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In: Psychological Reactance, S. 213-228
In: Losers' Consent, S. 73-89
In: Preventive stress management in organizations (2nd ed.)., S. 43-57
"The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Individual Differences provides a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of recent research, current perspectives, practical applications, and likely future developments in the field of individual differences. Bringing together the work of top researchers in the field from around the world, this essential reference work covers methodological, theoretical, and paradigm changes in the area of individual differences. Separate chapters cover core areas of individual differences including personality and intelligence, biological causes of individual differences, and creativity and emotional intelligence. The unparalleled scope of this work makes it a must-have resource for advanced psychology students, academics, and practitioners"--
In: Evans , A , Sleegers , W & Mlakar , Ž 2020 , ' Individual differences in receptivity to scientific bullshit ' , Judgment and Decision Making , vol. 15 , no. 3 , pp. 401-412 .
Pseudo-profound bullshit receptivity is the tendency to perceive meaning in important-sounding, nonsense statements. To understand how bullshit receptivity differs across domains, we develop a scale to measure scientific bullshit receptivity — the tendency to perceive truthfulness in nonsensical scientific statements. Across three studies (total N = 1,948), scientific bullshit receptivity was positively correlated with pseudo-profound bullshit receptivity. Both types of bullshit receptivity were positively correlated with belief in science, conservative political beliefs, and faith in intuition. However, compared to pseudoprofound bullshit receptivity, scientific bullshit receptivity was more strongly correlated with belief in science, and less strongly correlated with conservative political beliefs and faith in intuition. Finally, scientific literacy moderated the relationship the two types of bullshit receptivity; the correlation between the two types of receptivity was weaker for individuals scoring high in scientific literacy.
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In: Evans , A , Sleegers , W & Mlakar , Z 2020 , ' Individual differences in receptivity to scientific bullshit ' , Judgement and Decision Making , vol. 15 , no. 3 , pp. 401-412 . ; ISSN:1930-2975
Pseudo-profound bullshit receptivity is the tendency to perceive meaning in important-sounding, nonsense statements. To understand how bullshit receptivity differs across domains, we develop a scale to measure scientific bullshit receptivity - the tendency to perceive truthfulness in nonsensical scientific statements. Across three studies (total N = 1,948), scientific bullshit receptivity was positively correlated with pseudo-profound bullshit receptivity. Both types of bullshit receptivity were positively correlated with belief in science, conservative political beliefs, and faith in intuition. However, compared to pseudo-profound bullshit receptivity, scientific bullshit receptivity was more strongly correlated with belief in science, and less strongly correlated with conservative political beliefs and faith in intuition. Finally, scientific literacy moderated the relationship the two types of bullshit receptivity; the correlation between the two types of receptivity was weaker for individuals scoring high in scientific literacy.
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In: Perspectives on individual differences
In: Springer eBook Collection
1 Psychophysiology and the Measurement of Intelligence -- The Two Paradigms of Intelligence -- The Electroencephalogram and the Average Evoked Potential as Biological Correlates of IQ -- AEPs and Intelligence: Early Paradigms -- AEPs and Intelligence: Recent Paradigms -- Theory and Measurement -- References -- 2 Methodological and Statistical Techniques for the Chronometric Study of Mental Abilities -- Categories of Reaction Time -- Differences between Psychometric and Chronometric Data -- Most Relevant References in the Reaction Time Literature -- Types and Terminology of Reaction Time -- Analysis of Elementary Cognitive Processes -- Procedural Variables that Affect Reaction Time -- Chronometric Apparatus and Techniques -- Individual Difference Variables Derived from Chronometric Paradigms -- Intraindividual Variability in Reaction Time and Movement Time -- Statistical Treatment of Chronometrie Data -- References -- 3 Neuropsychological Approaches to the Study of Individual Differences -- Differences between Groups -- Differences among Individuals -- Concluding Comments -- References -- 4 Applications of the Kaufman Assessment Battery For Children to the Study of Individual Differences -- Overview of the K-ABC -- Sequential and Simultaneous Processing -- Ethnic Group Differences in Sequential and Simultaneous Processing -- Sex Differences in Sequential and Simultaneous Processing -- Developmental Differences in Sequential and Simultaneous Processing -- Research on Exceptional Samples -- Relationship of the K-ABC Mental Processing Scales to Other Tests -- Conclusions -- References -- 5 Applying Componential Theory to the Study of Individual Differences in Cognitive Skills -- Overview of Componential Analysis -- Qualification of Componential Model -- Reformulation of the Componential Model -- Generalization of the Componential Model -- Individual and Group Differences in Strategy -- Conclusions -- References -- 6 New Directions in Aptitude-Treatment Interaction Research -- Research Status -- The Need for Further Rapprochement between Psychology and Education -- Conceptualizing Aptitude-Treatment Interaction: Some Additional Perspectives -- Toward the Integration of Aptitude-Interaction