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Topicality of the monograph. For hundreds of years gold has been playing a unique role in human societies. Since the times of ancient Egypt up to these days there have been very few metals which have played such an important role in mankind history as gold. Appreciation of gold is as old as the written history of mankind. Although the accurate data on when a human for the first time picked up a golden nugget is hard to obtain, golden remnants are found in paleontological caves, which, according to the archaeological findings, appeared 40000 BC (Hur, 2017). Although nowadays gold has stopped being used as a tool for daily settlements, its role in global economies remains very significant. The evidence that proves the significance of gold in economics is the balance sheet data provided by central banks and other reputable financial institutions, such as International Monetary Fund (Balarie, 2017): the above-mentioned institutions accumulate gold reserves and generate approximately one-fifth of the global demand for gold. One of the characteristics possessed by gold is the ability to maintain the value of assets through thousands of mankind generations. The same, however, cannot be said about paper money. If, for instance, in 1970, an investor had decided to hold gold (back to then, gold was traded for 35 US dollars) instead of holding 35 US dollars in cash, today this investor could still buy a new qualitative suit, which would not be affordable for 35 US dollars. Gold has preserved its value in the course of time, while the value of paper money has been reduced by inflation. The analysis of the London Bullion Market prognosticate that by the end of 2017, the average gold price will rise by 5.3 percent in comparison to the price captured in 2016, and will approximately reach 1244 US dollars per ounce (i.e. gold price will vary in the interval from 1101 to 1379 US dollars per ounce) (the London Bullion Market, 2017a). It is considered that in 2017, investors in gold will have to go through the variety of hardly predictable events caused by great global political uncertainty, nationalist views of the US President Donald Trump, potentially hard exit negotiations between the UK and the EU, the results of elections in France and Germany and the growing tension between the USA and China.

Topicality of the monograph. For hundreds of years gold has been playing a unique role in human societies. Since the times of ancient Egypt up to these days there have been very few metals which have played such an important role in mankind history as gold. Appreciation of gold is as old as the written history of mankind. Although the accurate data on when a human for the first time picked up a golden nugget is hard to obtain, golden remnants are found in paleontological caves, which, according to the archaeological findings, appeared 40000 BC (Hur, 2017). Although nowadays gold has stopped being used as a tool for daily settlements, its role in global economies remains very significant. The evidence that proves the significance of gold in economics is the balance sheet data provided by central banks and other reputable financial institutions, such as International Monetary Fund (Balarie, 2017): the above-mentioned institutions accumulate gold reserves and generate approximately one-fifth of the global demand for gold. One of the characteristics possessed by gold is the ability to maintain the value of assets through thousands of mankind generations. The same, however, cannot be said about paper money. If, for instance, in 1970, an investor had decided to hold gold (back to then, gold was traded for 35 US dollars) instead of holding 35 US dollars in cash, today this investor could still buy a new qualitative suit, which would not be affordable for 35 US dollars. Gold has preserved its value in the course of time, while the value of paper money has been reduced by inflation. The analysis of the London Bullion Market prognosticate that by the end of 2017, the average gold price will rise by 5.3 percent in comparison to the price captured in 2016, and will approximately reach 1244 US dollars per ounce (i.e. gold price will vary in the interval from 1101 to 1379 US dollars per ounce) (the London Bullion Market, 2017a). It is considered that in 2017, investors in gold will have to go through the variety of hardly predictable events caused by great global political uncertainty, nationalist views of the US President Donald Trump, potentially hard exit negotiations between the UK and the EU, the results of elections in France and Germany and the growing tension between the USA and China.

