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The article presents the influence of globalisation on identity and the question of individualisation. Globalisation implies multiple processes that are not uniform, as they occur at different times and in different places. Globalisation impacts the youth, families and cultural systems. The processes of globalisation may contribute to the loss of cultural identity. The diverse nature of globalisation has given rise to new identities. Identity is defined as a process of internal and external adjustment. Concurrently, the challenges posed by globalisation are presented, for instance: identity and freedom of individualisation versus community and belonging. The author explores some of the new challenges and trends, presenting them from selected theoretical perspectives.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to explain why the Euro­pean Union perceives globalisation as the challenge for its regional development and how this assumption influences on regional development management. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The research problem concerns the issue of globalisation as the process which is estimated by the EU as the opportunity and challenge for its regional development at the same time. As a result the EU develops multi-level political system in which, along sovereign states, there are transnational and subnational political actors which have been engaged in regional development management. The research methods used in the study consist of an institutional and legal analysis of the major policy docu­ments, actors and regional development management instruments that they use. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The introduction presents the principal methodological assumptions concerning the analysed research area, the applied conceptual approach and the research methods. The main body of the article discusses why the European Union perceives globalisation as the challenge and opportunity for regions' competitiveness. RESEARCH RESULTS: The analysis shows that the scope of competences of the EU with regard to regional development management was laid out in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union; however, the globalisa­tion affects the formulation of strategic directions of EU actions in this area and implementation of relevant interventions of the European Regional Development Fund and European Social Fund. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: In accordance to the European Commission globalisation creates conditions and challenges in the scope of regions' economic development. In order to prepare the regions for global competitiveness in the EU, authority is spread among different decision making and implementing levels which have the sources and knowledge required in the process of increasing regions' competitiveness. ; Celem artykułu jest ananliza wpływu procesów globalizacji na zarządzanie rozwojem regionalnym w Unii Europejskiej, w kontekście wzrostu konkurencyjności unijnych regionów w gospodarce globalnej. Problem badawczy odnosi się do określenia zakresu kompetencji odnoszących się do zarządzania rozwojem regionalnym implementowanych na rzecz poprawy ich pozycji konkurencyjnej w gospodarce globalnej. W tym kontekście omówiony został proces umacniania się wielopoziomowego charakteru systemu politycznego UE, w którym obok suwerennych państw, funkcjonują ponadnarodowi i subnarodowi aktorzy polityczni. Wykorzystane metody badawcze obejmują analizę instytucjonalno-prawną, odnoszącą się do głównych aktorów polityki oraz instrumentów zarządzania rozwojem regionalnym przez nich stosowanych, a także ustalenia zawarte w najnowszej literaturze przedmiotu. We wstępie przedstawione zostały jego główne założenia metodologiczne obejmujące analizowany obszar badawczy, wykorzystane podejście koncepcyjne i metody badawcze. W dalszej, zasadniczej części tekstu omówione zostały uwarunkowania kształtowania konkurencyjności regionów w gospodarce globalnej oraz wskazany zakres kompetencji i instrumenty stosowane przez UE na rzecz wzrostu konkurencyjności regionów, z odniesieniem do roli samych regionów w powyższym procesie. Wyniki analizy wskazują, że zakres kompetencji UE w obszarze zarządzania rozwojem regionalnym został określony w Traktacie o Funkcjonowaniu UE, natomiast presja globalnej konkurencyjności ma wpływ na formułowanie strategicznych kierunków działań UE w tym zakresie i podporządkowanie im interwencji Europejski Fundusz Rozowju Regionalnego i Europejski Fundusz Społeczny. Globalizacja kreuje uwarunkowania i wyzwania w zakresie rozwoju gospodarczego regionów. Efektem jej oddziaływania jest redefinicja roli poszczególnych aktorów politycznych w procesach zarządzania rozwojem.