and Educational Practice -- Concluding Comment -- References -- 7 Analysis of Interactions in Aptitude-Treatment Interaction Research -- Models -- Tests of Significance -- Design Considerations -- Errors of Measurement -- Uses of Johnson-Neyman Techniques -- Topics not Covered -- New Areas for Investigation -- Summary -- References -- 8 General Linear Models of Individual Differences -- Time as a Variable -- Tools for the Study of Individual Differences -- ANOVA versus Regression Analysis -- Fitting with General Linear Models -- Individual Differences Classified -- Individual Differences Based on a Single Variables -- Individual Differences Based on a Time-Dependent Variable -- Individual Differences Based on Two or More Independent Variables -- An Example of Longitudinal Data -- An Example of Cross-Sectional Data -- Final Remarks on General Linear Models -- References -- 9 Research Methods from Applied Behavior Analysis -- Behavior Analysis and Individual Differences -- Assessment within Applied Behavior Analysis -- Direct Observational Systems -- Behavior Analysis Research Designs -- Replication -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 10 Criterion-Referenced Assessment of Individual Differences -- Definitions and Uses of Criterion-Referenced Tests -- Norm-Referenced Testing versus Criterion-Referenced Testing -- Content Specifications -- Test Development -- Standard-Setting -- Psychometric Characteristics of Criterion-Referenced Test Scores -- Summary -- References -- 11 Path-Referenced Assessment of Individual Differences -- Origins of Path-Referenced Assessment -- Path-Referenced Assessment Technology -- Applications of Path-Referenced Assessment -- Future Directions for Path-Referenced Assessment -- References.
In: Analyses of social issues and public policy, Band 14, Heft 1, S. 217-238
ISSN: 1530-2415
One of humanity's most pressing problems is the inequality between people from 'developed' and 'developing' countries, which counteracts joint efforts to combat other large scale problems. Little is known about the psychological antecedents that affect the perception of and behavioral responses to global inequality. Based on, and extending, Duckitt's dual-process model, the current research examines psychological antecedents that may explain how people in an industrialized Western country respond to global inequality. In two studies (N1 = 116, N2 = 117), we analyzed the relationship between the Big Five and justice constructs, right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), social dominance orientation (SDO), and behavioral intentions to reduce global inequality. Two-group path analysis revealed support for the dual-process model in that RWA and SDO were important predictors of behavioral intentions and partially acted as mediators between personality and such intentions. Moreover, justice sensitivity explained variance beyond the 'classic' DPM variables. In Study 2, we additionally assessed individuals' global social identification and perceived injustice of global inequality that explained additional variance. Extending previous work on the dual-process model, these findings demonstrate that individual and group-based processes predict people's responses to global inequality and uncover potentials to promote behavior in the interest of global justice. Adapted from the source document.
In: Public administration: an international quarterly, Band 89, Heft 1, S. 95-105
ISSN: 0033-3298
AN ACCEPTABLE WAY OF REPRESENTING CONSISTENCY AS A MODERATOR VARIABLE USING INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IS THROUGH INTERACTION TERMS IN A SEQUENTIAL REGRESSION ANALYSIS THAT DEPARTS FROM THE TRADITIONAL MODERATOR MODEL, BUT RESULTS WITH SIMULATED DATA ARE MODEST. THE AUTHORS SUGGEST SEARCH FOR IMPORTANT MODERATOR EFFECTS IN FIELD OF PERSONALITY SHOULD BE GUIDED BY GENERIC IDEAS ABOUT SYSTEMATIC INTERACTIONS.
In: Journalism quarterly: JQ ; devoted to research in journalism and mass communication, Band 46, Heft 2, S. 267-273
ISSN: 0196-3031, 0022-5533
In: Journal of consumer behaviour, Band 12, Heft 1, S. 10-19
ISSN: 1479-1838
ABSTRACTThis study examines the role of individual difference variables in opportunistic claiming after service failure. Drawing on research in the conflict literature, social value orientation (SVO) and conflict style are investigated as possible influences. The results suggest that both SVO and conflict style impact the amount claimed and opportunistic behavior. This research provides additional insight into why claiming behavior varies even when consumers have the same experience. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How do individual differences interact with situational factors to shape social behavior? Are people with certain traits more likely to form lasting marriages; experience test-taking anxiety; break the law; feel optimistic about the future? This handbook provides a comprehensive, authoritative examination of the full range of personality variables associated with interpersonal judgment, behavior, and emotion. The contributors are acknowledged experts who have conducted influential research on the constructs they address. Chapters discuss how each personality attribute is conceptualized and ass
Do all you can to minimize dangerous behaviors to benefit communities, employees, and organizations!Safety is a "real world" problem that community psychologists, industrial/organizational psychologists, industrial hygenists, human resources professionals, and corporate insurance groups must deal with on a day-to-day basis. In Workplace Safety: Individual Differences in Behavior you will examine safety behavior and discover practical interventions to help increase the safety awareness of the people in your life. This book takes a look at ways of defining and measuring safety as well as a varie