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This article investigates the relationship between director networks and earnings quality in Malaysia. Using data on 4,416 individual directors who served on the boards of 745 firms listed on Bursa, Malaysia during 2011, we map the entire network of directors and generate measures to reflect the size and quality of information within the network. We find a negative and significant relationship between the overall connectedness of a director's network and the firm's earnings quality. In addition, we find a negative and significant relationship between the political connectedness of the director's network and earnings quality. Our results are robust for different measures of earnings quality.

This paper explains the conspiracy and involvement boss mine (coal) in several provincial elections (regents and governors) in South Kalimantan. As is known, the political landscape of post Soeharto New Order government that gave birth to democracy and radical change in the institutions of power, namely from the centralized power-authoritarian system to a democratic system of government has spawned a democratic transition which was prolonged until today. In the midst of a prolonged transition to democracy at this time, the arena of democracy has been hijacked and the stage of political and economic power has been controlled by entrepreneurs or local and national capitalist power by doing pesekongkolan between candidates authorities or local authorities that one of them through the local election process. The businessmen are involved as a supplier of funds to the local authorities candidate to win as a form of money politics and transactional politics. In some cases the local elections in South Kalimantan, such as the election of the regent and the governor, political practice is utilized with clarity and has already become a political culture that is structured within massive post-New Order government. Therefore, democracy is being woken up in Indonesia after the New Order.

Since the first election policy was enacted simultaneously, it does not mean that it does not have potential problems, instead it causes other problems, which require extra time and energy in doing recapitulation. Simultaneous elections consist of presidential elections, DPR elections, Provincial DPRDs, City / Regency DPRDs, DPD, the more they are elected, the more influential is the time of voting and the time of vote recapitulation. The longer the voting time is done by the voters, the longer the recapitulation time. The longer time of recapitulation results in the fatigue of KPPS members which triggers inaccurate work and prone to manipulation and fraud so that it can damage the quality of elections. This study aims to determine the estimated time needed for voting for ballots in elections using the Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach. The resulting time estimate is based on the time of the voter in the voting booth. The results of this study indicate that ANN with the Multilayer Perceptron Algorithm can calculate the estimated time required for ballot balloting by producing the best combination of learning parameters with 4 hidden neurons, learning rate 0.001, and 2000 epoch iterations resulting in an RMSE value of 108,015 seconds.

Since the first election policy was enacted simultaneously, it does not mean that it does not have potential problems, instead it causes other problems, which require extra time and energy in doing recapitulation. Simultaneous elections consist of presidential elections, DPR elections, Provincial DPRDs, City / Regency DPRDs, DPD, the more they are elected, the more influential is the time of voting and the time of vote recapitulation. The longer the voting time is done by the voters, the longer the recapitulation time. The longer time of recapitulation results in the fatigue of KPPS members which triggers inaccurate work and prone to manipulation and fraud so that it can damage the quality of elections. This study aims to determine the estimated time needed for voting for ballots in elections using the Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach. The resulting time estimate is based on the time of the voter in the voting booth. The results of this study indicate that ANN with the Multilayer Perceptron Algorithm can calculate the estimated time required for ballot balloting by producing the best combination of learning parameters with 4 hidden neurons, learning rate 0.001, and 2000 epoch iterations resulting in an RMSE value of 108,015 seconds.

The Indonesian government launched a new people's business credit program as part of a package of economic policy and deregulation. The interest rate is set lower than the average of the current loan interest rates, especially when compared with rural bank interest rates. To capture the social spatial aspects, quota sampling is applied to ten areas that divided based on the social culture. Further, the method utilized in this research is logit models, which designed to analyse the determinants of asymmetric information particularly on the rural bank and small micro enterprises. The study was conducted in East Java as the province with the largest number of rural banks in Indonesia. Based on the estimation of asymmetric information model to the respondent of rural banks and small businesses, the result shows that adverse selection can be avoided by strengthening the information about prospective borrowers. Regarding moral hazard, rural banks and small businessmen argued that the imposition of the collateral to the debtor has an important role to avoid moral hazard. Rural bank respondents stated that the KUR program with low-interest rates has affected their business development. The results implied the need of broadening the collaboration schemes between this people's business credit program and rural banks.