Topicality of the monograph. For hundreds of years gold has been playing a unique role in human societies. Since the times of ancient Egypt up to these days there have been very few metals which have played such an important role in mankind history as gold. Appreciation of gold is as old as the written history of mankind. Although the accurate data on when a human for the first time picked up a golden nugget is hard to obtain, golden remnants are found in paleontological caves, which, according to the archaeological findings, appeared 40000 BC (Hur, 2017). Although nowadays gold has stopped being used as a tool for daily settlements, its role in global economies remains very significant. The evidence that proves the significance of gold in economics is the balance sheet data provided by central banks and other reputable financial institutions, such as International Monetary Fund (Balarie, 2017): the above-mentioned institutions accumulate gold reserves and generate approximately one-fifth of the global demand for gold. One of the characteristics possessed by gold is the ability to maintain the value of assets through thousands of mankind generations. The same, however, cannot be said about paper money. If, for instance, in 1970, an investor had decided to hold gold (back to then, gold was traded for 35 US dollars) instead of holding 35 US dollars in cash, today this investor could still buy a new qualitative suit, which would not be affordable for 35 US dollars. Gold has preserved its value in the course of time, while the value of paper money has been reduced by inflation. The analysis of the London Bullion Market prognosticate that by the end of 2017, the average gold price will rise by 5.3 percent in comparison to the price captured in 2016, and will approximately reach 1244 US dollars per ounce (i.e. gold price will vary in the interval from 1101 to 1379 US dollars per ounce) (the London Bullion Market, 2017a). It is considered that in 2017, investors in gold will have to go through the variety of hardly predictable events caused by great global political uncertainty, nationalist views of the US President Donald Trump, potentially hard exit negotiations between the UK and the EU, the results of elections in France and Germany and the growing tension between the USA and China.

Topicality of the monograph. For hundreds of years gold has been playing a unique role in human societies. Since the times of ancient Egypt up to these days there have been very few metals which have played such an important role in mankind history as gold. Appreciation of gold is as old as the written history of mankind. Although the accurate data on when a human for the first time picked up a golden nugget is hard to obtain, golden remnants are found in paleontological caves, which, according to the archaeological findings, appeared 40000 BC (Hur, 2017). Although nowadays gold has stopped being used as a tool for daily settlements, its role in global economies remains very significant. The evidence that proves the significance of gold in economics is the balance sheet data provided by central banks and other reputable financial institutions, such as International Monetary Fund (Balarie, 2017): the above-mentioned institutions accumulate gold reserves and generate approximately one-fifth of the global demand for gold. One of the characteristics possessed by gold is the ability to maintain the value of assets through thousands of mankind generations. The same, however, cannot be said about paper money. If, for instance, in 1970, an investor had decided to hold gold (back to then, gold was traded for 35 US dollars) instead of holding 35 US dollars in cash, today this investor could still buy a new qualitative suit, which would not be affordable for 35 US dollars. Gold has preserved its value in the course of time, while the value of paper money has been reduced by inflation. The analysis of the London Bullion Market prognosticate that by the end of 2017, the average gold price will rise by 5.3 percent in comparison to the price captured in 2016, and will approximately reach 1244 US dollars per ounce (i.e. gold price will vary in the interval from 1101 to 1379 US dollars per ounce) (the London Bullion Market, 2017a). It is considered that in 2017, investors in gold will have to go through the variety of hardly predictable events caused by great global political uncertainty, nationalist views of the US President Donald Trump, potentially hard exit negotiations between the UK and the EU, the results of elections in France and Germany and the growing tension between the USA and China.

Scientific literature analysis proposes that there is a lack of the research on the impact of the EU, Chinese and US monetary policies on gold price fluctuations. Therefore, with a view to filling this research gap, it is purposeful to examine the impact of monetary policies pursued by central banks in different regions on the price of gold as one of the main asset types in the modern financial market Scientific literature is still lacking the model for assessing the impact of monetary policies on the gold markets that would consider the effects of the factors specific to the EU, Chinese and US markets in terms of the gold price forecasting. The general purpose of this scientific research is to review the main EU, China and US monetary policy instruments and assess the impact of these instruments on the price of gold based on the comprehensive model developed for assessing the impact of monetary policy instruments on the price of gold in different regions. The empirical research has revealed that non-traditional monetary policy instruments did not have any significant impact on gold price fluctuations in the long run. When making investment in gold, it is advisable to monitor these parameters of the traditional instruments: changes in the money supply in the EU and US markets, interest rates in the People's Republic of China and the US, US unemployment data and consumer prices index of People's Republic of China.