Guaranteeing the availability of European labour markets constituted a very important element of the Polish foreign policy during the negotiation of conditions under which Poland would become a member of the European Union. At the time of the Polish accession, Poles as citizens of United Europe gained the right to take up legal work in other Member States. This opportunity was taken by Polish young people – "thirdgeneration emigrants" tempted by better earnings and prospects for the future. The proposed text is an attempt to capture migrants' reality in the context of adaptative difficulties experienced by migrants with regard to globalisation-related transformations and the construct of a global teenager. The research results were obtained from two research projects carried out: (1) a research project carried out under the promotional grant in the years 2008-2012 (National Center for Science in Krakow – NN 106 348 140 (grant manager: Prof. Magdalena Piorunek, PhD) under the title: 'Polish emigration and reemigration as an experience. Sociological and pedagogical aspect', the results of which have been published in: Kozielska J., (2014) Post-accession migration. The theoretical and empirical context. Social support. The research sample in the quantitative analysis consisted of 174 persons who emigrated for at least one year and stayed in Poland for at least 6 months from the time of their return to the time of the research. The sample was targeted, and the target group consisted of return emigrants who emigrated during the pre-accession period and decided to stay in a European state rather than a "traditional" country of migration like the United States of America. The quantitative research was supplemented with a qualitative analysis of texts derived from hermeneutic methods, which included online forums (created by and for emigrants, both those who are still abroad and those who are planning to return or have already returned to Poland) and blogs containing fragments of emigrants' biographies; (2) a research project carried out in London and Scotland under the POSTDOC scholarship of the Adam Mickiewicz University "Unique Graduate = Opportunities. An increase in the didactic potential of the Adam Mickiewicz University through proinnovative education in English, interdisciplinariness, e-learning, investment in human resources" under the title: 'Transnational biographical counselling. A paradigm of qualitative research. An in-depth interview – 15 families with children (aged between 3 and 13 years) (2015-2017)'.

Procesy globalizacyjne, szczególnie nasilone na przełomie XX i XXI wieku, mające głównie charakter gospodarczy i kulturowy, wywierały i wywierają istotny wpływ na funkcjonowanie państw demokratycznych, w tym także na władze lokalne, co wiąże się z dynamicznie zachodzącymi zmianami w ich otoczeniu. Załamanie się modelu państwa opiekuńczego postawiło przed samorządem terytorialnym w Europie nowe wyzwania. W praktyce w wielu państwach europejskich oznaczało to podjęcie reform zmierzających do dewolucji państwa, której osią jest upodmiotowienie społeczności terytorialnych. Głównym efektem globalizacji w obszarze europejskiego samorządu terytorialnego, obok reform struktury przestrzennej oraz zmian instytucjonalnych, jest poszukiwanie adekwatnych systemów zarządzania administracją publiczną, co zawiera się w dwóch procesach: urynkowieniu działalności publicznej oraz dążeniu do jej uspołecznienia. ; Globalization processes, primarily of an economic and cultural nature, particularly intensified at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries exerting considerable influence on the operations of democratic states, including local governments, which was the outcome of dynamic changes in their environments. The collapse of the caring state model has posed new challenges to local governments in Europe. In practice, it meant the implementation of reforms aimed at the devolution of the state along the axis of the empowerment of local communities. The primary outcome of globalization in the area of European local government involves reformed spatial structure, institutional changes and searching for adequate management systems for public administration, taking the form of two processes, namely the commercialization of public activities and seeking to socialize this type of activity.

Globalization processes, primarily of an economic and cultural nature ,particularly intensified at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries exerting considerable influence on the operations of democratic states, including local governments, which was the outcome of dynamic changes in their environments. The collapse of the caring state model has posed new challenges to local governments in Europe. In practice, it meant the implementation of reforms aimed at the devolution of the state along the axis of the empowerment of local communities. The primary outcome of globalization in the area of European local government involves reformed spatial structure, institutional changes and searching for adequate management systems for public administration, taking the form of two processes, namely the commercialization of public activities and seeking to socialize this type of activity. ; Procesy globalizacyjne, szczególnie nasilone na przełomie XX i XXI wieku, mające głównie charakter gospodarczy i kulturowy, wywierały i wywierają istotny wpływ na funkcjonowanie państw demokratycznych, w tym także na władze lokalne, co wiąże się z dynamicznie zachodzącymi zmianami w ich otoczeniu. Załamanie się modelu państwa opiekuńczego postawiło przed samorządem terytorialnym w Europie nowe wyzwania. W praktyce w wielu państwach europejskich oznaczało to podjęcie reform zmierzających do dewolucji państwa, której osią jest upodmiotowienie społeczności terytorialnych. Głównym efektem globalizacji w obszarze europejskiego samorządu terytorialnego, obok reform struktury przestrzennej oraz zmian instytucjonalnych, jest poszukiwanie adekwatnych systemów zarządzania administracją publiczną, co zawiera się w dwóch procesach: urynkowieniu działalności publicznej oraz dążeniu do jej uspołecznienia.

