Suchergebnisse

A system of sectoral and regional economy, as a special class in the regional
economy. The essence of systems branch and regional management as a scientific
abstraction is to allocate part of the national and regional economies in a particular
type of economic system, which includes structural elements as homogeneous
enterprise, relevant regionally localized markets and the relationship business.

The research aims at the establishment of main principles, priorities and directions of the environmental industrial policy development in the Russian Federation. Environmental industrial policy is considered as a part of the industrial policy aimed at the formation of highly technological competitive national industry providing for the transfer of the economy from the export of raw materials to the innovation type of development. The international experience of the implementation of industrial policies is analysed; it is shown that re-industrialisation leads to strengthening the role of the state regulation and planning both in developed and developing countries. Peculiarities of the international approaches to forming "green" industrial policy are considered. Main principles of the environmental industrial policy development in the Russian Federation are formulated as follows: (1) industrial modernisation providing for the resource efficiency enhancement and the reduction of the negative environmental impact and (2) recycling of waste (its return to the economic cycle). It is emphasised that the environmental industrial policy priorities reflect foremost national purposes and strategic objectives of the Russian Federation development.

The concept of regional industrial policy, its structure, interest of the government, municipal authorities, business and population concerning the content of the industrial policy, measures of influence of state on industrial development of the region are considered. ; В статье рассмотрены понятие региональной промышленной политики, структура политики, интересы государства, муниципальных органов, бизнеса и населения относительно содержания промышленной политики, меры воздействия государства на промышленное развитие региона.

Russian economy continues to remain in depression and enhancing scientific-technological lag in comparison with economically developed countries. In these circumstances the problems of structural transformation on the basis of re-industrialization and technological modernization become vital for further development. Implementation of different kinds of economic regulation and planning, as an important instrument of industrial policy, is the necessary condition for the solution of this task. In this regard, the experience of such regulation and implementation of different kinds of planning in particular, in foreign countries, seems to be of great importance. On the basis of theoretical researches and expert estimates of western and Russian economists, the author analyses the experience of implementation of indicative planning and other kinds of public economic regulation in France in the context of its possible use for solution of the problem of technological modernization of Russian economy.

The economic policy pursued in the Russian Federation since the early 1990s primarily aimed atstabilising the macroeconomic situation of the national economy through monetary and budgetary policies.This task was complicated by the changed realities in the global market conditions. The developmentand adoption by Russia of a number of concepts of the state industrial policy and specialised legislativeacts failed to prevent a critical drop in industrial production, and not only because of the lack offinancial security. The complexities of industrial development are largely explained by the domesticinvestment mechanism, which emerged during the reforms and aimed atmaximizing profits, and thusbecame subject to the monetary and financial flows concentrated in the speculative-intermediarysphere, regulated by the laws of monetarism and causing a decline in investment and innovationin thereal sector of the economy. Russia's adoption of a national and economic security strategy poses newchallenges in terms of increasing the potential of industry and, above all, its high-tech sector. ; Проводимая в Российской Федерации с начала 1990-х годов экономическая политика быланацелена преимущественно на стабилизацию макроэкономического положения национальнойэкономики за счет проведения денежно-кредитной и бюджетной политики. Данная задача услож-нялась изменившимися реалиями в условиях глобального рынка. Разработка и принятие Россиейцелого ряда концепций государственной промышленной политики и специализированных законо-дательных актов не смогли предотвратить критическое падение промышленного производства нетолько в силу отсутствия финансового обеспечения. Сложности промышленного развития во мно-гом обусловлены сформировавшимся в период реформ отечественным механизмом инвестирова-ния, который в качестве главной цели ставил максимизацию прибыли, тем самым оказался в под-чинении денежно-финансовых потоков, сконцентрированных в спекулятивно-посредническойсфере, отрегулированных по законам монетаризма и обусловивших спад инвестиций и инновацийв реальном секторе экономики. Принятие Россией стратегии национальной и экономической безо-пасности ставит новые задачи в части повышения потенциала промышленности и, прежде всего,ее высокотехнологичного сектора.

Обобщен мировой опыт реализации промышленной политики как индустриально развитыми, так и развивающимися странами. На основании достигнутых результатов государственного вмешательства в промышленный сектор определены детерминанты, наличие которых является необходимым условием для достижения успеха в данной области: ориентация на имеющиеся сравнительные преимущества либо формирование динамических сравнительных преимуществ путем технологического обучения в рамках структурной трансформации промышленности; политика протекционизма на стадии зарождения и роста отраслей; экспортно ориентированный характер промышленной политики; развитие технологической базы путем интеграции в глобальные цепочки добавленной стоимости и привлечения прямых иностранных инвестиций; инвестиции в человеческий капитал; устойчивая финансовая система; улучшение национальной институциональной среды и инфраструктуры. ; The article summarizes the world experience in the implementation of industrial policy by industrialized countries and developing countries. Based on the results of government intervention in the industrial sector, determinants have been identified that are essential to success in this area: focus on comparative advantages or creating dynamic comparative advantages through technological training in the framework of structural transformation, «infant» industries protectionism, the export-oriented industrial policy, technological development by integrating into global value added chains and attracting FDI, investment in human capital, a sustainable financial system, improvement national institutional environment and infrastructure.

