Icebergs, at present, are living a second life on screens. While they are one of the natural world's most photogenic objects, icebergs are also subject to modes of representation through parametric modeling applications. The purpose of this digital life on screens is largely confined to determining how, and under what conditions, icebergs can be made a source of potable water for the planet. Yet icebergs have a story to tell about the epistemological and economic production of northern natural resources. Distinct institutional actors, from oceanographers and military engineers to Saudi royalty and software design companies, have sought to control and come to know icebergs through specific practices of modeling. I argue that the representation of icebergs is a contingent practice that has often been bound up with processes of commodification. To come to know icebergs we have to come to know how these quintessentially polar phenomena have been represented and commodified, across the twentieth century and at a significant remove from the highest latitudes of the planet. The increasing pace of northern development, with natural resources at the vanguard of corporate and governmental incursions, signals the emergence of "media environments" that are extending the representation of (and control over) natural phenomena through a series of media technologies, from 3D modeling applications and collections of satellite data to virtual reality environments and predictive algorithms.
How do we take stock of the state and direction of the world's environment, and what can we learn from the experience? Among the myriad detailed narratives about the condition of the planet, the Global Environment Outlook (GEO) reports—issued by the United Nations Environment Programme—stand out as the most ambitious. For nearly three decades the GEO project has not only delivered iconic global assessment reports, but through its multitude of contributors has inspired hundreds of similar processes worldwide from the regional to the local level. This book provides an inside account of the evolution of the GEO project from its earliest days. Building on meticulous research, including interviews with former heads of the United Nations Environment Programme, diplomats, leading contributing scientists, and senior leaders of collaborating organizations, the story is told from the perspective of five GEO veterans who all played a pivotal role in shaping the periodic assessments. The GEO's history provides striking insights and will save valuable time to those who commission, design and conduct, as well as critique and improve, assessments of environmental development in the next decade.
Mobility - the movements of people, things, and ideas, as well as their associated cultural meanings - has been a key factor in shaping Canadians' perceptions of and interactions with their country. Approaching the burgeoning field of environmental history in Canada through the lens of mobility reveals some of the distinctive ways in which Canadians have come to terms with the country's climate and landscape. Spanning Canada's diverse regions, throughout its history, from the closing of the age of sail to the contemporary era of just-on-time delivery, Moving Natures: Mobility and the Environment in Canadian History examines a wide range of topics, from the impact of seasonal climactic conditions on different transportation modes, to the environmental consequences of building mobility corridors and pathways, to the relationship between changing forms of mobility with tourism and other recreational activities. Contributors make use of traditional archival sources, as well as historical geographic information systems (HGIS), qualitative and quantitative analysis, and critical theory. This thought-provoking collection divides the intersection of environmental and mobility history into two approaches. The chapters in the first section deal primarily with the construction and productive use of mobility technologies and infrastructure, as well as their environmental constraints and consequences. The chapters in the second section focus on consumers' uses of those vehicles and pathways: on pleasure travel, tourism, and recreational mobility. Together, they highlight three quintessentially Canadian themes: seasonality, links between mobility and natural resource development, and urbanites' experiences of the environment through mobility. ; The University of Calgary Press acknowledges the support of the Government of Alberta through the Alberta Media Fund for our publications. We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund for our publishing activities. We acknowledge the ...