The premise of this text is to analyze by means of selected examples the issues related to the broad definition of security, and modern and developing terrorist migration. Moreover, the aim of this paper is to approach the subject in question from the perspective of the current legal state by means of the formal and dogmatic method, but also by means of the method of criticism and analysis of the literature, which will allow a full understanding of the shape, functioning and causes of errors of modern security bodies. The above will influence the formulation of de lege ferenda postulates in the conclusion. The European Union is based on solid foundations. So how does globalisation, in its broadest sense, affect the world around us and the elementary values of the modern world? Modern terrorism, which strikes at the security of developed countries, is undoubtedly a global phenomenon that also sows fear for normal existence in one's own country. Unrestricted, cross-border terrorist activity is leading to intra-community division. This is the result of internal conflicts over common values. The surveillance and detection of migrants from outside the European community who are criminals is becoming a more difficult task with time. This is due to the fact that terrorist organisations operate according to a well-defined plan, creating extensive networks and recruiting new members for their groups in many countries simultaneously. The fight against terrorism is being waged on Europe's streets and in the homes and schools of its citizens. The struggle for security begins at the borders of European countries. What is crucial in this fight is the latest equipment and cooperation between security bodies, including the special services of all the countries of the European Union and NATO. It is essential to introduce appropriate legislation to limit the free movement of people who commit crimes and to develop methods to distinguish terrorists from economic migrants or refugees. The state must guarantee the security of its citizens and combat terrorism effectively. ; The premise of this text is to analyze by means of selected examples the issues related to the broad definition of security, and modern and developing terrorist migration. Moreover, the aim of this paper is to approach the subject in question from the perspective of the current legal state by means of the formal and dogmatic method, but also by means of the method of criticism and analysis of the literature, which will allow a full understanding of the shape, functioning and causes of errors of modern security bodies. The above will influence the formulation of de lege ferenda postulates in the conclusion. The European Union is based on solid foundations. So how does globalisation, in its broadest sense, affect the world around us and the elementary values of the modern world? Modern terrorism, which strikes at the security of developed countries, is undoubtedly a global phenomenon that also sows fear for normal existence in one's own country. Unrestricted, cross-border terrorist activity is leading to intra-community division. This is the result of internal conflicts over common values. The surveillance and detection of migrants from outside the European community who are criminals is becoming a more difficult task with time. This is due to the fact that terrorist organisations operate according to a well-defined plan, creating extensive networks and recruiting new members for their groups in many countries simultaneously. The fight against terrorism is being waged on Europe's streets and in the homes and schools of its citizens. The struggle for security begins at the borders of European countries. What is crucial in this fight is the latest equipment and cooperation between security bodies, including the special services of all the countries of the European Union and NATO. It is essential to introduce appropriate legislation to limit the free movement of people who commit crimes and to develop methods to distinguish terrorists from economic migrants or refugees. The state must guarantee the security of its citizens and combat terrorism effectively.

The main aim of the article was the presentation of the tendencies of economic relations development of the European Union with the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China in the conditions of globalisation. The success of the Russian political leaders in their bilateral relations with the European Union show how important, in the mutual is approaching, are the rules and effectiveness of the international system built up in the past sixty years. An objective interest of the transatlantic community is therefore to the west, for safe and prosperous Russia, was idealistic and at the same time realistic. At the same time as it is also important, that Russia and not Africa whether the Middle East, is for Europe force, with the strategic nature. In the long term, to the european economy effectively and permanently follow in globalisation processes and that term was competitive with, Russia and China must first become innovative economy. In terms of prospective it should be emphasised that the best hope for the peaceful development of the international cooperation offers the most important actors contemporary on the world stage. ; The main aim of the article was the presentation of the tendencies of economic relations development of the European Union with the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China in the conditions of globalisation. The success of the Russian political leaders in their bilateral relations with the European Union show how important, in the mutual is approaching, are the rules and effectiveness of the international system built up in the past sixty years. An objective interest of the transatlantic community is therefore to the west, for safe and prosperous Russia, was idealistic and at the same time realistic. At the same time as it is also important, that Russia and not Africa whether the Middle East, is for Europe force, with the strategic nature. In the long term, to the european economy effectively and permanently follow in globalisation processes and that term was competitive with, Russia and China must first become innovative economy. In terms of prospective it should be emphasised that the best hope for the peaceful development of the international cooperation offers the most important actors contemporary on the world stage.