Based on the market failure theory the author argues that market mechanism
is unable to undertake solid structural change in the national economics concluding that establishment of the governmental industrial policy is necessary. Mechanism of the "Dutch disease" with its local implications is disclosed. On the basis of
comparison of various industrial policy scenarios appropriate for the Russian economics the author defines the most suitable one.

The article emphasizes the relevance of the digital economy development as one of the most important directions of the fourth industrial revolution. It is significant for a breakthrough in science and technology, social and economic development. I prove that the industrial policy is a reliable instrument for supporting digital economy. The following factors define the priorities of industrial policy: the level of socio-economic development of the country, the existing model of economic development, an image of the country's future. I consider the evolution of the industrial policy priorities in Russia. In current situation, the essentially new priority is the support of digital economy. I find that pro-active digital economy formulation and management in collaboration of all branches of the government as well as the development of digital economy together with sector programmes and programmes of innovative development, etc. are of great importance. I have suggested steps, which could make the Industry Development Fund to support the new priorities connected with digital economy development. Furthermore, I have developed proposals on adjusting provisions, which define the possibility to apply special investment contracts for stimulating the digital economy development. I have defined the main directions of staffing the digital economy. The article emphasizes that «digital transformation of the industry» radically changes the idea targets and subjects of industrial policy. So-called related industries, as the association of goods, individuals, and technologies within the industrial system, the structures based on such special type of business models as technological platforms and the human needs become a new targets of the industrial policy. During the fourth industrial revolution, a system of interaction between federal and regional authorities and various business associations as well as civil society institutions becomes the main subject of industrial policy. This predetermines a multi-actor character of the industrial policy. The requirements to leaders of the state and business structures have increased. Therefore, their responsibility for preventing negative social and ethical consequences of the implementation of new technology solutions. © 2018 Economy of Region. All rights reserved. ; Представлены факторы, определяющие приоритеты промышленной политики. Подчеркнута значимость развития цифровой экономики как одного из важнейших направлений четвертой промышленной революции в осуществлении прорывного научно-технологического и социально-экономического развития. Выявлена эволюция приоритетов промышленной политики в России. Отмечены основные направления поддержки кадрового обеспечения цифровой экономики.

In Russia, Best Available Techniques (BAT) form the modern instrument of the environmental industrial policy. One should consider BAT from the positions of the environmental and economic regulation. In Russia, harmonization of priority measures of the industrial and the environmental policy aims at the sustainable economic growth, technological renewal and environmental improvement of the industry. In the nearest future, over eight thousand Russian enterprises will turn to the new BAT-based regulation system; they will need to meet new legislative requirements. To achieve this, many companies will need to attract substantial investments; the state will have to work out additional instruments of the financial support for the BAT implementation. The transition to BAT will be organizes of a phased basis; to evaluate results being achieved, it is needed to select indicators characterizing, on one hand, the industrial growth, and on the other hand - the improvement of the production environmental and resource efficiency as well as the gradual reduction of the negative environmental impact. A whole system of indicators is needed because each industrial branch and each region have their specifics caused by the structure of industry and by the state of the environment and natural resources. To analyse the results of the transition to BAT at various levels, experts in Best Available Techniques will be called on; the formation of the society of BAT experts has already begun.

The author proposes a periodization of industrial policy outlines the stages and presents a briefanalysis of their main content. The work considers a complex of management decisions taken by theparty regarding the military industry in the context of socio-economic and military-political events ofthat era. The evaluation of the Bolshevik experiment on building a socialist, command-bureaucraticmodel of economic management is given, and the reasons for its formation are examined. The articleshows the contradictory nature of the results of forced industrialization in the years of the first fiveyearplans, and the quality of the military-technical potential received is estimated. The transformationof the views of the Bolshevik party into the role of the military industry is shown: from a relativelyneutral one, conditioned by the need for stabilization, in anticipation of a «world revolution», to aclassical, Soviet approach that presupposed the paramount attention to the needs of military productionwithin the framework of building «socialism in a single country». ; Автором предложена периодизация промышленной политики, выделены этапы и представ-лен краткий анализ их основного содержания. Работа рассматривает комплекс управленческихрешений, принятых партией относительно военной промышленности в контексте социально-экономических и военно-политических событий той эпохи. Дана оценка большевистскомуэксперименту по построению социалистической, командно-бюрократической модели управ-ления экономики, рассмотрены причины ее формирования. В статье показан противоречивыйхарактер итогов форсированной индустриализации в годы первых пятилеток, дана оценкакачества полученного военно-технического потенциала. Показана трансформация взглядовбольшевистской партии на роль военной промышленности: от относительно нейтрального,обусловленного необходимостью стабилизации, в ожидании «мировой революции», до клас-сического, советского подхода, предполагавшего первостепенное внимание к нуждам военногопроизводства в рамках построения «социализма в отдельно взятой стране».