The paucity of literature devoted to Trade Fairs and Exhibitions (TFE) is quite rernarkable, since thousands of firms invest annually millions for this purpose and over the entire world millions of people show by their visits to the events that they have a lively and active interest in the TFE medium. In marketing publications, which chiefly derive from the Anglo-Saxon countries, the TFE phenomenon is either left out or barely mentioned when dealing with the media types, let alone studied. An explanation for this could be that the TFE phenomenon in its various forms, especially in the 19th century played a dominant role and that since then, other media types have arisen which have taken over certain communicative tasks. As a result a train of thought is conceivable which regards the TFE medium as being out-dated or out-moded, and consequently not applicable within the framework of the sophisticated marketing policy of a firm. Another possible explanation for the absence of an exhaustive literature on the TFE as a marketing instrument is the circumstance that the USA was the first country where market orientated thought, through scientific application, became an integrated part of management policy. The medium in the USA possesses entirely different structural characteristics than is the case in West Europe. Consequently the need for literature in this specific field did not arise. This tact could possibly be an explanation for the void which one notices bath in trade and industry as well as in the case of marketing specialists regarding an adequate use of TFE as a marketing instrument. After all, the marketing techniques are generally studied with the aid of American literature. The present study is therefore intended not only for the said managers and marketing specialists, but also for those who study the media types, or make use of the TFE medium, or who are interested in the TFE simply as a socio-economie phenomenon. This study aims at providing a theoretica! explanation for the functioning of a social economie phenomenon, whose users appear to make use of it in an intuitive manner. The provision of such a theoretica!, generalizing and abstract approach leaves little space for a multiplicity of concrete specific digressions. Nevertheless, the latter could not always be avoi,ded, since to do so would have meant the danger of a too great degree of abridgement. The integration of a West European phenomenon into the Anglo-Saxon marketing literature met with a number of difficulties. In the first place the genesis and rapid development of the phenomenon took place chiefly 1in Germany, so that for the study of the literature generally German authors had to be consulted. An additional complicating factor is that German Betriebswirtschaftslehre as regards its way of thinking and conceptualization differs entirely from the Dutch schools of economics and to an even stronger extent trom the Anglo-Saxon schools of economics. The result of this is a certain amount of semantic confusion, which is further increased by differences within the TFE itself, i.e. diversity owing to pluriformity. lt therefore follows that an attempt at reducing these pluriform concepts to a common denominator is no easy task. Possible imperfections cannot therefore be absolutely excluded. This study is divided into tour parts. In Part 1, a short historica! account of the origin and development of the TFE is given, in which recent developments are also discussed. In Chapter 5, the Royal Netherlands Industries Fair at Utrecht has been chosen as a specific example of the genesis and development of a trade fair. In Part Il, within the framework of the marketing concept the structures etc. are discussed, which can have an influence on the operating and external form of the different types of the TFE. As an example of the effect of legislation on the TFE, the implications and consequences of the EEG legislation are analysed in Chapter 8. In Chapter 9 the questlon will be examined whether conversely there is an influence on the environment emanating from the TFE. In Part 111, which is devoted to a micro-economie account, the functioning of the TFE as a marketing instrument is examined, within the framework of a systems approach. Using field and desk research, an attempt is made to demonstrate that the TFE can be used as an effective marketing instrument. In Chapter 13 the place of the TFE in the marketing mix is further studied. In Chapter 14 attention is given to the evaluation of results, whilst in Chapter 15 a number of trends regarding actual participation in the TFE are described. To conclude, in Part IV the results are offered obtained by an investigation into the behavioural patterns of Dutch participants in the TFE. In conjunction with this, in Chapter 17 a comparative account is given of the results of West German and Dutch investigations into the behaviour and motivation of participants in the TFE. Finally it is pointed out that in order not to overburden the text, quotations have only been translated in full where absolutely necessary.
This paper proposes a conceptual framework in which the cultural environment is shaped by historical factors and, in turn, affects entrepreneurship and innovation in the long-term. To support this idea, we have described the scientific revolution that took place in Europe at the end of the Renaissance period, when social and religious tolerance, the power of the church and the attitude of elite groups towards scientific discovery spawned different cultural environments across European regions. In addition, using historical data at NUTS-3 geographical level in Europe, we estimated an econometric model to explore the long-term impact of regional knowledge base and creativity, two important aspects of the cultural environment, on actual economic drivers. The estimates suggest that the presence of universities in the past, our measure for historical knowledge base, and the number of scientists and inventors in the past, our measure for historical creativity, have a positive effect on current levels of regional entrepreneurship and innovation. The effects of creativity depend on the scientific field of the scientists and inventors. Il presente lavoro propone un quadro concettuale in cui l'ambiente culturale è modellato da fattori storici e, a sua volta, influisce sull'imprenditorialità e sull'innovazione a lungo termine. Per supportare questa tesi, abbiamo descritto la rivoluzione scientifica che ha avuto luogo in Europa alla fine del Rinascimento, quando la tolleranza sociale e religiosa, il potere della chiesa e l'atteggiamento delle élite verso le scoperte scientifiche hanno creato diversi ambienti culturali tra le regioni europee. Inoltre, utilizzando dati storici con un livello geografico NUTS-3 in Europa, abbiamo stimato un modello econometrico per esplorare l'impatto di lungo periodo della base di conoscenze e della creatività regionale, due aspetti rilevanti dell'ambiente culturale, su aspetti economici contemporanei. Le stime suggeriscono che la presenza di università nel passato, la nostra misura per la base di conoscenza storica, e il numero di scienziati e inventori nel passato, la nostra misura per la creatività storica, hanno un effetto positivo sull'imprenditorialità e sull'innovazione delle regioni. Inoltre, gli effetti della creatività dipendono dall'area scientifica di appartenenza degli scienziati e degli inventori.
