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Intercultural mass communication: approaches to key texts in cultural theory
In: InterKultur 2
Mass Communication and Media play an integral part in modern societies. This publication reflects on fundamental theoretical works and recent key texts from different backgrounds such as political analysis, feminism, media studies or Cultural Theory. It is designed as a workbook in European-Chinese intercultural studies. Therefore thorough descriptions of the texts in Chinese language are backed up by additional information and questions to ponder to deepen the understanding. This book is part of the series "interKULTUR European-Chinese intercultural Studies" which consists of teaching material for intercultural studies in higher education and research results of such studies.
Análisis de carácter comparativo del sistema de educación superior entre China y España, y los problemas de la traducción, tanto del español al chino como en sentido inverso, en el caso de la ley pertinente a la Educación Superior ; A comparative analysis of the higher education system between China...
En las últimas décadas, la educación superior se sitúa en el cruce de la investigación, la educación y la innovación, y constituye el eje central de la economía y de la sociedad del conocimiento, así como el factor clave para la competitividad de cada país. Hoy en día, con el rápido desarrollo de la globalización, la internacionalización de la educación superior se está convirtiendo en una estrategia fundamental del desarrollo para los institutos educativos superiores de los países de todo el mundo, incluso para los de China y de España, dado el creciente intercambio entre ellos. Sin duda alguna, la investigación de las leyes españolas y las chinas respecto a la educación superior consiste en la necesaria condición previa para los intercambios y el desarrollo entre ambos países, y también es imprescindible llevarse a cabo una traducción concerniente a los documentos jurídicos. A estos se suma que son escasos los documentos existentes tanto en español como en chino acerca de la educación superior. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las dificultades de la traducción chinoespañol sobre los textos legislativos y las diferencias de dichos textos, y después intentar plantear unas soluciones. Para ello, tomamos la Ley de Educación Superior de China y la Ley relativa de España como corpus de la investigación, utilizando la metodología cualitativa, en que usamos técnicas de la etnografia y del análisis del discurso y libros, analizamos los datos estableciendo un contraste de la educación superior de ambos países. Asimismo, con el objetivo de obtener las estrategias para la traducción de la Ley de Educación Superior, por medio de la teoría de equivalencia dinámica planteada por Eugene A. N ida, un gran traductor estadounidense, estudiamos y comparamos las características de lenguaje del derecho educativo superior chino y el español, y las dificultades durante la traducción, aplicando la metodología contrastiva. Los resultados revelan que existen muchas diferencias entre dos lenguas, de ahí que, es menester ...
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The development and expansion of extra-curricular activities in Hong Kong secondary schools
Fung, Ka Wo. ; Thesis submitted in: December 2008. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 174-181). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1-13 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Research Background --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Defining the Research Objects and Scope --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.3 --- The Sociological Perspective --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.4 --- The Organization of Thesis --- p.11 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- Theoretical Framework and Research Questions --- p.14-42 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Current Theories and Research Studies --- p.14 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Limitations of the Current Theories --- p.24 ; Chapter 2.3 --- The Alternative Model: Sociological Institutionalism --- p.27 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Research Questions --- p.39 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- Methodological Approach --- p.43-59 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.43 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Sources of Data --- p.44 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Temporal Dimension --- p.48 ; Chapter 3.4 --- Method of Analysis --- p.50 ; Chapter 3.5 --- Reliability --- p.58 ; Chapter Chapter 4 --- Exploring the Institutional Origin of ECA in the Development of Hong Kong Mass Education --- p.60-91 ; Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.60 ; Chapter 4.2 --- Phase IA- Pre-government Intervention: Before 1967 --- p.62 ; Chapter 4.3 --- Phase IB- Absorption by Government: 1967- 1981 --- p.64 ; Chapter 4.4 --- Phase 1C- Initial Expansion in School Establishment: 1981-1992 --- p.67 ; Chapter 4.5 --- Phase IIA- Consolidation in Education Reform: 1992-2000 --- p.73 ; Chapter 4.6 --- Phase IIB- Accomplishment of Institutionalization: 2000~ --- p.79 ; Chapter 4.7 --- Summary and Research Focus --- p.84 ; Chapter Chapter 5 --- Explaining the Change and Organization of ECA in Official Curriculum --- p.92-111 ; Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.92 ; Chapter 5.2 --- definition of Curriculum --- p.95 ; Chapter 5.3 --- Aims of Education --- p.99 ; Chapter 5.4 --- Pedagogy --- p.107 ; Chapter 5.5 --- Summary --- p.111 ; Chapter Chapter 6 --- ...