The strategic guideline for the Russian Federation, stipulated by the Strategy for Spatial Development, is to strengthen the connectivity of the economic space, modernize the sectoral structure, and stimulate the dynamics of the industrial production of the territories. The formation of a regional industrial policy, coordination with global scientific and technological priorities and the possibilities of the territories is considered as a driver of Russia's recovery growth. The article analyzes the experience of European countries, presents the evolution of the priorities of the industrial development strategy, systematizes effective tools and practices for updating the EU industry. The industrial policy of the EU is studied by the authors in two dimensions: 1) taking into account the integration goals and the potential of institutional support; 2) from substantive positions, in terms of priorities, tasks, mechanisms for the transformation of industry. The high elasticity of transformational changes in response to global challenges has been revealed: multiplicative enrichment of subject goals ("innovations – digitalization – resource-saving technologies – industrial ecology"); creation of a comprehensive toolkit focused on the complementarity of the industry of the EU coun-tries, focused on platform solutions, digital connectivity, environmental neutrality. The position on the pres-ence of out-of-country patterns and qualitative stages of modern industrial policy in countries and macro-territories with a heterogeneous economic space is substantiated, benchmarks of effective solutions are identified in the context of systemic government support for transformational changes in the industry of territories with different levels of development. The obtained conclusions can be used in the development of decisions in the field of state regulation of the industrial policy of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. ; Базовым ориентиром для РФ, закрепленным в Стратегии пространственного развития, является ...

Abstract of the book by V.V. Polikarpov about the Russian military-industrial policy in 1914-1917.

The newest stage of post-Soviet Eurasian economic integration associated with the large-scale tasks of making a breakthrough in the economic development of its participants, including the tools of the EAEU, imposes increased requirements for the content and quality of the integration agenda. At the same time, the imperative put forward by the governing bodies of the Union of compliance of the development goals with the operational objectives of maintaining the current macroeconomic stability of the Eurasian Union in the conditions of further growth of sanctions can no longer be a sufficient condition for the advanced development of the EAEU member States. In order to ensure economic growth at a faster pace of development and with a proper synergetic effect for the national economic complexes of the EAEU States, a fundamental basis in the form of a well-thought-out ideologically and structurally sound industrial policy is required.
In this context, the authors of the article touch upon such an essential element of the concept of this policy (the industrial policy of the EAEU, or the Eurasian industrial policy) as the criteria for jointly produced goods of the EAEU; an approach to its definition is proposed. Implementation of this approach, according to the authors, will create conditions for the development of mutually beneficial intra-Union production cooperation and import substitution, for a successful refraction to the post-Soviet realities of the relevant positive experience of the European Union.

Ключевые слова: группы интересов; Европейский союз; инструменты промышленной политики; лоббизм; международная интеграция; механизм согласования интересов; общая промышленная политика; согласование интересов. = Keywords: coordination of interests; European Union; industrial policy instruments; integrated industrial policy; interest groups; international integration; lobbying; mechanism for coordination of interests. ; В статье проводится исследование особенностей развития механизма согласования интересов субъектов промышленной политики, выработанного в ходе формирования общей экономической политики Европейского союза (ЕС). Выявлено четыре уровня согласования: корпоративный уровень (интересы национальных и международных субъектов хозяйствования); национальный уровень (текущие интересы национальных правительств стран-участниц); институциональный уровень (позиции управляющих институтов самого ЕС как интеграционного формирования); наднациональный уровень (общие интересы во внешней политике стран-участниц). Проведенный анализ показал, что эффективность процесса формирования и функционирования общей промышленной политики интеграционного объединения во многом зависит от эффективности механизма согласования интересов ее субъектов и возможности обеспечить их динамичный баланс. ; The article studies peculiarities of development of the mechanism for coordination of interests of the industrial policy entities elaborated within the course of formation of the EU integrated economic policy. 4 levels of coordination are distinguished: corporate level (involving national and international entities); national level (the current interests of the national governments of participating countries); institutional level (positions of the EU governing institutions as the integration formation); supranational level (common interests in the foreign policy of participating countries). The analysis shows that the effi ciency of formation and functioning of the EU integrated industrial policy highly depends on the effectiveness of the mechanism for coordination of interests of its entities and the opportunity to provide their dynamic balance.

The article emphasizes the need and outlines the ways of corporate relations between the mining and metallurgical segments of the mineral complex of Russia. These segments are designed to ensure the smooth and competitive functioning of the integrated process chain for the extraction of iron ore, its enrichment and production of metal products. The strategic guidelines for the development of the mining and metallurgical complex (MMC) are characterized, suggesting an increase in its diversity and innovation. The proposed instruments of the state industrial policy that stimulate the development of integrated technological chains in MMC. Recommendations on improvement of regulations of corporate policy in mining and processing plants focused on improvement of quality of integration interaction with the metallurgical enterprises are given. The principles of improving the strategic planning of companies in MMC, involving the activation of joint activities of mining and metallurgical enterprises within the integrated business.