Global climate change and its associated risks are serious issues for almost all countries in the world. There are many growing evidences of a shift in climate patterns with flow on effects for established environmental, economic and social structures and systems. Governments around the world have embarked on programs designed to cut greenhouse gas emissions that Juel climate change, but momentum for shifts in climate patterns is already established. Therefore, it is important for governments and private decision makers to begin planning for its potential consequences, as a complement to current mitigation action aimed at slowing its progress. Indonesia is the 4th largest greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter globally, and is now leading the way as one of the first non-Annex I countries to make a significant voluntary commitment to cut its national greenhouse gas emissions by 26% (unilaterally) and 41% (with support.from the international community) by 2020. Indonesia's commitment to climate change action has been increasingly evident since 2007, when the country hosted the UNFCCC 13th Conference of the Parties in Bali and a high level meeting of Finance Ministers.

IMFI (Islamic Micro Finance Institutions) is a microfinance institution that can provide ease of access, especially for people who have SME ( Small and Medium Enterprises). The purpose of this study is to determine how the concept of cooperation network between the government, private sectors and universities in strengthening SME capital through IMFI. The method used in the study is a qualitative method using a discourse analysis data analysis technique. The result of this study indicates that the cooperation between the government, private sectors, and universities in strengthening the capital of SME through IMFI can be implemented using a linear collaborative of partnership model, while capitals that can be utilized such as RLF of government, CSR funds from the private sector (companies), program linkage with Islamic Banks, training and preparation of skilled workforces from universities to support the development of IMFI and SME.

Problems arising from the relationship between Islam (dîn) and politics (siyâsah) became the polemics among Muslim political thinkers that have not been completely solved up until now. Hence, it is difficult to identify which countriy such as Turkey, Egypt, Sudan, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Algeria, and Indonesia, that deserves to be a representation of an Islamic state. The consequence of different understandings about the relationship between Islam and politics – in the case in Indonesia- is the emergence of Indonesian Islamic State (NII). This movement attracted a number of responses from Indonesian Muslim intellectuals. Using a sociohistorical-politics approach in discussing these responses as they do not agree about the establishment of the NII, will lead to an understanding of coercion and oppression of understanding group that is different from other groups. ; Problems arising from the relationship between Islam (dîn) and politics (siyâsah) became the polemics among Muslim political thinkers that have not been completely solved up until now. Hence, it is difficult to identify which countriy such as Turkey, Egypt, Sudan, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Algeria, and Indonesia, that deserves to be a representation of an Islamic state. The consequence of different understandings about the relationship between Islam and politics – in the case in Indonesia- is the emergence of Indonesian Islamic State (NII). This movement attracted a number of responses from Indonesian Muslim intellectuals. Using a sociohistorical-politics approach in discussing these responses as they do not agree about the establishment of the NII, will lead to an understanding of coercion and oppression of understanding group that is different from other groups.

This study addresses the two-fold question of whether the integration-liberalization process of ASEAN is headed towards the creation of a single production base region, and how ASEAN links with other trade blocks. It looks into the degree of intra-ASEAN and extra-ASEAN vertical integration vis-à-vis North America, East Asia, and the European Union through the measurement of value-added creation-absorption in global value chains (GVC) and by locating ASEAN within vertical structures. The study employs an international input-output database and breaks up gross exports into different components of value-added using data from 1997, 2004, and 2012. ASEAN has made significant gains in integrating with East Asia. However, ASEAN as a single production region has gained little, and even lost share in value-added trade with NAFTA and Europe. The truth is that ASEAN has a stronger role across the GVC as a supplier of intermediate goods (33%) than as a supplier of final goods (30%). Vertical structures represent more than 43% of ASEAN gross exports, but it still depends on foreign parts and components (35%) to produce its exports. It may be argued that ASEAN + 6, which entails a wider scope of integration, might offer larger benefits to the ASEAN project.

