Suchergebnisse

[Resumen] El estudio presenta reflexiones teórico-metodológicas relativas a los procesos de investigación de la historia de la enseñanza de la Historia de la Educación. En lo que se refiere a la cuestión teórica, se evidencia la fertilidad de categorías investigativas, tales como: presencia, identidad de normas y finalidades, perfil docente y discente, perfil programático y materiales pedagógicos. Respecto a las fuentes, la reflexión abarca desde las más comunes fuentes impresas, tales como libros científicos, manuales pedagógicos, capítulos de libros, artículos científicos, legislaciones sobre la enseñanza, estructuras curriculares, programas docentes, etc.; pasa también por los manuscritos, como actas, diarios de clase, cuadernos de los alumnos, y otros.; y termina con las fuentes orales, entre las que se hallan declaraciones de autores de manuales pedagógicos, de ex-profesores, de exalumnos, etc. Se hace referencia también a las fuentes iconográficas. ; [Abstract] This study contains theoretical and methodological reflections linked to processes of investigation regarding the history of the teaching of the History of Education. As regards the theoretical aspect, there is a wealth of research categories, such as presence, he identity of standards and purposes, the profile of the teacher and the student, the profile of the program and of pedagogical materials. As far as sources are concerned, observations have been taken from the most common available bibliographies, such as scientific books and pedagogical manuals, chapters of books, scientific articles; printed sources, for example; teaching legislation, curriculum programs, teaching and class plans, etc.; written sources, including minutes, daily class records, student notebooks, etc.; oral sources, using statements from authors of pedagogical manuals, from former teachers and students, etc. Reference is also made to iconographic sources.

The psychological examination of the presidents is a field of political psychology. The biography of president Wilson written by Freud is a complex antecedent. This article does not claim to fall under an ad hoc theory of the politician. It deals only with a combination of observations & comments on the public life of president Nicolas Sarkozy. Included are a description of the presidential campaign of 2007 & the sociopolitical situation in France, an examination of the techniques of communication used, & some criteria for the psychological analysis of the praxis of political personalities. Adapted from the source document.

Departing from the notion that labour legislation should be founded in the generation of job stability a model for recruitment is presented in which the employer is likened to the holder of an investment portfolio containing two real derivatives – swap or the option of sale. This model allows us on one hand to analyze sensitivity to the variables that are at play in an employment contract and, on the other, look at the effects that the most recent reforms in Spanish labour laws have had on contracting decisions made by employers. The results are clear: social security benefits are shown to be the most sensitive variable on the work contract, and applying the changes proposed in the latest labour reforms, this effect is upheld. The study concludes that reducing the costs of dismissal does not increase the likelihood of employers' taking on new staff. ; Dada la situación actual y partiendo del supuesto que como herramientapara una correcta política de empleo la legislación laboral debe sentar las basessólidas para que en el momento de recuperación económica se generen puestosde trabajo estables, se presenta un modelo de simulación de contratación quenos va a permitir un análisis de sensibilidad de las distintas variables a teneren cuenta en una regulación del mercado laboral. El modelo consiste en asimilar el comportamiento del empresario al delpropietario de una cartera de inversión compuesta por dos derivados reales, unswap y una opción de venta americana. Este modelo nos permite, por un lado,hacer un análisis de sensibilidad de las diferentes variables que intervienen en lacontratación, y, por otro lado, analizar los efectos que la última reforma laboralespañola tiene sobre la decisión de contratar del empresario. Los resultadosson claros, la variable que más sensibilidad presenta sobre la contratación esla cuota patronal de la seguridad social, y aplicando los cambios propuestos enesta última reforma laboral, se concretan estos efectos y también se concluyeque la reducción de los costes de despido no acelera la decisión de contratar. ; Dada a situação atual e partindo do suposto que como ferramenta para uma correta política de emprego, a legislação laboral deve instituir as bases sólidas para que, no momento da recuperação econômica, se gerem postos de trabalho estáveis, se apresentem um modelo de simulação de contratação que nos permitirá uma análise de sensibilidade das diferentes variáveis a considerar em uma regulação do mercado laboral. O modelo consiste em assimilar o comportamento do empresário ao do proprietário de uma carteira de investimento composto por dois derivados reais, um swap e uma opção de venda americana. Esse modelo nos permite, por um lado, fazer uma análise de sensibilidade das diferentes variáveis que intervêm na contratação e, por outro lado, analisar os efeitos que a última reforma laboral espanhola tem sobre a decisão de contratar do empresário. Os resultados são claros, a variável que mais sensibilidade apresenta sobre a contratação é a cota patronal da previdência social e aplicando as mudanças propostas nesta última reforma laboral, concretizam-se esses efeitos e também se conclui que a redução dos custos de demissão não acelera a decisão de contratar.

