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AbstractThis article provides an overview of hostage negotiations, drawing upon historical cases and analyzing them from the perspective of negotiation theory. Various situational factors are studied, including the parties involved, hostage taker motivations and profiles, negotiator objectives and what is considered to be negotiable, the issue of legitimacy, and the negotiation context. The article also analyzes the dynamics of the negotiation process, addressing the different phases, hostage attitudes, information gathering, and the role of the media and public opinion. The intercultural and psychological dimensions of hostage negotiation are also addressed. The final section of the article considers end-game scenarios, and assessing the negotiation outcome of such complex and uncertain processes.

Investigatges police culture among Chicago (IL) Police Dept hostage negotiators & SWAT (Special Weapons & Tactics) team members, drawing on ethnographic fieldwork including observation & interviews. Hostage negotiators are presented with the difficult task of containing inflamed situations, reducing the danger to police & bystanders, preventing media contamination of the event, & convincing the hostage taker to surrender. These goals are achieved in a complicated process of changing the hostage taker's motive so that the drama is redirected away from tragedy. Since hostage takers exclude themselves from society, it is up to the negotiator to convince these individuals to reenter by identifying themselves with the society. This is made more difficult because many hostage takers are intent on playing out predetermined narratives they have consumed from the mass media. Success is achieved by making human contact with hostage takers, establishing a common ground, & offering them a pathway out of the media-dictated model of impasse. D. Ryfe

Because of his insights and innovative instructional methods, Fred Lanceley has been described as the most knowledgeable individual in the world in the field of crisis negotiations. A bestseller in its first edition, his book offers practical advice regarding the theory, procedures, and techniques of crisis and suicide intervention and hostage negotiation. Two new chapters cover how to negotiate with people under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol and how to contain the situation until a negotiator can arrive

An essential resource for anyone working against terrorism in any form it may take! Written for threat assessment professionals in the post-9/11 era, this timely book will help you understand the motivation to commit acts of terror, the thinking patterns common to many terrorists, the psychology of Muslim fundamentalists, methods for predicting the likelihood of chemical/biological attacks, and a great deal more. You'll learn about hostage/barricade situations and the role of the crisis negotiator, including victim/perpetrator psychology and factors that indicate progress is being mad.