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中國大陸學前教育改革背景下幼兒園教師身份構建研究: The construction of preschool teacher identity in the context of education reform in the Chinese mainland. ; Construction of preschool teacher identity in the context of education reform in the Chinese mainland ; Zhongguo da lu xue qian jiao yu gai ge bei jing xia you er yu...
提升學前教育的機會與品質成為世界趨勢,近年來中國大陸政府在普及學前教育進程中逐漸關注並出臺政策以保障和監控教育品質,這對幼兒園教師提出高績效表現的素質要求。然而,實踐一線的教師們面臨著國家和市場的雙重期待,究竟如何看待自己?又如何為職業賦予了什麼樣的意義? 本研究借助詮釋性互動和符號互動論為理論視角,採用質化研究的取向,以北京為實地研究範圍,選取33名幼兒園教師和3名管理者,就其對身為教師的理解與詮釋展開深入訪談,輔之以文檔收集和實地觀察,探討幼兒園教師為職業賦予意義的過程。本研究主要有以下發現: ; 首先,影響幼兒園教師身份的三種結構性力量分別是國家權力、市場話語和性別文化。這三種力量共同交織,巧妙地將幼兒園教師群體置於弱者之境,導致幼兒園教師身份空間被擠壓、身份異化和性別化。其次,符號互動論視角下,幼兒園教師身份構建就是幼兒園教師與他人進行外部互動和與自我進行內部互動的過程。不同工作情境下的幼兒園教師身份構建呈現三種不同的路徑:外部主導型、內部主導型以及內外兼顧型,從而構建出不同類型的幼兒園教師身份:保姆與廉價勞動力、有特色的專業工作者、我不是保姆而是___老師。最後,情緒在幼兒園教師身份構建中的作用表現在:情緒是身份的晴雨表、身份呈現的工具、身份承諾的動力及促進身份轉化的誘因。幼兒園教師在身份構建過程中情緒產生並嵌入其互動的工作情境中,與不同對象互動中呈現出不同的情緒地理。幼兒園教師情緒規則包括善於控制情緒,積極運用情緒,堅持微笑服務;其情緒勞動時間長、多樣性、強度大。他們並運用偽裝、抑制、自我勸服和釋放等情緒勞動策略。 ; 本研究對幼兒園教師身份構建的探討豐富了教師身份研究;並回應了關於教師身份構建的宏觀結構因素、身份構建機制以及身份構建中的情緒等學術討論;同時,提出幼兒園教師專業性中的情緒情感維度,即情緒性的專業性。最後,就政府幼教政策推行以及政府制定市場規則方面提出政策建議,並探討了對幼兒園管理實踐的啟示。 ; Improving the quality of preschool education has become a global trend. In recent years, the Chinese government has increasingly focused on universalizing preschool education in the country, launching policies to guarantee high-quality education. Rigorous requirements have also been implemented to maintain the caliber of preschool teachers. In this context, how do front-line teachers in Mainland China understand their teacher identities amid the objectives set by the state and the market for them? How do they make sense of their careers? Informed by the interpretive and symbolic interactionism perspectives, this multiple-case qualitative study examines how preschool teachers in Mainland China construct their professional identities and how they understand and interpret the roles of preschool teachers. Sources of data include in-depth interviews with 33 preschool teachers and 3 preschool leaders in Beijing, documents like teaching materials and school policies, as well as field observations. ; The analysis of the multiple sources of data indicates that: (1) The professional identities of preschool teachers were primarily influenced by state power, market discourse, and gender culture. These influential ...
