser comme le résultat d'une exclusion des pays en développement vis-à-vis du marché des produits pharmaceutiques, causée tant par leur situation socio-économique que par la structure du marché et les règles de l'OMC relatives à la propriété intellectuelle.