The rise of corruption cases that occur in Indonesia today, if we see corruption cases in Indonesia every year is always increasing, not decreasing, this causes people to feel angry with corruptors. The percentage and network of corruption Angelina Sondakh of the Supreme Court Judge's Decision No. 1616k / Pis.Sus / 2013 is quite interesting to examine especially if we can see who the dominant actors are in this case, both from the planning process, the bidding process, the bid evaluation process, and implementation and evaluation. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach which illustrates the phenomenon of Angelina sondakh corruption case in the Supreme Court's Decision No. 1616 K / Pid.Sus / 2013. Descriptive analysis in this study uses the Nvivo 12 Plus software. Data from this study were sourced from the Supreme Court Decision No. 1616 K / Pid.Sus / 2013 and previous research relating to the Corruption of Angelina Sondakh. The results of this discussion The conclusions that the author can take from the presentation of the analysis above are based on the decision of the Supreme Court No. 1616 K / Pid.Sus / 2013 analyzed with Nvivo 12 Plus in general from the four processes above can be seen Corporate 9.05%, Government 7.62%, Political Parties 0.32% and Political Consultants 0%. Keyword: Corruption; Bribery; Network

Shooting incident on Preah Vihear Temple on February 2011 between Thailand and Cambodia military forces marked the fragility of ASEAN stability. It has been widely acknowledged that ASEAN member states has conflicting issues each other, commonly related to territorial boundaries. For Indonesia, which became ASEAN chairman in 2011, the conflict was a moment of testing Indonesia's leadership in ASEAN. This article aims at describing Indonesia's effort to mediate Thailand and Cambodia Conflict. Since ASEAN maintains its position not to involve in domestic affairs of every member. Based on Treaty of Amity and Cooperation and ASEAN Charter, Indonesia conducted shuttle diplomacy and facilitated many informal meeting to resolve the conflict. This case proofed that ASEAN way once again works in restraining violence conflict, although it did not address the root of the problem. ; Shooting incident on Preah Vihear Temple on February 2011 between Thailand and Cambodia military forces marked the fragility of ASEAN stability. It has been widely acknowledged that ASEAN member states has conflicting issues each other, commonly related to territorial boundaries. For Indonesia, which became ASEAN chairman in 2011, the conflict was a moment of testing Indonesia's leadership in ASEAN. This article aims at describing Indonesia's effort to mediate Thailand and Cambodia Conflict. Since ASEAN maintains its position not to involve in domestic affairs of every member. Based on Treaty of Amity and Cooperation and ASEAN Charter, Indonesia conducted shuttle diplomacy and facilitated many informal meeting to resolve the conflict. This case proofed that ASEAN way once again works in restraining violence conflict, although it did not address the root of the problem.

Kumpulrejo Village becomes the priority of Salatiga City in the sustainable village development based on the local potential of agrotourism. Kumpulrejo holds potential in livestock farming, nearly 80% of the population are dairy farmers. Suboptimal institutional capacity of the Livestock Farmer Groups in managing potentials results in problems regarding sustainable village development program in Kumpulrejo. The community's social capital is expected to significantly affect the Livestock Farmer Groups's institutional capacity strengthening. The present study aims to find out the affect of social capital on the institutional capacity strengthening with regard to argoturism-based sustainable village development in Kumpulrejo. The method that used was quantitative-descriptive, data obtained from questionnaires, observation, and interview. The sampling technique used by simple random sampling, to the 60 respondents. The study showed that social capital which consist of a trust, social network, and norms significantly affect to the institutional capacity strengthening by 57,9%. Partially, a trust did not hold significantly affect, while social network and norms significantly affect the institutional capacity strengthening of livestock farmer groups in Kumpulrejo Village.

Although trauma and public skepticism toward the military is still quite strong; though the sins of the military during the New Order freely beragai stripped naked in public space during the reform. In fact, military figures rose even more flying in many national level either party until the local level, both old and new parties. To face the new system of political contestation and the military is benefiting from a weakening factor of the consolidation of civilian political forces. Political parties and civic leaders increasingly anti Orba number berjibun be a dilemma. Elections are approaching need fresh energy to be the winner while they are still haunted by the various limitations of the cadre of crisis, financial crisis and the crisis of political networks. To rise, the former general has a genetic modalities required political parties and civic leaders that organizational discipline, a network of territorial and political violence. Political modalities of military culture is that interest civilian politicians because it can be replicated in consolidating the power of the party, although very risky memangun consolidation of democracy in Indonesia in the future. The choices here are to be assessed for reading the direction of the democratization of Indonesia.