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Focus on Clause 25 of the 1990 Criminal Justice Bill prohibiting homosexual acts; some historical background.

The stigmatization of Caribbean postcolonial nation-states in the Western imagination as exemplifying some of the most homophobic nationalisms masks a more-nuanced reading of the complexities of Caribbean modernity. As such, the hardening of homophobic nationalisms in settings such as Trinidad and Tobago forces us to question how and why compulsory homophobia is deployed as a form of moral discipline that is made to seem compatible with postcolonial modernity. This article explores the "problem space" of state-sanctioned homophobia as a regulative and generative (not simply repressive) force in postcolonial nationstates. It first briefly theorizes how compulsory homophobia has become a mandate of state-popular affinity in the postindependent era that conditions the possibility of pluralistic consensus in the postcolonial nation-state. Within this context, the author further explores a historic court case involving the "wrongful arrest" and alleged strip search of an out gay subject by state police officials. Some analytic insights into the strip search and subsequent court case testimonies are offered with a view to understanding the regulatory and generative potentials of institutionalized homophobia. The implications of this case for an incipient LGBT activist platform are also discussed as an expansion of the complex debates about sexual citizenship and political community within the postcolonial condition.

Treball final de Màster Universitari en Estudis internacionals de Pau, Conflictes i Desenvolupament. Codi: SBG120. Curs acadèmic 2014-2015 ; This project facilitates a study on homosexuality and homophobia, Researched from an inter-disciplinary approach. The analysis on the origins of homosexuality and the root causes of homophobia are discussed by analyzing biological, genetic, social, economic, political influences that are either causes for homosexuality or root causes for homophobia. This project includes personal opinions as well as statistics, however the main aim is to provide an unbiased and objective approach, therefore mostly scholar's research work and statistics are used to support my claims. The practical part of the project is supported by the theoretical frame work, the practical aim of this project is to eliminate homophobia, by creating not only, tolerance, and acceptance, but most importantly understanding of the topic, root causes and effects on the LGBT community. The project could then be implemented in schools, or community settings in which the environment most of the time is already friendly, through relationships by family, friends, and (co)-workers.

A teacher rescues students from mutually reinforcing their homophobia by talking about her own sister, a lesbian, and then asking them to share family photo albums in the following class.

I analyze the relationship between homophobia/heteronormativity and slash fan fiction. Through reading and coding almost 6,000 pages of Kirk/Spock fan fiction written from 1978 to 2014, I illuminate shifts in how normative gender and sexuality are portrayed by K/S authors. Writers of K/S, while ostensibly writing about the 23rd century, consciously or unconsciously include cultural norms from the 20th and 21st centuries. Thus, slash becomes a lens through which readers can view a decrease in both homophobia and heteronormativity in US culture over the past several decades.

" Examining nine "case histories" that reveal the origins and evolution of homophobic attitudes in modern Russia, Dan Healey asserts that the nation's contemporary homophobia can be traced back to the particular experience of revolution, political terror and war its people endured after 1917. The book explores the roots of homophobia in the Gulag, the rise of a visible queer presence in Soviet cities after Stalin, and the political battles since 1991 over whether queer Russians can be valued citizens. Healey also reflects on the problems of "memorylessness" for Russia's LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) movement more broadly and the obstacles it faces in trying to write its own history. The book makes use of little-known source material -- much of it untranslated archival documentation -- to explore how Russians have viewed same-sex love and gender transgression since the mid20th century. Russian Homophobia from Stalin to Sochi provides a compelling background to the culture wars over the status of gay citizens in Russia today, whilst serving as a key text for all students of Russian social history over the last hundred years. "--

From government to literature to architecture, few fields in western culture are untouched by the influence of Ancient Greece and Rome. Even mores that may seem exclusively modern often have roots in the classical past. This book takes an in-depth look at the ancient roots of homophobia, including its Pythagorean origins and its eventual spread throughout the Roman Empire and, consequently, the rest of the world. Originally, male homosexuality occupied something of an honorable position in ancient Greece. By the end of the Roman period several centuries later, this attitude had changed so radi