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Introduction : a personal memoir : towards the study of imagology -- National stereotypes in literature in the English language : a review of research -- The theory of climate and the tableau of nationalities -- Foreign faces : physiognomy and the theory of climate -- The theory of climate in North American texts since 1776 -- Johannes Kepler, James Howell, and Thomas Lansius : the competition between European nations as a literary theme in the 17th century -- Transatlantic differences : (mis)perceptions in diachronic perspective -- Sketches of a traveler : observations on a dominant theme in Washington Irving's work -- Remarks on the tradition and function of heterostereotypes in North American fiction between 1900 and 1940 -- A separate identity asserted : agrarian affinities with European culture -- Atlantic double-cross : reciprocity of influence : Germany as an alternative model in the search for an American national identity, 1830 to 1930 -- Southern alumni of German universities : fashioning a tradition of excellence -- German ethnicity in the American south and the permeability of ethnic borders -- The rise and the demise of German and hybrid German-English in American (popular) culture -- Stereotypes in Walker Percy's fiction -- Elective affinities and biased encounters in the Alpine provinces of Austria -- Masks, minstrels and melancholy : from waltzing in the German Paris to descending into dreams of Decadence -- La joie-de-vivre et l'ombre des tombeaux : Vienna and Austira in Canadian literature -- Charme à l'Anglaise : on the image of the restless worldly-wise from England in the tableau of nationalities -- The rise of cultural nationalism in the new world : the Scottish element and example -- Stereotypes and sense of identity of Jewish southerners -- Self perception and presentation of Jewish immigrants in North American discourse, 1900-1940 -- Perfect revenge : observations on the image of Italy in England in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries -- Perspectives on the Mediterranean : Americans as transatlantic sojourners

Imagology, the study of national and cultural images as represented in textual discourse, is a fruitful approach for disciplines dealing with textual change, such as translation studies. Both imagology and translation studies have gradually extended their area of research, which has revealed growing commonalities. Journalistic texts have for instance been included in research that was previously almost exclusively dealing with literary discourse. Moreover interest in imagological research, sometimes related to the distribution of a promoted national or cultural self-image, has now also grown in countries outside of Europe. Future perspec­tives for findings on image spread through translation are offered through collaboration with existing research in sociology and psychology.

The article provides a critical analysis of imagology, revealing the link between imagological approach to the Other, on the one hand, and the traditions of the analytic philosophy, post-structuralist doctrines and the method of discourse analysis, on the other. We also consider the problem of imagology's correlation with historical poetics and investigate the role of imagology in solving some crucial political challenges for contemporary Europe, discovering the latent ideological nature of imagology. We also call for the introduction of a new notion, "imagopoetics".The foundational difference between imagology which studies the image of the other and comparative studies or historical poetics lies both in the aspect of image studies and its methodology. Imagology primarily concentrates on the social and ideological function of the image of the Other, its role in creating stereotypes and sociocultural and national particularity, while historical politics is interested in the structure and aesthetic operation of the image. Imagology's method is the post-structuralist discourse analysis, while historical poetics utilizes the comparative historical method. Analytical philosophy with its characteristic linguocentrism acts as a forerunner and philosophical background for discourse analysis.Imagology and historical poetics have different visions of literature. For imagology, literature is nothing more than a source and repository of the stereotypes of the Other. Literature here is devoid of mimetic and cognitive finctions, unlike the view of historical poetics, which is focused on the "spirit of the nation".By studying mechanisms and types of constructing sociocultural and ethnic identities, as well as the chances of recoding it by creating and spreading stereotypes, imagology has a very important poetical and cultural function for contemporary Europe – shaping the common European identity. ; В статье дан критический анализ имагологии, описана специфика ее методологии, показана связь имагологического подхода к изучению образа Другого с традициями аналитической философии, постструктуралистскими доктринами и методом дискурс-анализа.Рассмотрен вопрос о соотношении имагологии и исторической поэтики. Констатируется роль имагологии в решении некоторых важных политических задач современной Европы, раскрыта латентная идеологичность имагологии. Обосновывается целесообразность введения в научный обиход понятия «имагопоэтика».Принципиальное отличие имагологии, изучающей образ Другого, от исторической поэтики и компаративистики состоит как в избранном ей аспекте изучения образа, так и в методологии. Имагология изучает прежде всего социально>идеологическую функцию образа Другого, его роль в создании стереотипов и конструировании социокультурной и национальной идентичности, в то время как историческую поэтику интересует структура и художественно-эстетическое функционирование образа. Методом имагологии является постструктуралистский дискурс-анализ. Историческая поэтика использует сравнительно-исторический метод. Философской основой и предпосылкой дискурс-анализа стала аналитическая философия с характерным для нее лингвоцентризмом.Имагология и историческая поэтика исповедуют разные концепции литературы: для имагологии литература — лишь источник и резервуар стереотипов о Другом, не претендующий на миметическую и познавательную функцию, для исторической поэтики — выражение «духа нации».Изучая механизмы и способы конструирования социокультурной и национальной идентичности, возможности ее перекодировки посредством создания и распространения стереотипов, имагология выполняет важную для современной Европы политико-культурную задачу — формирование общеевропейской идентичности.

