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Studies in homosexuality, 4, Homosexuality and homosexuals in the arts
In: Studies in homosexuality 4
Studies in homosexuality, 12, Homosexuality and religion and philosophy
In: Studies in homosexuality 12
Socialism and Homosexuality
In: New politics: a journal of socialist thought, Band 12, Heft 2, S. 16-26
ISSN: 0028-6494
A contribution to a symposium on, "Gays & the Left," points out that sexual relations between men were praised in Ancient Greece & widely tolerated in Christian Europe until the late 12th century. A morality of compulsory heterosexuality emerged during the Industrial Revolution with the extension of the bourgeois family model based on patriarchal supremacy & strictly-defined gender roles. A look at attitudes toward homosexuality among socialists notes that Marx & Engels never actively criticized homophobia & the socialist press avoided the topic of homosexuality until gay liberation was temporarily extolled during the Bolshevik Revolution. However, homosexuality was criminalized under Stalin & gays were persecuted as "asocial" outsiders who represented a potential threat to the new system. This homophobia was reproduced in Communist parties throughout the world. Although much progress has been made, the strong resistance to equalizing marriage rights indicates the struggle for full sexual equality is far from over. Emphasis is placed on the need for socialists to lead the movement toward a populist, anti-capitalist party that advocates for gay rights. J. Lindroth
Freud and Homosexuality
In: Constellations: an international journal of critical and democratic theory, Band 6, Heft 1, S. 80-84
ISSN: 1351-0487
An examination of Sigmund Freud's relation to homosexuality argues that recent scholarly works calling Freud one of the foremost inventors of contemporary homophobia contain only a grain of truth. It is contended that Freud viewed homosexuality as normalizing vs pathologizing; ie, he considered heterosexuality the normal result of identity formation & did not see homosexuality as a sickness. Further, his view of homosexuality was universalizing, not minoritizing, because he was against isolating homosexuals as a separate class. However, his far harsher treatment of lesbians than gay men is evidence of his misogyny. While he denied any link between homosexual object choice & character inversion (effeminacy) in males, he saw lesbians as always mannish. It is concluded that efforts by analysts to "cure" homosexuality are decidedly anti-Freudian, maintaining that Freud came close to saying homosexuality was not in the range of any therapy. J. Lindroth
The biology of homosexuality
In: Oxford series in behavioral neuroendocrinology
"In this fascinating book, Jacques Balthazart presents a simple description of the biological mechanisms that are involved in the determination of sexual orientation in animals and also presumably in humans. Using scientific studies published over the last few decades, he argues that sexual orientation, both homosexual and heterosexual, is under the control of embryonic endocrine and genetic phenomena in which there is little room for individual choice. The author begins with animal studies of the hormonal and neural mechanisms that control the so-called instinctive behaviors and analyzes how this animal work may potentially apply to humans. The book does not focus exclusively on homosexuality, however. Instead, the book acts as a broader guide to the biological basis of sexual orientation, and also discusses important gender differences that may influence sexual orientation. While firmly grounded in the scientific literature, this text is developed for a broader audience and will be of interest to psychologists, researchers, students, and anyone interested in the biological factors that determine our sexuality"--
Greek homosexuality
Machine generated contents note: -- Foreword: The Book and Its Author (Stephen Halliwell, University of St Andrews, UK) -- Foreword: The Book and its Influence (Mark Masterson, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, and James Robson, Open University, UK) Preface -- Abbreviations I PROBLEMS, SOURCES AND METHODS -- 1 Scale -- 2 The Visual Arts -- 3 Literature -- 4 Vocabulary II THE PROSECUTION OF TIMARKHOS -- A The Law -- 1 Male Prostitution -- 2 Penalties -- 3 Status -- 4 Hubris -- B Manifestations of Eros -- 1 Defences against a Charge of Prostitution -- 2 Eros and Desire -- 3 Eros and Love -- 4 Following and Fighting -- 5 Homosexual Poetry -- C Nature and Society -- 1 Natura/Impulse -- 2 Male and Female Physique -- 3 Masculine and Feminine Styles -- 4 Pursuit and Flight -- 5 Courtship and Copulation -- 6 Dominant and Subordinate Roles III SPECIAL ASPECTS AND DEVELOPMENTS -- A Publicity -- B Predilections and Fantasies -- C Comic Exploitation -- D Philosophical Exploitation -- E Women and Homosexuality IV CHANGES -- A The Dorians -- B Myth and History Postscript, 1989 List of Vases -- Bibliography -- Index of Greek Texts and Documents -- Index of Greek Words -- General Index
Homosexuality in France
In: French politics, culture and society, Band 19, Heft 3, S. 108-119
ISSN: 1537-6370, 0882-1267