Suchergebnisse

"Indigenous Rights in International Law" published on by Oxford University Press.

"Global Indigenous Rights and Resistance" published on by Oxford University Press.

The work, particularly Staying Alive: Women, Ecology, and Development (1989) of Vandana Shiva, an Indian writer, activist, feminist, & ecologist, is read as an instance of Third World feminist theory that draws on indigenous cultural traditions but has implications for mainstream feminist scholarship. Teresa L. Ebert's (1992/93) notion of theory is drawn on to discuss Shiva's arguments as an articulation of an alternative paradigm based on the epistemologies of rural women & peasants that integrates them into an oppositional political framework. According to Shiva, rural Indian women & men have been systematically marginalized through the displacement & devaluation of their indigenous knowledges by a profit-oriented Western development paradigm. How Shiva employs the notion of prakriti (nature, a feminine creative force) as it has been mobilized by the Chipko activists she studies is explored. Her critique is taken to represent an alternative conceptualization of the relation between people & nature founded on the indigenous as a subject of theory. D. M. Smith

Draws on descriptions of the uranium development process in Valerie Kuletz's The Tainted Desert (1998) to examine information compiled by survivors, activists, & others harmed by the nuclear industry that reveals tendencies to deny credibility & exclude data. Focus is on the impact of uranium development on indigenous people. Differences between understandings of nature by local/indigenous groups & government/scientific groups are explored to argue that the key difference is between those who hold an intersubjective view of nature, & those who "objectify" nature to epistemologically separate subject & object, nature & culture. A historical framework is provided for understanding how science has used a "mechanism of exclusion" to promote "progress" & unrestrained development. The local & indigenous people of the US Southwest who see Yucca Mountain, the Nevada Test Site, & NM's Grants Uranium Belt as nature that exists beyond being an object of scientific experimentation have been regularly excluded from the scientific discourse. The need to inject environmental & social justice into scientific constructions of nature is discussed. 17 References. J. Lindroth

"The author analyses higher education policies targeted at equal (or rather not so equal) opportunities for access into higher education for indigenous people in Australia, Canada, and Mexico. He discusses concepts of equity and social responsiveness and works out very wen that many measures undertaken to ensure equal access for indigenous people require them to adopt the norms and values of the majority culture. This, of course, is in stark contrast to an approach of self-determination. He finds an example of this in Canada where indigenous people have successfully fought to start their own universities and have them recognized as equal to the universities of the majority culture. This means that they control their own educational processes. Despite the fact that developments in Canada are not ideal and go all the way in shifting control and administration to the indigenous boards, such an approach acknowledges the difference without seeing it as inferior. The author also works out in a convincing manner that in countries where the higher education system serves purposes of nation-building, a 'different but equal' policy is perceived as separatist and threatening to the state. In his conclusions, the author proposes to develop the concept of an ethnically sensitive university that includes cultural diversity as a matter of content and collaborates with indigenous people in their struggle for justice and recognition." (excerpt)

"Nonhuman, More-Than-Human, and Post-Human International Relations and International Studies" published on by Oxford University Press.

"Visual Methodologies: Theorizing Disasters and International Relations" published on by Oxford University Press.

"Cultural Genocide in Law and Politics" published on by Oxford University Press.

"This chapter analyses the development of energy cooperation in the neighbourhood between the mid-1990's and today. Firstly, regional energy cooperation under three different frameworks, the Energy Community, the neighbourhood policy, and the Union for the Mediterranean, is studied. Secondly, this chapter analyses bilateral energy cooperation with three key neighbours: Algeria, Egypt, and Morocco. These differ in terms of market size, their relative energy interdependence with the EU, and the availability of indigenous energy resources. Importantly, this country sample also captures the major geopolitical features of the EU's external energy relations in the neighbourhood very poignantly: Algeria and Egypt are the two most important energy producing countries involved in cooperation with the EU, while Morocco is a key energy transit country towards Europe. Comparing engagement at the regional vs. the bilateral level, his chapter seeks to understand the nature of the commitments arising between the EU and its neighbours in the energy sector as well as the extent to which the EU is capable of building cooperation around its energy rules and policy-making institutions via functional cooperation. The central argument of this chapter is that energy cooperation in the neighbourhood demonstrates the EU's ambition to project its internal sectoral activities also externally, but that the resulting power of the Union to engage its partners in functional cooperation is still limited in the energy sector: the sectorspecific logic of external governance has an insufficient explanatory power in the case of energy cooperation. Especially at the bilateral level energy cooperation is strongly differentiated across countries-following macro-level rather than mesolevel dynamics." (author's abstract)

"While nonviolent techniques have been widely used by single-interest groups such as trade unions and anti-nuclear, indigenous or environmentalist movements, this chapter refers primarily to nation-wide campaigns by identity or national groups who are challenging internal oppression or external aggression and occupation, and are seeking either self-determination or civil rights in a truly democratic and multicultural state. The chapter is structured as follows: section 2 defines the concept of nonviolent resistance, its aims and methods, and compares its main characteristics with those of other approaches to conflict transformation. It also provides a brief overview of a range of terms usually associated with nonviolence, and their implications for theory and practice. In this chapter, the term 'nonviolent resistance' (henceforth also NVR) refers both to the process of social change through active nonviolence and to a specific set of methods of action for effecting change. Section 3 addresses the conceptual and empirical developments in the field of nonviolent resistance. It draws a distinction between two types of arguments, the so-called 'principled' and 'pragmatic' trends, which are often handled as polar opposites in the literature, but are treated here as complementary. When combined, they present nonviolent action as both an ethical and efficient strategy to effect socio-political change. The most significant nonviolent campaigns since WWII are also briefly listed, as well as recent developments in NVR training and uses of nonviolent techniques for third-party conflict intervention. The remaining two sections of the chapter offer a closer analysis of two processes of constructive conflict transformation through NVR, arguing that nonviolent struggles might support the goals of peacemaking and peacebuilding by transforming unbalanced power relations in preparation for conflict negotiations (section 4), and by using self-limiting conflict strategies that reduce inter-party polarization and encourage democratic practices (section 5). Empirical illustrations of these dynamics are provided through a case study of the first Palestinian intifada against the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip (1987-1993)" (excerpt)