Suchergebnisse

Intro -- INDOOR POLLUTION: TYPES, RISKS, AND FEDERAL POLICIES -- INDOOR POLLUTION: TYPES, RISKS, AND FEDERAL POLICIES -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 FEDERAL PROGRAMS RELATED TO INDOOR POLLUTION BY CHEMICALS -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- INDOOR POLLUTANTS AND HEALTH CONCERNS -- Combustion Byproducts -- Radon Gas -- Asbestos -- Lead -- Formaldehyde, PCBs, and other Industrial Chemicals -- Pesticides -- FEDERAL AUTHORITIES AND PROGRAMS -- Environmental Protection Agency -- Toxic Substances Control Act (15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.) -- Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (42 U.S.C. 9601 et seq.) -- Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.) -- Radon Gas and Indoor Air Quality Research Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 note) -- Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300f-300j-25) -- Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.) -- Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136-136y) -- Atomic Energy Act (42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.) -- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry -- Consumer Product Safety Commission -- Department of Defense -- Department of Energy -- Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA, 42 U.S.C. 6801 et seq.) -- Cleanup of Environmental Contamination -- DOE Research and Development -- Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) -- General Services Administration -- Department of Housing and Urban Development -- Occupational Safety and Health Administration -- Office of the Federal Environmental Executive -- Other Federal Agencies and the Interagency Committee on Indoor Air Quality -- Department of Transportation -- Department of Homeland Security -- Access Board -- Tennessee Valley Authority -- Architect of the Capitol -- Department of Commerce -- Department of Agriculture -- Committee on Indoor Air Quality -- State and Local Programs -- ISSUES

The Author reports more important phases from the beginning of housing to now: the indoor pollution time. Shelter is a basic need; humans re-quire protection against the elements, somewhere to store and prepare the food, and a secure place to raise offspring; but indoor environment is not always safe. It has been known since Hippocrates' time that housing con-ditions affect health. Today situation starts from the enormous growth of urbanization. At 1888 in Italy first legislation on health, including healthy building, has been issued. The prevention policies were based on local hygiene regula-tions. At present housing programmes of who stress the problem in con-sideration too of the great part of time that, in industrialized Countries, we all pass at home, in the indoor environment. Following the general introduction the Author relates on the features of indoor climate, that may be identical that out of doors, or may be modi-fied by heating, cooling, humidification and ventilation. Larger commentaries are reported on indoor pollution and its increasing by modern technology producing several new hazards. Physical, chemi-cal and biological indoor air pollutants, with their principal sources and health damages associated, are analyzed. In conclusion the Author shows some data from a research on indoor pollution in the houses of Rome. Key words: Indoor pollution - Indoor climate - Houses

Purpose: Indoor tanning is associated with an increased risk of developing skin cancer. In the United States, nearly 1 in 5 white women aged 18 to 25 are indoor tanners. This study elicited beliefs about tanning indoors and quitting/cutting back on indoor tanning. Design: Semi-structured interviews. Participants and Setting: Forty 18- to 25-year-old white females who engaged in frequent indoor tanning participated in either in-person or telephone interviews. Most were college students from southeastern Pennsylvania and Delaware. Method: A semi-structured interview was used to elicit beliefs about indoor tanning and quitting or cutting back. Data analyses using NVivo and multiple coders identified key themes about going and quitting/cutting back on indoor tanning. Results: Key themes stated as reasons for indoor tanning included improving physical appearance, social acceptance, increased confidence, and happiness. The main themes identified as advantages of quitting/cutting back on indoor tanning were to decrease skin cancer risk and save money. Perceived disadvantages of quitting/cutting back included themes of concerns about being pale and a decline in self-confidence. The prospect of saving money and warm weather were seen as facilitating quitting/cutting back. Conclusion: Findings suggest the necessity of addressing appearance concerns, psychological benefits associated with feeling more attractive, and short-term gains such as saving money. These findings provide a foundation for developing effective anti-indoor tanning communication.

Indoor Air Pollution has become a major topic in environmental research and health. Most people spend more than 80% of their time in buildings and are exposed to a broad range of pollutants from indoor sources like building materials, furniture, carpets and textiles, heating and cooking, household and consumer products, etc. The volume provides a comprehensive review on the major indoor air pollutants: volatile organic compounds, biocides, indoor particles and fibres, combustion products and micro organisms and their metabolites. Sources and sinks of air pollutants in indoor environments and their chemistry are distinctly different from ambient air pollution even though the latter may influence indoor air quality. Adsorption and desorption processes, the pollutant source dynamics, gas phase reactions and kinetics - including the fate and final chemical destiny of chemically unstable intermediate compounds - are topics of scientific research as well as the evaluation of their sensory impact and irritation potential. Guidelines for assessing indoor pollution and a broad range of analytical methods have been recently developed and are reviewed by internationally renowned scientists. The specific characteristics of indoor air pollution in developing countries due to the widespread use of open fires for cooking, heating and lighting are analysed as well as the Chinese strategies to address the growing pollution problems by air pollution in its modern building stock

Encompassing a thorough survey of the lighting techniques applied to internal illumination characterized by high efficiency, optimized color and architectural integration, a consolidated summary of the latest scientific, technical and architectural research is presented in order to give the reader an overview of the different themes with their interactions and mutual effects. This book describes light principles, methodologies and realisations for indoor illumination at low consumption. Power efficiency, color characteristics and architectural aspects are analyzed in terms of their practical application, with the interactions between scientific, technological and architectural features considered in order to supply a complete overview, which can be read both at technical level and at user level. Introducing photometric and radiometric quantities and laws, the book first discusses tests and measurements assessing lighting and color characteristics before examining in detail artificial light sources with particular attention paid to measures to reduce consumption and optimize efficiency. Key sources are illustrated with producers and suppliers with technical details and use specifications included. Serving to maximize reader insights into the use of sunlight - considering light transfer, application to indoor illumination and in particular to museum lighting - in the color rendering properties of light sources and the architectural aspects for natural indoor lighting, the final part of this boo collects other related but important elements including architectural issues, environmental integration and the possibility of changing the light color by introducing suitable coatings. The physiological effects of internal illumination quality on user comfort is discussed and several possibilities for energy saving using domotics are outlined.