The main threat to the economic development of Poland is the danger of overlapping of two processes – the decline in the growth of the working age population and the outflow of young, talented and educated people to richer countries. Therefore, the most important goal of the economic policy should be rapid making up the gap to the average EU level. This can be impeded by the current state of public finances, due to high level of debt. Moreo-ver, there are also other factors, which under certain conditions, may lead to a cumulative negative effect, which in turn would threaten the financial stability of the budget. At the same time, the bases of competitiveness of the economy gradually expire, which requires transition to the competition of a qualitative nature. According to the Author, an oppor-tunity to avoid the threat is to use the global market more extensively. He suggests public innovation in a form of the so-called smart company incubators. ; Głównym zagrożeniem dla rozwoju gospodarczego Polski jest niebezpieczeństwo nałożenia się dwóch procesów – spadku przyrostu ludności w wieku produkcyjnym oraz odpływu młodych, zdolnych i wykształconych osób do krajów bogatszych. Dlatego też, najważniejszym celem polityki gospodarczej powinno być szybkie odrobienie dystansu do średniego poziomu UE. Utrudnić to może obecny stan finansów państwa, z powodu wysokiego poziomu zadłużenia. Ponadto, pojawiają się też inne czynniki, które w określonych warunkach mogą doprowadzić do skumulowanego, negatywnego efektu, który z kolei zagrozi stabilności finansowej budżetu. Jednocześnie stopniowo wygasają dotychczasowe podstawy kon kurencyjności gospodarki, co wymaga przejścia do konkurencji o charakterze jakościowym. Zdaniem autora, szansą dla uniknięcia zagrożenia jest dużo szersze wykorzystanie rynku globalnego. Proponuje innowację publiczną w postaci tzw. inkubatorów inteligentnych firm.

Inhaltsverz. u. Zsfassung in engl. Spr. u.d.T.: Privacy in the era of globalisation

The author describes the policy change which took place within last years in the economic policy in the most developed countries as well as in Poland. That relates to the relevance of industrial sector in the world economy. During the prevalence of the neoliberal way of thinking in the economic policy it has been regarded as the one in decline. Its neoliberal advocates were convinced that this sector is going to be replaced by the service sector as a growth engine in the world economy. But with 15 years, quit unexpectedly, a belief in the relevance of it collapsed. That resulted from the technological progress in the industrial sector as well as the global economic crises which began in 2008. At present, the economic discourse revolves around the necessity of the modern reindustrialization. This is a challenge for the Polish economic policy as well. In Poland we saw too much deindustrialization within last two decades, which weakened our prospects for development.

The main aim of the article was the presentation of the tendencies of economic relations development of the European Union with the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China in the conditions of globalisation. The success of the Russian political leaders in their bilateral relations with the European Union show how important, in the mutual is approaching, are the rules and effectiveness of the international system built up in the past sixty years. An objective interest of the transatlantic community is therefore to the west, for safe and prosperous Russia, was idealistic and at the same time realistic. At the same time as it is also important, that Russia and not Africa whether the Middle East, is for Europe force, with the strategic nature. In the long term, to the european economy effectively and permanently follow in globalisation processes and that term was competitive with, Russia and China must first become innovative economy. In terms of prospective it should be emphasised that the best hope for the peaceful development of the international cooperation offers the most important actors contemporary on the world stage. ; The main aim of the article was the presentation of the tendencies of economic relations development of the European Union with the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China in the conditions of globalisation. The success of the Russian political leaders in their bilateral relations with the European Union show how important, in the mutual is approaching, are the rules and effectiveness of the international system built up in the past sixty years. An objective interest of the transatlantic community is therefore to the west, for safe and prosperous Russia, was idealistic and at the same time realistic. At the same time as it is also important, that Russia and not Africa whether the Middle East, is for Europe force, with the strategic nature. In the long term, to the european economy effectively and permanently follow in globalisation processes and that term was competitive with, Russia and China must first become innovative economy. In terms of prospective it should be emphasised that the best hope for the peaceful development of the international cooperation offers the most important actors contemporary on the world stage.