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家庭支出与政府供给: 中国进城务工子女的随迁选择及其对教育支出的影响 = Household expenditure and governmental supply : the determinants of migration decision for migrant children and its impact on their education expenditure in China. ; 中国进城务工子女的随迁选择及其对教育支出的影响 ; Household expenditure and governmental supply: the determinants of migr...
随着我国城镇化的发展和城乡迁移人口的大幅增加,越来越多进城务工人员选择让子女随迁进入城市。在城乡教育水平存在差异的情况下,让子女随迁或留守反映着家庭对高质量教育的需求,同时也有可能改变家庭中教育资源的分配状况。政府是基础教育总成本的主要承担者,政策上可以通过增加政府教育的投入来减轻家庭的私人负担。因此,家庭负担的私人成本大小与政府的供给具有密切的关系。 ; 本研究主要采用2008年CHIP(Chinese Household Income Project)数据,从需求的角度考察随迁选择及其对教育支出的影响。研究进一步加入了流出老家和流入城市两地的县级的宏观教育财政数据来反映政府教育供给状况,并探讨了家庭支出和政府供给的相关关系。研究首先采用Probit 回归对随迁选择影响因素进行分析发现,除了个体、家庭和地区因素外,城市教育财政支出是家庭进行随迁选择的拉动力,城乡间教育支出的相对差异也显著地促进随迁选择;研究的第二部分采用倾向得分匹配法寻找随迁与家庭教育支出的因果关系。结果发现,与留守相比,随迁会导致家庭校内教育支出的显著增加,其中进入公办学校的家庭支出增加62%至64%左右。最后,结合政府供给水平对家庭需求的影响,作者发现,流入地政府的教育支出有助于提高流动儿童进入公办学校的机会,与家庭教育支出存在着挤入效应,随着政府支出的增加,家庭需要负担更多的私人成本。 ; 研究首次将政府供给水平与随迁子女的教育需求进行结合,具有一定的创新意义。 结论中关于城乡教育支出差异对随迁选择的积极作用,有助于中央或地方政府通过促进城乡均衡发展对随迁过程进行引导;而随迁家庭需要承担高额教育支出的客观事实,也有利于家庭进行随迁选择时充分地考虑成本因素;研究最后发现的挤入效应反映了流入地县级政府教育财力的缺陷,明确了中央政府承担责任的必要性。 ; Whiles urbanization and rural-urban migration in China have been increased rapidly in recent years, more and more migration workers have chosen to bring their children to urban migration destinations. Because of the huge rural-urban gap in education funding, the choice of migrating with children versus leaving them behind in rural areas reflects demand of high educational quality by families. Further, different migration behaviors could also affect households' resource allocation on education. Since government plays a major role on the total cost of basic education, policies can be implemented to release family's budget constraint by raising the education finance. As a result, the extent to which private education cost by migrant households is closely related to the level of public funding. ; Using the 2008 Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP) data, my thesis attempts to investigate the determinants of family migration decision on children and the impact of children migration on educational expenditure. I merge the CHIP data with the macro educational fiscal data in migrants' place of origin and destination to to indicate the public fiscal support, and explore the relationship between household expenditure and governmental funding on education. I ...