Scientific literature analysis proposes that there is a lack of the research on the impact of the EU, Chinese and US monetary policies on gold price fluctuations. Therefore, with a view to filling this research gap, it is purposeful to examine the impact of monetary policies pursued by central banks in different regions on the price of gold as one of the main asset types in the modern financial market Scientific literature is still lacking the model for assessing the impact of monetary policies on the gold markets that would consider the effects of the factors specific to the EU, Chinese and US markets in terms of the gold price forecasting. The general purpose of this scientific research is to review the main EU, China and US monetary policy instruments and assess the impact of these instruments on the price of gold based on the comprehensive model developed for assessing the impact of monetary policy instruments on the price of gold in different regions. The empirical research has revealed that non-traditional monetary policy instruments did not have any significant impact on gold price fluctuations in the long run. When making investment in gold, it is advisable to monitor these parameters of the traditional instruments: changes in the money supply in the EU and US markets, interest rates in the People's Republic of China and the US, US unemployment data and consumer prices index of People's Republic of China.

The article evaluates the current account balance impact to countries income level. The goal of this article was to evaluate the current account balance impact to countries income level, considering countries openness, its total reserve (except gold) and investment levels in European Union countries.

The article evaluates the current account balance impact to countries income level. The goal of this article was to evaluate the current account balance impact to countries income level, considering countries openness, its total reserve (except gold) and investment levels in European Union countries.

The article evaluates the current account balance impact to countries income level. The goal of this article was to evaluate the current account balance impact to countries income level, considering countries openness, its total reserve (except gold) and investment levels in European Union countries.

By comparing with last centuries, the twentieth century has produced extremes. Its earliest part was a benign continuation of the peace of the nineteenth century. But this calm before the storm was followed by the World War I, communism, hyperinflation, fascism, depression, the World War II, and the Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe. There followed a period of comparative stability, punctuated by the balance of terror of the Cold War, the Nato Alliance, and decolonialism. Toward the end of the century the Cold War ended, the Soviet Empire was dismantled, democracy emerged in Eastern Europe, the Americana flourished and the euro came. The twentieth century began with a highly efficient international monetary system that was destroyed in World War I, and its bungled recreation in the inter-war period brought on the great depression, Hitler and the World War II. The new arrangements that succeeded it depended more on the dollar policies of the Federal Reserve System than on the discipline of gold itself. In the new arrangements, which were ratified at Bretton Woods in 1944, countries were required to establish parities fixed in gold and maintain fixed exchange rates to one another. With the breakdown of the Bretton Woods system, money supplies became more elastic, accommodating not only inflationary wage developments but also the monopolistic pricing of internationally traded commodities. Foreign Exchange trading describes trading in the many currencies of the world. It is the largest and the least regulated market providing the greatest liquidity to investors. Currencies are traded electronically by dealers in trading rooms of banks and financial institutions in the major global financial centers. These centers are: London, New York , Hong Kong, Singapore, Tokyo, Sydney. Technical analysis relies on the principle that "history always repeats itself". Common indicators that dealers use in their forecasting include the Moving Average (MA), the Moving Average Convergence/Divergence (MACD), the Relative Strength Index (RSI) and the Momentum Index. Not all strategies of technical analysis for trading currencies live long. The aim of this work is to find one. Analyzing strategy is using simple technical analysis. It's not confusing for the beginners and good tool for the pro too.