My research is concerned with how the Postclassic Mexica people developed their unique perspective of history and environment in a dynamic cultural context. By focusing on the process of conceptualization of the Nahuatl word 'xihuitl', I analyze the way the Mexica expressed their cognition. Xihuitl covers a range of meanings: 'turquoise', 'grass', 'solar year', 'comet', 'preciousness', 'blue-green' and 'fire'. To group these meanings may seem odd because there is nothing to connect them that is intuitively obvious in the modern sense. I propose that xihuitl represents an aspect of cognition peculiar to the Mexica, and is linked especially to the economic, political and religious concerns of the Mexica elites. The meanings covered by xihuitl were not established at one time but were a product of history the history of the Mexica's experiences in and of their ever- changing environment. The correlations of the meanings of xihuitl can be explained from a structural point of view. However, structural analysis does not reveal the dynamic experiential processes that produced such correlations in the minds of the Mexica. In order to account for this dynamic aspect of the concept, I employ a theory drawn from cognitive science. This theory argues that the meanings and representations of a concept are metaphoric extensions that derive from the central sense of the concept. Applying this theory, I examine the metaphoric extension of each xihuitl representation from the central sense. I also analyze the four media of expression linguistic, iconographic, material and ritual in which representations of xihuitl occur. The representations of xihuitl in each medium embody a particular aspect of the concept. At the same time, the concept as a whole was affected by the Mexica conceptual system the way the Mexica saw their world rooted in the connections they believed existed between themselves and those who established earlier Central Mexican civilizations.
SDN Poris Pelawad 1 is a school located in one of the areas in Tangerang City, precisely in Poris Pelawad Village. Since the covid-19 outbreak, which requires all Indonesian citizens and even all over the world to apply WFH (Work Form Home) where the continuity of teaching and learning is also carried out online (In the Network) using media that we already recognize with the term zoom meeting or other media that saves usage. internet package, so that students in the learning process will produce a good ending. Learning is basically a process of interaction between educators and students, both direct (face-to-face) and indirect (learning activities using learning media in web applications). In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, teaching and learning activities are recommended to use an online learning model. The government has also provided assistance to students and educators in an effort to provide a free quota of 50GB every month, the level of the amount of the quota depends on the level of education as well, starting from elementary, junior high, high school to college, why is there a need for differences in the amount of quota distribution. Because each level requires different power, the higher the level of majority education, the more power needs that must be spent to achieve something that is expected. This study used an interview method to one of the teachers of SDN Poris Pelawad 1. The interview was conducted directly / offline by approaching the resource person.
As contemporary witnesses of the Holocaust in both family and institutional environments disappear, Holocaust Education has to deal with a radical change. A wide variety of digital, sometimes spatially-explicit, learning environments have been developed that could be called 'virtually interactive'. Only a few of these learning environments allow for research-based learning, and even fewer have been evaluated according to the aims of Holocaust Education itself, or with regard to the digital tools used. This contribution presents central aspects of an evaluation of a research- and geomedia-based learning environment. It was tested with students at various schools in Vienna's second district, specifically in the Stuwerviertel, which was a place of widespread deportation during the Nazi regime. In this paper, we concentrate on three domains: (1) the usability of currently available tools, (2) the emotional side of the research-based learning process, and (3) the contributions of the learning environment to the formation of the political subject.
The history of Spokane Falls's built environment within Washington Territory exemplifies the Pacific Northwest's resettlement and reconstruction in the nineteenth century. The initial benefit of Spokane Falls' geography existed within the primary natural advantage of the waterpower of the falls on the Spokane River. The secondary natural advantage in human-induced transportation networks allowed the settlement center-place status. Spokane Falls W.T. developed as center-places for the periphery's agricultural and mining commodities under a theoretical and structuralized [urban] model. An interpretation of the physical and geographical history of Spokane Falls's built environment from 1871 to 1891 occurred where the city's layout existed within the gird system of the speculative real estate market where geography was the original commodity throughout resettlement. Understanding these spaces' development is possible through the physical documents created simultaneously with the city's physical development. This method of research exposes the forms and methods undertaken in the primary physical development of Spokane Falls. Spokane Falls physically developed from a small frontier community of 350 individuals in 1880 to a small metropolis of 22,500 by 1891. Influenced by the federal government and her legislative acts, the Pacific North West's lands opened to European American resettlement, where geography became accounted for and marketed. With the cadastral survey and space accountability, the legalization of the speculative real-estate market occurred. Capitalist investors and entrepreneurs quickly descended upon the newly established market, hoping for a financial return. Industry developed on the falls where mills harnessed the waterpower, encouraging immigration by the working class into the region. As the city physically expanded, administrators alongside citizens documented the story of improvement. These documents created alongside the physical development allow for an interpretation of the built environment's construction. Documents like newspapers, Sanborn maps, and land plats illustrate the geographic distribution, construction materials, informal and formal development, and the speculative market. When applied alongside the theoretical understanding of urban development as understood at the end of the nineteenth century, collectively, the documents and theory illuminate the history of the physically built environment of Spokane Falls.