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Growth, inequality, and poverty in rural China: the role of public investments [In Chinese]
In the past two decades, China has achieved world renown for reducing rural poverty. However, it is becoming harder to reduce poverty and inequality further in China, even though its economy continues to grow. This report compares the impact specific rural public investments can have on promoting growth and reducing poverty and inequality. Returns to these investments are calculated for the nation as a whole and for three economic zones in the west, central, and coastal regions of the country. Government expenditures that have the highest impact on poverty and growth include education, agricultural research and development, and rural infrastructure (roads, electricity, and telecommunications). Notably, spending on irrigation and anti-poverty loans had minimal impact. The report discusses the implications of these findings for setting future priorities for government investment. It also suggests avenues for future research and calls for a better understanding of how to improve the effectiveness of public resources. This report will be of interest to professionals involved in rural poverty reduction, rural development, agricultural growth, food security, and public investment policy. ; PR ; IFPRI1; GRP3; Theme 9; Public Policy and Investment
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The Paths to Youth Activism in Hong Kong: A Case Study of the Scholarism
本論文旨在探討香港青年參與社會運動的動機。近年,香港社會掀起青年積極參與社會運動的浪潮。學民思潮是最顯著的例子,這個由中學生組成的青年政治組織,於2012年發起了反對特區政府設立德育及國民教育科的社會運動。他們認為該科目有意向青年灌輸「洗腦式」的愛國教育,「反國教運動」成功動員近十二萬名市民包圍政府總部,最終驅使當局撤回方案。 ; 本論文與21位學民思潮的核心成員進行深入訪談,探討近年青年積極參與社會運動的原因。本論文旨在剖析曾被視為「政治冷感」的香港青年,在社會抗爭過程中扮演愈趨重要的角色之箇中原因。 ; 借用雲‧斯特克倫博赫和蓋德曼斯 (van Stekelenburg and Klandermans)提出的社會運動參與的雙路徑模式 (dual pathway model to protest),我們採用了社會心理學的理論以分析青年參與社會運動的動機及心路歷程。研究發現,青年抗爭者可歸納為兩大類:(1) 能動者類別,這類青年具政治能動性,採取工具性/ 社會社會鑲嵌的路徑參與社會運動﹔(2) 不滿類別,這類青年欠缺政治能動性,對政治抱懷疑態度,採取不滿路徑參與社會運動。本研究認為,在兩類的青年中,集體身體認同都對其社會運動參與扮演身重要角色,而對推動不滿類別,欠缺政治能動性的青年的影響至關重要。 ; Hong Kong has experienced an unprecedentedly high level of youth activism against government policy changes in recent years. The most prominent example is "Scholarism," a movement that was founded by secondary students that orchestrated a remarkable campaign against the government's proposal to establish the Moral and National Education curriculum in 2012. At one point, Scholarism activists claimed to have mobilized nearly 120,000 citizens in an "occupation" of government headquarters for ten days. They eventually forced the government to withdraw its proposal of what the Scholarists regarded as "brainwashing patriotic education." ; The present study is based on in-depth interviews with 21 core members of Scholarism movement, to examine the apparent "dawn" of youth political activism in Hong Kong. This thesis intends to solve the riddle of how young people in Hong Kong, who had been depicted as "political apathetic," were playing an increasingly significant role in social protest. ; Drawing on van Stekelenburg and Klandermans's dual pathway model of protest, the social psychological explanation is applied to understanding the motivational dynamics behind Scholarism. The main argument is that youth activists in Hong Kong can be categorized into two main clusters, which take two distinctive pathways to protest participation: (1) the efficacy cluster, which is steered by a sense of political efficacy and which follows the social instrumental/embeddedness pathway (in ...
