Suchergebnisse

Pressure groups may be divided into 2 classes: those which speak for a particular section of the community & those which organize people with similar att's. The diff between them lies in the fact that it is the task of the former to reflect a particular interest of a group represented & of the latter to try to persuade people to subscribe to its point of view. Few attitude groups (AG's) have members of their own, but they can rely on the support of particular sections of society. They are predominantly Mc & Uc in composition. Members provide the groups with lobbyists & money. The most direct form of lobbying is interviewing Members of Parliament, but it is also important to have members scattered about the country to ask questions during elections. The AG's usually enjoy private patronage; less often the membership is large enough to provide the necessary funds by subscription. The AG's are pol'ly less influential & important than others, though some welfare societies have been consulted on legislation. The AG's are also less likely to produce pol'ly important people. IPSA.

Pressure Groups are an increasingly important feature of the political landscape and they are active on many levels, local, national or European. They reflect a diverse compass of interests from the well-known (the National Farmers' Union) to the less familiar (the Zip Fastener Association) and interact with a wide range of political players in different parts of the political system: parties, the media, government and parliament. They are involved at every stage of the political process, from raising issues and agenda setting to policy implementation and monitoring

In her article "Intermediality, Rewriting Histories and Identities in French Rap" Isabelle Marc Martínez analyzes aspects of French hip hop culture. As an example of resistant cultural manifestations, hip hop scenes all over the world develop strategies to subvert mainstream values and to replace them by new de-localized, contesting identities via intermedial and intertextual processes. In France during the 1990 rap was intended to reassess French national history and national selfperception. Foundational hip hop bands such as Assassin, Ministère AMER, IAM, and NTM aimed at discrediting official narratives concerning the French culture's colonial and social past. hip hop artists, who viewed themselves as poets in a romantic vein, invested themselves with a responsibility that was political, ethical and aesthetic. From this position of poetic superiority, they attempted to alter official narratives by questioning and reviewing the educational system of France. The outcome of these resistant strategies was the forging of new multicultural and multiethnic identities of French culture, which have been in fact partly appropriated by mainstream culture and politics.