The features of the socio-cultural deformation and loss of human identity in modern society, caused by actively developing technologizing processes and continuous growth in consumption are shown in the modern economy. In these circumstances the formation of a harmoniously developed personality with the cultural-historical outlook that fits into the image of a multicultural person is of particular relevance.Federal government standard of higher education in the direction of bachelors training "Teacher education" establishes ideas of multiculturalism in a whole series of graduate competences: the ability to work in a team, to perceive social, cultural and personal differences tolerantly; the ability to identify and shape the cultural needs of different social groups.A special role in the process of formation of tolerant perception of social and cultural differences, respect for the historical heritage and cultural characteristics of the peoples is entrusted to the teacher of history. Multicultural focus of teacher training make such personal qualities as cultural pluralism.Formation of the personality of the future teacher in the conditions of anthropological turn in historical studies provides for its educational field study not only the events, phenomena and processes of the past, but also the mentality, the culture category of individuals and peoples, that contributes to the multicultural perception of history.
The features of the socio-cultural deformation and loss of human identity in modern society, caused by actively developing technologizing processes and continuous growth in consumption are shown in the modern economy. In these circumstances the formation of a harmoniously developed personality with the cultural-historical outlook that fits into the image of a multicultural person is of particular relevance.Federal government standard of higher education in the direction of bachelors training "Teacher education" establishes ideas of multiculturalism in a whole series of graduate competences: the ability to work in a team, to perceive social, cultural and personal differences tolerantly; the ability to identify and shape the cultural needs of different social groups.A special role in the process of formation of tolerant perception of social and cultural differences, respect for the historical heritage and cultural characteristics of the peoples is entrusted to the teacher of history. Multicultural focus of teacher training make such personal qualities as cultural pluralism.Formation of the personality of the future teacher in the conditions of anthropological turn in historical studies provides for its educational field study not only the events, phenomena and processes of the past, but also the mentality, the culture category of individuals and peoples, that contributes to the multicultural perception of history.
A newspaper column by Evan Barrett. Published newspaper columns written by Evan Barrett on this topic, which vary somewhat in content from this commentary, appeared in the following publications: Montana Public Radio, February 11, 2016 Livingston Enterprise, February 12, 2016 (download additional file below) Montana Standard, February 17, 2016 Great Falls Tribune, February 17, 2016 The Missoulian, February 17, 2016 Ravalli Republic, February 17, 2016
Abstract: Mass transportation and citizen mobility is one of the most relevant topics in urban planning nowadays. A brief analysis shows the importance of bicycle promotion as a mean of transportation not only for the low implementation costs, but also because of the environmental gains for the city and its inhabitants. This analysis is focused on bicycle promotion policies in Bogotá, Colombia, and states some brief conclusions about the next steps. Resumen: El transporte masivo y la movilidad de la ciudadanía es uno de los ítems más importantes a tener en cuenta en cuanto a planeación urbana. Un corto análisis muestra la importancia de la promoción del uso de la bicicleta como medio de transporte, no sólo por los bajos costos de implementación, sino por los logros medioambientales que benefician a la ciudad y a sus habitantes. El presente análisis se enfoca en las políticas de promoción del uso de la bicicleta en Bogotá, Colombia, y plantea unas cortas conclusiones así como pasos a seguir.
The potential benefits of integrating immersive realities into traditional humanities curricula have been touted over the last two decades, but budgetary and technical constraints of implementation have limited its adoption. However, recent advances in technology, along with more affordable hardware coupled with more user-friendly interfaces, have seen widespread adoption beyond that of the military and healthcare. In fact, higher education institutions are poised to adopt VR on a broader scale to enhance learning with virtual environments. This study seeks to determine the expectations and results of integrating virtual reality into coursework with students and faculty in Art History. The study surveyed students, first to ascertain the prevalence and familiarity of immersive reality technologies, as well as the perceived benefit of integration into curriculum. Next, surveys collected data on student experience relating to virtual reality assignments integrated into coursework for both face-to-face and online learners. The results provide a model for other institutions for a variety of disciplines to reinforce outcomes through strategic use of the technology.