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從興禮樂到觀生民: 論中唐樂府的復興與新變. ; 論中唐樂府的復興與新變 ; From rising rites and music to viewing people: the research on yuefu poem in the Mid-Tang dynasty ; Cong xing li yue dao guan sheng min: lun zhong Tang yue fu de fu xing yu xin bian. ; Lun zhong Tang yue fu de fu xing yu xin bian
本文以「從禮樂到生民:論中唐樂府的復興與新變」為題,試圖將中唐樂府放入當時思想、政治與文化的新格局中,探討其創作及觀念之特徵,並對盛、中唐之際的文學發展與中唐樂府的革新提出新的解釋。 ; 已往之研究往往強調中唐樂府「刺時」的一面,而歸因於中唐的政治狀況。但本文認為,就題材來說,中唐樂府並非僅有「刺時」的內容,亦有大量的風俗描寫; 就原因而言,政治固然是因素之一,然絶非唯一因素。其背後還涉及詩學觀念的轉向與文人身份的變化。 ; 本文指出,盛、中唐之際文人對於「風雅」或者「詩教」的觀念發生了變化。盛唐以前對「教化」的理解總與「禮樂」相伴,認為只要行禮樂便可以達到教化的目的,強調「禮樂」的作用自然凸顯《詩經》「上以風化下」的一端,而非「下以風刺上」的一面。至盛唐末期,這種觀念受到挑戰,文人對詩教的理解從頌讚的雅頌走向諷刺的國風,而最後刺時之文也獲得了正當性。中唐樂府的興盛與這種詩學觀念的轉變有著密切的關係。 ; 本文認為,中唐文人的政治身分變化與中唐樂府的變化亦有密切關係。初盛唐文人少做地方官,至中唐,長期擔任地方官的文人比例大增。他們在觀念上調和「儒」、「吏」關係,更多地認同「循吏」的價值與傳統,使得地方官文人與漢良二千石的傳統銜接。他們以「循吏」的眼光在地方進行創作,為樂府的「觀風」職能提供良好的背景。 ; 觀念的轉向、文人身份的變化,加之當時的政治狀況,造成了中唐樂府的興盛,也造就其獨特之特徵。本文對張籍、王建樂府在盛中唐樂府演變中的作用與地位提出了新的論述,認為張、王的樂府唱和,繼承、改造了盛唐李白和杜甫新、古題樂府的創作形式,體現了盛唐末年所開啟的「風雅」詮釋方式,而以興諷刺時作為樂府的主要內容,為其後的元、白樂府提供了借鏡。本文指出,中唐樂府雖然繼承了漢樂府「觀風」的傳統,但在題材內容上有所擴大。漢代,「樂府」作為中央官署,其「采詩」的主要目的是考察地方吏治,對於地方風土風俗則沒有太大興趣,但中唐樂府對此一題材卻有大量的書寫。「風俗」題材的興起與當代儒學關注點從「禮樂」轉向「生民」有關。「生民」既成為評判政治優劣的標準,「生民」的活動自然被納入創作的視野。論文認為,從文體角度說,中唐的樂府作者雖在主觀上排斥六朝傳統,但在樂府的命題以及表現方式上依然深受六朝的影響。 ; 論文還考察了與新樂府創作相應的一套詩學論述,發現中唐詩人提出了所謂樂府「正聲」的觀念,以對抗初、盛唐樂府的觀念。不僅如此,中唐的樂府觀念還與「史官」、「諫官」的意識相互滲透,使得本為詩歌所獨有的「采風」觀念擴散到詩歌以外的文類,而本為樂府所關注的獨特題材也進入其他文體的書寫當中。 ; This thesis focusing on Yuefuin the Mid-Tang dynasty,discusses its characteristicsin the new pattern of thought, politics and culture. The thesis tries to provide a new explanation for the literature development in the Mid-Tang. ; Existing researches often emphasized the relation between yuefu and political reality. However, political reality was not the only theme reflected in yuefu, the description of customs was included. Politic was not the mere reason. Literati's political identitywas changed and the existing tradition of "praise and criticize" from the Han dynasty was also transformed. ; The thesis pointed out that the idea of "Fengya" or "poetic education" was changed from the High-Tang to the Mid-Tang dynasty. "Civilization", usually relating to "rites and music", was considered to be successful in the High-Tang dynasty. Therefore, literature was encouraged to praise the dynasty while criticism was ignored. This idea faced ...
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