Suchergebnisse

Responding to data breach incidents are a significant concern for businesses of all sizes and industry sectors. Recovering from these incidents is particularly challenging for small to midsize businesses (SMB) due to the limited support staff and institutional knowledge of incident response strategies for cyber attacks. Incident response is an organized approach to addressing and managing the aftermath of cybersecurity data breach attacks by information technology (IT) professionals. Military strategies present a unique opportunity for improving cybersecurity incident response. This case study examines incident response documentation of data breaches occurring at SMBs using the lens of military strategy. Industry best practices and the military strategies of Observe, Orient, Decide, and Act (OODA, Boyd, 1978) and The Art ofWar (Tzu, 5 BC) are used as frameworks for the analysis of cybersecurity incident response. The study seeks to answer the central research question of whether incident response for SMBs can be improved when a military strategy is employed.

Despite raising fears over the use of states' cyber capabilities as a tool of foreign policy, little empirical evidence is provided about its actual diffusion. Using a newly developed dataset collecting information on cyber interactions between rival states from 2000 to 2014, I analyse the evolution of the network of cyber incidents over the considered period by the mean of a Social Network Analysis approach. Results show that the level of cohesion in the network is low and the number of countries which does not make use of cyber tactics is high. Furthermore, Russia is emerging as the major offender while the USA is the most attacked country. Finally, geography appears to be a driving factor in influencing links formation.

Following the discovery of horsemeat in beef products in Europe in 2013, restoring consumers' confidence in processed meat products as well as in all the agencies involved - producers, food safety authorities, retailers - soon became a key priority. However, the European public's confidence in processed meat products and their views about government and industry actions to manage fraudulent practices in the wake of this incident are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to identify the core issues affecting consumers' confidence in the food industry, particularly in the meat processing sector, and to explore the impact of the horsemeat incident on consumers' purchasing and eating behaviour. It involved the use of an online deliberation tool VIZZATA™ to collect detailed views of 61 consumers in the UK and the Republic of Ireland. Many participants reported buying fewer products containing processed meat as a result of the horsemeat incident. These respondents also claimed that their confidence in processed foods containing meat was lower than before the incident. Participants suggested restoring consumer confidence through improved traceability, sourcing local ingredients, providing clearer and correct labelling and stating the origin of meat on pack. Overall, findings indicate that rebuilding consumer confidence in processed meat products following a food adulteration episode is a multifaceted and difficult process. Food authorities and the food industry can benefit from the insights provided by this study to address issues affecting consumer confidence and to improve their communication strategies during future food adulteration incidents.

This paper reports on research into the effectiveness of strategic commanders and their multi‐agency teams in response to major incidents. It is argued that current models of crisis leadership fail to establish a balance between the requirement for task skills, interpersonal skills, stakeholder awareness and personal qualities of commanders and their teams. The paper sets out a theoretical model for interwoven leadership combining these features.

During recent years, knowledge gaps on drinking water-related gastrointestinal illness have been identified, especially for non-epidemic cases. Pathogen contamination of drinking water during distribution has been suggested to contribute to these cases, but the risk factors are not yet fully understood. During 2014–2015, we conducted an epidemiological study in five municipalities in Sweden, to assess whether incidents in the drinking water distribution system influence the risk of gastrointestinal illness. Telephone interviews were conducted in the affected areas and in reference areas 7–14 days after a reported incident. Symptoms of gastrointestinal illness occurring during the period were documented for each household member. The results showed a significantly elevated risk of vomiting and acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) in the affected areas, compared to the reference areas (ORvom. = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.2–3.3; ORAGI = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2–3.0). Certain conditions, or risk factors, during the incidents, such as sewage and drinking water pipelines at the same level in the trench, were associated with an elevated risk of AGI and vomiting. Safety measures taken during repair work, like flushing, were also associated with an elevated risk of AGI and vomiting. These results show that incidents in the drinking water distribution network contribute to endemic gastrointestinal illness, especially AGI and vomiting, and that external pathogen contamination of the drinking water is a likely cause of these cases of gastrointestinal illness. The results also indicate that safety measures used today may not be sufficient for eliminating the risk of gastrointestinal illness. ; Funding details: MSB dnr 2012-172, MSB, Myndigheten för Samhällsskydd och Beredskap; Funding text: This study was funded by a Swedish non-profitable governmental agency, the Civil Contingencies Agency (grant number MSB dnr 2012-172).

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine 2,102 #MeToo tweets and focuses on the content of the tweets and social reactions to these tweets. For a subsample of 912 tweets that included disclosures of sexual assault or harassment, the incident type and context, along with coping were also examined.


Design/methodology/approach
#MeToo tweets were retrieved from a 24 h time period immediately after the initial tweet prompting responses. Both sentiment analysis and content and context analyses were performed.


Findings
Although the overall sentiment of tweets indicated a negative tone, the majority of positive social reactions indicated validation and belief of survivors, offered emotional support and called for social change. Targets who disclosed generally described workplace harassment and assertive coping responses.


Research limitations/implications
Sentiment analysis can be limited given a lack of context. Not all targets using #MeToo shared details of their harassment or assault; those who did reported using more assertive coping responses than traditional samples of survivors.


Practical implications
Social media platforms offer unique opportunities for targets to share personal stories and receive emotional and social support they may not have access in-person.


Social implications
#MeToo provided targets with a groundswell of social and emotional support, along with a less frequent amount of backlash against the movement.


Originality/value
A multimethod approach was used with both sentiment analysis and text coding to examine #MeToo, allowing for a description of types of incidents shared, coping strategies and social reactions.