Departing from the notion that labour legislation should be founded in the generation of job stability a model for recruitment is presented in which the employer is likened to the holder of an investment portfolio containing two real derivatives – swap or the option of sale. This model allows us on one hand to analyze sensitivity to the variables that are at play in an employment contract and, on the other, look at the effects that the most recent reforms in Spanish labour laws have had on contracting decisions made by employers. The results are clear: social security benefits are shown to be the most sensitive variable on the work contract, and applying the changes proposed in the latest labour reforms, this effect is upheld. The study concludes that reducing the costs of dismissal does not increase the likelihood of employers' taking on new staff. ; Dada la situación actual y partiendo del supuesto que como herramientapara una correcta política de empleo la legislación laboral debe sentar las basessólidas para que en el momento de recuperación económica se generen puestosde trabajo estables, se presenta un modelo de simulación de contratación quenos va a permitir un análisis de sensibilidad de las distintas variables a teneren cuenta en una regulación del mercado laboral. El modelo consiste en asimilar el comportamiento del empresario al delpropietario de una cartera de inversión compuesta por dos derivados reales, unswap y una opción de venta americana. Este modelo nos permite, por un lado,hacer un análisis de sensibilidad de las diferentes variables que intervienen en lacontratación, y, por otro lado, analizar los efectos que la última reforma laboralespañola tiene sobre la decisión de contratar del empresario. Los resultadosson claros, la variable que más sensibilidad presenta sobre la contratación esla cuota patronal de la seguridad social, y aplicando los cambios propuestos enesta última reforma laboral, se concretan estos efectos y también se concluyeque la reducción de los costes de despido no acelera ...

Political scientists are increasingly using experiments to study important topics, in large part because this methodology allows the researcher more control in specifying relationships & testing causation. The application of experimental methods to questions of political opinions & behavior is still somewhat limited outside the realm of U.S. politics, & in particular within the realm of Mexican politics. In this note, we first present an overview of the strengths, & weaknesses, of experimental research for the study of political behavior. We then present an experimental study conducted in the summer of 2004, using college students as research subjects, to illustrate the benefits of the method for investigating one particular research topic within Mexican politics: the utility of party labels as heuristic aids for opinion formation & expression. We find evidence that party labels, in particular the PRI, influence individuals' policy preferences and, further, that these effects are more pronounced for more difficult issues. We find only limited evidence that party identification conditions the usefulness of the cues. We hope that our study & discussion convincingly demonstrate that experimental methods are appropriate & useful for the study of Mexican political behavior. Adapted from the source document.

Investigación que tiene como objetivo validar la heurística como técnica creativa aplicable al desarrollo de estrategias de marketing político. Estudio cualitativo con enfoque metodológico descriptivo-interpretativo a partir del análisis de diferentes elementos semióticos, contextuales y coyunturales que intervienen en la generación de atajos heurísticos en los públicos que son objeto del marketing político. El trabajo encuentra las relaciones y posibilidades de aplicación de rutas de decisión heurística en el marketing político. ; Research that aims to validate heuristics as a creative technique applicable to the development of political marketing strategies. Qualitative study with a descriptive-interpretative methodological approach from the analysis of different semiotic, contextual and conjunctural elements that intervene in the generation of heuristic shortcuts in the publics that are the object of political marketing. The work finds the relationships and possibilities of application of heuristic decision routes in political marketing.

The normative focus of the study of political behavior assumes that voters are rational & that all apply the same method of reasoning when they have to choose. Given the limitations of the normative view of voting theory, some authors have chosen to explain the voter's decision from a descriptive perspective. In this paper, we develop an adaptive model to describe the different decision-making processes that voters apply. Our ultimate goal is to identify rules that characterize the political behavior of individuals. To achieve this, we use a classification technique from the field of automatic learning: decision trees. At the empirical level, we have discovered that Spanish voters apply different decision processes chat are guided by the heuristic criterion of cost saving of information about the incumbent, the government's actions & the future of the country's economy. The decision trees obtained enable us to classify voters into four categories: ritualists, voters influenced by affective factors, those influenced by government performance & forward-looking voters. Adapted from the source document.