By comparing with last centuries, the twentieth century has produced extremes. Its earliest part was a benign continuation of the peace of the nineteenth century. But this calm before the storm was followed by the World War I, communism, hyperinflation, fascism, depression, the World War II, and the Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe. There followed a period of comparative stability, punctuated by the balance of terror of the Cold War, the Nato Alliance, and decolonialism. Toward the end of the century the Cold War ended, the Soviet Empire was dismantled, democracy emerged in Eastern Europe, the Americana flourished and the euro came. The twentieth century began with a highly efficient international monetary system that was destroyed in World War I, and its bungled recreation in the inter-war period brought on the great depression, Hitler and the World War II. The new arrangements that succeeded it depended more on the dollar policies of the Federal Reserve System than on the discipline of gold itself. In the new arrangements, which were ratified at Bretton Woods in 1944, countries were required to establish parities fixed in gold and maintain fixed exchange rates to one another. With the breakdown of the Bretton Woods system, money supplies became more elastic, accommodating not only inflationary wage developments but also the monopolistic pricing of internationally traded commodities. Foreign Exchange trading describes trading in the many currencies of the world. It is the largest and the least regulated market providing the greatest liquidity to investors. Currencies are traded electronically by dealers in trading rooms of banks and financial institutions in the major global financial centers. These centers are: London, New York , Hong Kong, Singapore, Tokyo, Sydney. Technical analysis relies on the principle that "history always repeats itself". Common indicators that dealers use in their forecasting include the Moving Average (MA), the Moving Average Convergence/Divergence (MACD), the Relative Strength Index (RSI) and the Momentum Index. Not all strategies of technical analysis for trading currencies live long. The aim of this work is to find one. Analyzing strategy is using simple technical analysis. It's not confusing for the beginners and good tool for the pro too.

A lot of public places there privatized after the restoration of independence in Lithuania. A real threat occurred for monumental artworks in architecture after the biulding was privatized. In this situation a public opnion about soviet heritage is really important. Despite the political aspect, there is economical factors as well. Stained glass windows, can't be fixed because of lack of finance. Though soviet times in Lithuania was "golden age" for stained glass it has real preservation problem in nowdays. There is a lack of information about these days soviet stained glass situation. The first part of this work contains short history of soviet stained glass and the sources of prosperity. There was two main assumptions for prosperity of stained glass in soviet times: first was orders from soviet goverment and the second was artist and architectures cooperation. The exposition part is illiustration about stained glass destruction, and real situation of soviet stained glass in these days. The final part of the work is about the heritage of soviet art works and preservation of stained glass.

The aim of this article is to show transformations of social services (social security, health care, education, social care and social work) in the perspective of welfare pluralism. The analysis shows that the development of social services in Western capitalist countries went through three different stages. In the first stage the major provider of social services was voluntary sector (NGO) and only at the end of eighteenth century public social services were established. The rapid growth and extension of publically provided social services in Western societies started after World War II. This period of social services development is characterized by the tendency to transfer the responsibility for social risks from private to public realm and is called the golden age of the welfare state. Since the end of 1970s the conception of welfare state undergoes sharp critique in Western democratic countries. The article claims that the new type of social services system, radically different from the postwar welfare state, is emerging.

The aim of this article is to show transformations of social services (social security, health care, education, social care and social work) in the perspective of welfare pluralism. The analysis shows that the development of social services in Western capitalist countries went through three different stages. In the first stage the major provider of social services was voluntary sector (NGO) and only at the end of eighteenth century public social services were established. The rapid growth and extension of publically provided social services in Western societies started after World War II. This period of social services development is characterized by the tendency to transfer the responsibility for social risks from private to public realm and is called the golden age of the welfare state. Since the end of 1970s the conception of welfare state undergoes sharp critique in Western democratic countries. The article claims that the new type of social services system, radically different from the postwar welfare state, is emerging.

The aim of this article is to show transformations of social services (social security, health care, education, social care and social work) in the perspective of welfare pluralism. The analysis shows that the development of social services in Western capitalist countries went through three different stages. In the first stage the major provider of social services was voluntary sector (NGO) and only at the end of eighteenth century public social services were established. The rapid growth and extension of publically provided social services in Western societies started after World War II. This period of social services development is characterized by the tendency to transfer the responsibility for social risks from private to public realm and is called the golden age of the welfare state. Since the end of 1970s the conception of welfare state undergoes sharp critique in Western democratic countries. The article claims that the new type of social services system, radically different from the postwar welfare state, is emerging.