Suchergebnisse

In the Roman Empire, the construction of roads, harbors, and aqueducts created an intersection of imperial and local interests that had political, administrative, and economic dimensions. The articles in this volume examine Roman administrative practice in the provinces with a particular focus on the communication and interaction between local communities and the emperor and his representatives.

Abstract. Society relies on infrastructure, but as infrastructure systems are often collocated and interdependent, they are vulnerable to cascading failures. This study investigated cross-infrastructure and societal impacts of burst water mains, with the hypothesis that multi-infrastructure failures triggered by burst water mains are more common in sandy soils. When water mains in sandy soils burst, pressurised water can create subsurface voids and abrasive slurries, contributing to further infrastructure failures. Three spatial data investigations, at nested scales, were used to assess the influence that soil sand content has on the frequency and damage caused by burst water mains (1) to roads in the county of Lincolnshire, (2) to other proximal water mains in East Anglia and (3) to other proximal infrastructure and wider society across England and Wales. These investigations used infrastructure network and failure data, media reports and soil maps, and were supported by workshop discussions and structured interviews with infrastructure industry experts. The workshop, interviews and media reports produced a greater depth of information on the infrastructure and societal impacts of cascading failures than the analysis of infrastructure data. Cross-infrastructure impacts were most common on roads, built structures and gas pipes, and they occurred at a higher rate in soils with very high sand contents.

Contents -- Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction: Importance of Urban Planning and Carbon Footprint -- 2 Theoretical Framework -- 2.1 General Methodology -- 2.2 Calculation Method -- 2.2.1 Drinking Water Facilities -- 2.2.2 Wastewater Management Infrastructure -- 2.2.3 Electricity Supply Infrastructure -- 2.2.4 Gas Supply Infrastructure -- 2.2.5 Waste Management Infrastructure -- 2.2.6 Transport Infrastructure -- 2.2.7 Carbon Footprint Accounting Resume -- 2.3 Indicators of Sustainability for the Carbon Footprint -- 3 Carbon Footprint Calculation -- 3.1 Generation and Consumption Data

Government agencies and businesses cooperate and invest heavily to achieve reliable and secure global supply networks. A so-called data pipeline, which integrates data from various parties in the supply chain and incorporates data from new tracking and monitoring technologies, would enable real-time data management for businesses. This IT infrastructure has a global scale, since it has to function both within and across countries and continents. Governments can use this data pipeline to improve the coordination of border management and reduce the administrative burden for businesses. Furthermore, businesses and government can collaborate to capitalize on modern IT and use the innovation for improving risk and data management. This paper explains a conceptual model of the data pipeline and its governance implications. As this global infrastructure cannot be built by government alone but needs to be largely realized by businesses, a public-private governance model is needed. Governments, and even supra-national institutions, would need to create the right technical, organizational, and legal environment (e.g. standards, harmonization of procedures, mutual recognition), and have to provide alternative incentives to stimulate the development of those parts of the pipeline that are without commercially viable business models. ; Infrastructures, Systems and Services ; Technology, Policy and Management

This edited collection is a major contribution to the current development of a 'material turn' in the social sciences and humanities. It does so by exploring new understandings of how power is made up and exercised by examining the role of material infrastructures in the organization of state power and the role of material cultural practices in the organization of colonial forms of governance. A diverse range of historical examples is drawn on in illustrating these concerns - from the role of territorial engineering projects in seventeenth-century France through the development of the postal system in nineteenth-century Britain to the relations between the state and road-building in contemporary Peru, for example. The colonial contexts examined are similarly varied, ranging from the role of photographic practices in the constitution of colonial power in India and the measurement of the bodies of the colonized in French colonial practices to the part played by the relations between museums and expeditions in the organization of Australian forms of colonial rule. These specific concerns are connected to major critical re-examination of the limits of the earlier formulations of cultural materialism and the logic of the 'cultural turn'. The collection brings together a group of key international scholars whose work has played a leading role in debates in and across the fields of history, visual culture studies, anthropology, geography, cultural studies, museum studies, and literary studies.

Comunicación presentada en el congreso "AGILE 2012. Bridging the Geographic Information Sciences", celebrado en Avignon del 24 al 27 de abril de 2012. Incluye un archivo comprimido en formato .zip con dos archivos en formato pdf, uno con el texto que formará parte de las actas del congreso y otro con el póster en tamaño DIN A0 que se expuso durante el mismo. ; One of the nine themes listed in Annex I of the INSPIRE Directive is "Protected Sites". The Protected Sites Data Specification has been developed by the Thematic Working Group on Protected Sites, focusing mainly on natural protected areas, connected to environmental data specifications under development in Annex III. What we present here is a Cultural Heritage Application Schema built as an interoperability framework for this particular kind of Protected Sites. It aims to offer a comprehensive support for heritage data publication via Spatial Data Infrastructures, trying to enable a complete management of all georeferenced Cultural Heritage data. ; This work has been partially supported by Spanish Government through the projects "Investigación en tecnologías para la valoración y conservación del Patrimonio Cultural" (CONSOLIDER INGENIO 2010 CSD2007-00058) and "Definición de un modelo para la representación de aspectos espaciales del Patrimonio" (National R&D Plan), and developed by a multidisciplinar team of experts in heritage, geomatics and other fields, gathered under the Spanish SDI Working Groups. ; Peer reviewed

Infrastructure systems are critical to support sustainable and equitable urbanisation, and infrastructure is becoming more prominent within urban spatial strategies. However, the fragmented governance and delivery of spatial plans and infrastructure projects create a challenging environment to embed planning goals across the planning, delivery and operation of infrastructure systems. There is significant uncertainty around future needs and the complex ways that infrastructures influence socio-spatial relations and political-economic processes. Additionally, fragmented knowledge of infrastructure across different disciplines undermines the development of robust planning strategies. Comparative analysis of strategic spatial plans from Auckland, Melbourne and Vancouver examines how infrastructures are instrumentalised to support planning goals. Across the three cases, the analysis identified four common infrastructural modalities: rescaling socio-spatial relations through targeted intensification, intra-urban mobility upgrades and containment boundaries; re-localising socio-spatial relations to the suburban scale with 'complete communities'; protection of 'gateway' precincts; and local planning provisions to support housing affordability. By examining infrastructure through a theoretical framework for suburban infrastructures, this analysis revealed how infrastructures exert agency as artefacts shaping socio-spatial relations and through the internalisation of political-economic processes. Each modality mobilised infrastructure to support goals of global competitiveness, economic growth and 'liveability'. Findings suggest that spatial strategies should take a user-focused approach to infrastructure to meet the needs of diverse urban populations, and engage directly with the modes of infrastructure project delivery to embed planning goals across design, delivery and operations stages. Stronger institutional mandates to control land-use and provide affordable housing would improve outcomes in these city-regions.

Examines efforts by the authoritarian government to develop technologically sophisticated information infrastructures while maintaining control of media and Internet content. With discussion of whether political and social views expressed on the Internet can become a force for organized change.

The idea of the public-private partnership (PPP) has become one of the dominant forces in public sector reform over the recent period. Its advocates have no doubt that it leads to a better future, particularly in the area of infrastructure development. But there are many critics who point out variously that the advantages are not nearly as great as the advocates assume, that the practice itself is not so new, that most of the infrastructure deals are not real partnerships, and indeed that the field is compromised by a massive confusion of meanings. Not surprisingly, a search has begun for a classificatory system which will help sort out the variety of arrangements now loosely described as PPPs and so aid better understanding of the field. This article traces these problems and developments in understanding. Adapted from the source document.