The article discusses historical imagology one of the areas of imagology in general. It analyzes the sources, which are essential and most often used in such studies. The historiography of the issue is briefly considered. This article for the first time in the research literature on historical imagology and imagology in general pays special attention to the object and subject of historical imagological works. Several approaches to determining the object of research have been identified. The subject of imagological research is examined in detail. The issue of factors affecting perception is raised. Attention is paid to the problem of image variability and stereotepization.

Being interdisciplinary, reflexive and analytical, theory has practical effects, questioning assumptions such as those related to discourse, meaning or identity, and exploring the circumstances in which texts are produced. It offers new conceptual tools and provides an argumentative method. Fields such as imagology have benefitted from the outset from the variety of theories reflecting the intellectual progress of their times, in particular in connection with the study of the relationship between Self and Other, thus providing new perspectives on the uses of preconceived ideas in artistic, written and visual, representations. In view of the current context of migratory flows and societal upheavals, it seems topical to examine the theories feeding the field of imagology today. Traditionally, history, psychology and sociology have proved instrumental in the building of essential notions pertaining to the sphere. More recently, studies have drawn on new approaches connected to reception, translation, gender and education studies, widening the imagological scope and its range of methodological tools. This article examines the nature of the imagological undertaking, its current spread worldwide, and shows how this comparative literary field upholds a cosmopolitan ethos.

THE SHIFT FROM IDEOLOGICAL POLITICS TO POLITICS DOMINATED BY THE MEDIA IS CHARACTERIZED BY KUNDERA AS THE RISE OF IMAGOLOGY. IN HABERMAS'S TERMS, IMAGOLOGY CONTRIBUTES TO THE SYSTEMATIC DISTORTION OF COMMUNICATION AND IMPOVERISHES POLITICS BY UNDERMINING CRITICAL PUBLIC REASONING. THIS PAPER ARGUES THAT DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY AS AN ANTIDOTE TO IMAGOLOGY ERRS BY ASSUMING THAT CRITICAL REASONING MUST TAKE THE FORM OF VERBAL ARGUMENTATION.

Imagology is a branch of comparative literature which explores the image of one nation in the literature of another nation. One Thousand Nights and One Night is among the important books which can show the image of different nations and people such as Indians, Iranians and Arabs. Since the oldest version of the book is in Arabic, it is considered an Arabic literary work though it was translated from a Persian tale in the first place. On this basis the study of the image of Iranians in One Thousand Nights and One Night can be included under the definition of imagology. In this article, first we explain, analyze and study the image of Iranians in the book One Thousand Nights and One Night with respect to 1. anthropology (including entertainments, personification of animals, disapprobation of lies and betrayal of spouses), 2. religious and mythical beliefs (including the belief in daevas and jinnis, magic, fire-worshipping and similar plots), 3. politics (emphasizing the position of vizier and his family in government), 4. economics (emphasizing economic prosperity), then we will compare the collected information with the image of Iranians in credited works and in this way we will identify the similarities and differences of Iranians' image in One Thousand Nights and One Night and the above-said literary works. Finally we come to this conclusion that the similarities belong to the real image of Iranians in the pre-Islamic days and that differences show the image of post-Islamic Iran which is added through Arabic translation.