The article analyses in detail the immediate and more remote economic, political and social consequences of globalisation and the emergence of the global civilisation as well as the influence of these processes on changes of the role, importance and nature of the activities of universities. The author points out a number of perils which as a rule are overlooked in discussions of globalisation, such as widening economic differences and a further polarisation into poor and rich countries and threats to the development of democracy and civic rights on the scale of the global civilisation. Difficulties appearing on the scale of individual countries may be impossible to overcome within the framework of supranational, global institutions. The gradual process of globalisation, which is accompanied by spread of the doctrine of economic neoliberalism, has become the reason for changes and reforms of higher education systems of many countries, reforms which were not always successful. As an outcome of the emergence of the global civilisation and new requirements in respect to qualifications, the concept of the functioning of the university and its social role may also change. ; W artykule przeanalizowano szczegółowo bezpośrednie i dalsze konsekwencje ekonomiczne, polityczne i społeczne powstawania cywilizacji globalnej oraz wpływ tych procesów na zmiany roli, znaczenia i charakteru działania uniwersytetów. Autor zwraca uwagę na wiele zagrożeń, które są zazwyczaj pomijane w dyskusji o globalizacji, takich jak pogłębianie się różnic ekonomicznych i dalsza polaryzacja na kraje biedne i bogate czy zagrożenia dla rozwoju procesów demokratycznych i praw obywatelskich w skali cywilizacji globalnej. Trudności występujące w skali poszczególnych państw mogą być nie do pokonania w ramach instytucji ponadpaństwowych, globalnych. Stopniowo postępujący proces globalizacji, któremu towarzyszy rozwój doktryny neoliberalizmu ekonomicznego, stał się powodem - nie zawsze udanych - reform i przeobrażeń systemów szkolnictwa wyższego wielu krajów. W wyniku tworzenia się cywilizacji globalnej i nowych wymagań w zakresie kwalifikacji zmianie ulega także koncepcja funkcjonowania uniwersytetu i jego roli społecznej.

Good Practice in Estonian E-Government: Recommendations for PolandIn the world of far-reaching globalisation and the rapid development of information technology, digitisation of the public sector seems to be inevitably benefiting both ad-ministration as a whole and its customers. At the time of Polands accession to the European Union, the process intensified due to the standards set by the EU. A similar action was taken by Estonia which joined the European Union at the same time as Poland. Over the years, there have been significant differences between these countries in the development of digital public administration. Estonia, in a relatively short period and with limited financial resources, has become one of the most digital countries in Europę. Thus, Poland should be inspired by Estonian practice as regards the implemen-tation of eGovernment.

