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In: Comprehensive clinical psychology Vol. 10
In: The journal of conflict resolution: journal of the Peace Science Society (International), Band 60, Heft 2, S. 340-367
ISSN: 1552-8766
There is accumulating evidence that decision makers (DMs) are sensitive to the distribution of resources among themselves and others, beyond what is expected from the predictions of narrow self-interest. These social preferences are typically conceptualized as being static and existing independently of information about the other people influenced by a DM's allocation choices. In this article, we consider the reactivity of a DM's social preferences in response to information about the intentions or past behavior of the person to be affected by the DM's allocation choices (i.e., how do social preferences change in relation to the other's type). This article offers a conceptual framework for characterizing the link between distributive preferences and reciprocity, and reports on experiments in which these two constructs are disentangled and the relation between the two is characterized.
In: Frontiers of industrial and organizational psychology
In: Jossey-Bass business & management series
In: Jossey-Bass social and behavioral science series
In: Wiley handbooks in the psychology of management in organizations
In: The journal of conflict resolution: journal of the Peace Science Society (International), Band 14, Heft 3, S. 303-310
ISSN: 0022-0027, 0731-4086
Based on studies of the internat'l crisis of 1914, it is asked how much of the variation in the perceptions of the decisionmakers may be accounted for by the nature of the situation, diff's in the nation they represent, & by diff's between individuals acting on behalf of the same nation. Over 1000 statements by foreign policy-makers during the crisis leading to WWI were analyzed & scored on the basis of the intensity of perceived hostility, with the crisis divided into 2 major periods. The greatest amount of variation in perceptions of hostility is accounted for by the situational variable. Conclusions suggested are: (1) the range of variation among foreign policy leaders on pol'ly-relevant attributes is quite restricted; (2) 'definitions of the situation' by the 1914 leaders remained ambiguous right up to the outbreak of war; & (3) such definitions tend to converge as stress increases. Modified AA.
In: Wiley-Blackwell handbooks in personality and individual differences 1
"The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Individual Differences provides a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of recent research, current perspectives, practical applications, and likely future developments in the field of individual differences. Bringing together the work of top researchers in the field from around the world, this essential reference work covers methodological, theoretical, and paradigm changes in the area of individual differences. Separate chapters cover core areas of individual differences including personality and intelligence, biological causes of individual differences, and creativity and emotional intelligence. The unparalleled scope of this work makes it a must-have resource for advanced psychology students, academics, and practitioners"--
In: Perspectives on Individual Differences
In: Springer eBook Collection
Demonstrating that the magnitude and pattern of cardiovascular response to stress varies markedly between individuals, this work discusses the mechanisms by which the cardiovascular system is mobilized during stress, the determinants of individual differences, and the pathophysiological processes by which responses to stress may lead to cardiovascular disease. Behavioral scientists from a variety of disciplines will find the work pertinent to their research
Interest and research in personality and individual differences, in why people behave the way they do and the implications for life and living, remain unabated around the world. Human beings are fascinating in how they are similar to one another and how they are different. The similarities and differences underpin many implicit and espoused theories of behaviour and of personal and professional practice, informing the decisions that we all make on what we will do and when. This book demonstrates an emphasis on theoretical models and on clinical, forensic, organisational, cross-ideological and cross-cultural research.
In: The journal of conflict resolution: journal of the Peace Science Society (International), Band 14, Heft 3, S. 303-310
ISSN: 1552-8766
In: Political science quarterly: PSQ ; the journal public and international affairs, Band 38, S. 388-412
ISSN: 0032-3195
In: Political science quarterly: a nonpartisan journal devoted to the study and analysis of government, politics and international affairs ; PSQ, Band 38, Heft 3, S. 388-412
ISSN: 1538-165X
"The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Individual Differences provides a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of recent research, current perspectives, practical applications, and likely future developments in the field of individual differences. Bringing together the work of top researchers in the field from around the world, this essential reference work covers methodological, theoretical, and paradigm changes in the area of individual differences. Separate chapters cover core areas of individual differences including personality and intelligence, biological causes of individual differences, and creativity and emotional intelligence. The unparalleled scope of this work makes it a must-have resource for advanced psychology students, academics, and practitioners"--
In: Evans , A , Sleegers , W & Mlakar , Ž 2020 , ' Individual differences in receptivity to scientific bullshit ' , Judgment and Decision Making , vol. 15 , no. 3 , pp. 401-412 .
Pseudo-profound bullshit receptivity is the tendency to perceive meaning in important-sounding, nonsense statements. To understand how bullshit receptivity differs across domains, we develop a scale to measure scientific bullshit receptivity — the tendency to perceive truthfulness in nonsensical scientific statements. Across three studies (total N = 1,948), scientific bullshit receptivity was positively correlated with pseudo-profound bullshit receptivity. Both types of bullshit receptivity were positively correlated with belief in science, conservative political beliefs, and faith in intuition. However, compared to pseudoprofound bullshit receptivity, scientific bullshit receptivity was more strongly correlated with belief in science, and less strongly correlated with conservative political beliefs and faith in intuition. Finally, scientific literacy moderated the relationship the two types of bullshit receptivity; the correlation between the two types of receptivity was weaker for individuals scoring high in scientific literacy.
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In: Evans , A , Sleegers , W & Mlakar , Z 2020 , ' Individual differences in receptivity to scientific bullshit ' , Judgement and Decision Making , vol. 15 , no. 3 , pp. 401-412 . ; ISSN:1930-2975
Pseudo-profound bullshit receptivity is the tendency to perceive meaning in important-sounding, nonsense statements. To understand how bullshit receptivity differs across domains, we develop a scale to measure scientific bullshit receptivity - the tendency to perceive truthfulness in nonsensical scientific statements. Across three studies (total N = 1,948), scientific bullshit receptivity was positively correlated with pseudo-profound bullshit receptivity. Both types of bullshit receptivity were positively correlated with belief in science, conservative political beliefs, and faith in intuition. However, compared to pseudo-profound bullshit receptivity, scientific bullshit receptivity was more strongly correlated with belief in science, and less strongly correlated with conservative political beliefs and faith in intuition. Finally, scientific literacy moderated the relationship the two types of bullshit receptivity; the correlation between the two types of receptivity was weaker for individuals scoring high in scientific literacy.
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