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With its ascendancy in American political discourse during the past few years, hope has become a watchword of politics, yet the rhetoric has failed to inquire into the actual function of hope in political life. This essay examines elpis, the Greek word for "hope," in Thucydides' History and offers a theoretical account of this concept and its connection to successful political action. I suggest that a complex understanding of hope structures Thucydides' narrative: Hope counts as among the most dangerous political delusions, yet it also offers the only possible response to despair. Thucydides' text educates the judgment of his readers, chastening hope while showing its importance despite its flaws. The History thus offers an alternative for considering the politics of hope, one that challenges hope's ardent proponents today. Adapted from the source document.

Since its introduction in the 1970s, hip-hop has become a way of life. This title takes an inside look at hip-hop culture. Hip-Hop Cultureexamines the roots of the four pillars of hip-hop--deejaying, emceeing, dance, and graffiti--and explores how they created a culture that burst into the mainstream and went global. Features include a timeline, a glossary, essential facts, references, websites, source notes, and an index. Aligned to Common Core Standards and correlated to state standards. Essential Library is an imprint of Abdo Publishing, a division of ABDO

It has been heartbreaking to watch the Afghan elections unfold. So much courage, so much hope, so much blood and treasure expended, and for what? A master class by Hamid Karzai's team in how incumbents win elections in poor-conflict-ridden countries. Adapted from the source document.

"This book explores the nature, value, and role of hope in human life under conditions of oppression. Oppression is often a threat and damage to hope, yet many members of oppressed groups, including prominent activists pursuing a more just world, find hope valuable and even essential to their personal and political lives. This book offers a unique evaluative framework for hope that captures the intrinsic value of hope for many of us, the rationality and morality of hope, and ultimately how we can hope well in the non-ideal world we share. It develops an account of the relationship between hope and anger about oppression and argues that anger tends to be accompanied by hopes for repair. When people's hopes for repair are not realized, as is often the case for those who are oppressed, anger can evolve into bitterness: a form of unresolved anger involving a loss of hope that injustice will be sufficiently acknowledged and addressed. But even when all hope might seem lost or out of reach, faith can enable resilience in the face of oppression. Spiritual faith, faith in humanity, and moral faith are part of what motivates people to join in solidarity against injustice, through which hope can be recovered collectively. Joining with others who share one's experiences or commitments for a better world, and uniting with them in collective action, can restore and strengthen hope for the future when hope might otherwise be lost"--