Globalisation is a phenomenon which is of great importance in the process of formation of a new international environment. One of the most important features of globalisation is an increase of interdependence between the entities on the international stage. It is undeniable that one of such entities is the European Union, which is playing more and more important role also on the political plane. As a homogeneous body, it undoubtedly appears to be a partner which may actively and efficiently engage in the maintenance of international order. In this case, there is one condition – creation of common military capabilities. Owing to them, the European Union may gain an effective tool for reacting to the threats to security which occur in Europe and its immediate surroundings.The aim of the article is to present the contribution that the European Union brings to the fight against threats to international security. The article begins with a description of the international security environment after the collapse of the two-block system and the introduction of the motives that prompted the emerging European Union to undertake efforts to build joint military capabilities independent of NATO. Next, the author describes the military capabilities in the field of emergency response that the European Union has within the framework of the Common Security and Defense Policy. In this part of the article, the author, when analyzing the cases of the actual involvement of the European Union in solving crises, attempted to assess the readiness of forces available to the Union and the actual will to use them to overcome crises that threaten the security of Europe in its close environment. In the conclusions, the author pointed out mainly deficiencies in the decision-making sphere concerning security and defense policy, the elimination of which would allow the European Union to respond more effectively to threats and thus fulfill the role of the creator of the international security environment.Key words: security policy; European security; European Union; military cooperation in Europe; European integration. ; Globalisation is a phenomenon which is of great importance in the process of formation of a new international environment. One of the most important features of globalisation is an increase of interdependence between the entities on the international stage. It is undeniable that one of such entities is the European Union, which is playing more and more important role also on the political plane. As a homogeneous body, it undoubtedly appears to be a partner which may actively and efficiently engage in the maintenance of international order. In this case, there is one condition - creation of common military capabilities. Owing to them, the European Union may gain an effective tool for reacting to the threats to security which occur in Europe and its immediate surroundings.The aim of the article is to present the contribution that the European Union brings to the fight against threats to international security. The article begins with a description of the international security environment after the collapse of the two-block system and the introduction of the motives that prompted the emerging European Union to undertake efforts to build joint military capabilities independent of NATO. Next, the author describes the military capabilities in the field of emergency response that the European Union has within the framework of the Common Security and Defense Policy. In this part of the article, the author, when analyzing the cases of the actual involvement of the European Union in solving crises, attempted to assess the readiness of forces available to the Union and the actual will to use them to overcome crises that threaten the security of Europe in its close environment. In the conclusions, the author pointed out mainly deficiencies in the decision-making sphere concerning security and defense policy, the elimination of which would allow the European Union to respond more effectively to threats and thus fulfill the role of the creator of the international security environment.Key words: security policy, European security, European Union, military cooperation in Europe, European integration. ; Явищем, яке безсумнівно має значення у процесі формування нового міжнародного середовища є глобалізація. Однією з найважливіших особливостей глобалізації є зростання взаємозв'язків між суб'єктами на міжнародній арені. Безперечно, організацією, яка відіграє все важливішу роль на політичному рівні є Європейський Союз. Як одностайний організм, вона неодмінно є партнером, здатним активно та ефективно займатися підтримкою міжнародного порядку. У цьому випадку необхідно створити спільні військові сили. Завдяки ним Європейський Союз може отримати дієвий інструмент, спрямований на реагування на виникаючі загрози безпеці в Європі та її найближчого оточення.Мета статті – представити внесок, який Європейський Союз присвячує боротьбі з загрозами міжнародної безпеки. Стаття починається з опису міжнародного безпекового середовища після розпаду двоблокової системи та мотивів, які спонукали держави-члени Європейського Союзу до здійснення спроб щодо створення спільних збройних сил, незалежних від військового потенціалу НАТО. Потім автор робить опис військового потенціалу в області кризового реагування, яким володіє Європейський Союз в рамках Спільної політики безпеки та оборони. У цій частині статті автор, аналізуючи реальні випадки участі ЄС у вирішенні кризових ситуацій, робить спробу оцінити стан готовності сил, що ЄС має в своєму розпорядженні, і бажання їх фактичного використання у врегулюванні криз, які загрожують безпеці Європи в безпосередній близькості. У висновках автор вказує на основні недоліки у сфері прийняття рішень з питань безпеки та оборонної політики, усунення яких дозволило б Європейському Союзу ефективніше реагувати на загрози і, таким чином, виступати в ролі творця середовища міжнародної безпеки.Ключові слова: політика безпеки; європейська безпека; Європейський Союз; військове співробітництво в Європі; європейська інтеграція.

The subject of this article is a critical reflection on how to analyse contemporary foreign policy. In times of ever-faster globalisation and deepening European integration two questions appear to be particularly important: to what extent are the classic(al) methods of explaining and analysing foreign policy still relevant? Are new theoretical concepts needed that are functional and useful? To accomplish the task described above, structural realism, as one of the major theories of international relations, has been juxtaposed with the very popular concept of Europeanization. Following this path, the relevant literature, consisting predominantly of Kenneth Waltz's works published after the end of the Cold War and the creation of the EU, has been reviewed and analysed. As for Europeanization, materials devoted to the specific issue of its impact on the foreign policies of European states and the EU Common Foreign and Security Policy as a whole has been used. To summarise, the attempt to combine and synthesize structural realism and the concept of Europeanization has been undertaken in search for an optimal (in a cognitive and explanatory aspect) method of analysing the foreign policies of EU Member States.