Suchergebnisse

The article presents an analysis of the regulation of educational supply and demand in French secondary education. It looks at the influence of political choices and the institutional and social logic they bring about in a deliberate or unintended manner, on institutions' competitive strategies and family choice strategies. Focusing on the processes used by institutional and social actors to safeguard their interests, in particular as regards maintaining or improving their position, the analysis of their interaction focuses on the role of statutory mechanisms in matching and power relations. ; This paper analyses the regulation of educational supply and demand in French secondary schools. It looks at the influence of policy choices – and the institutional and social logic they involve, whether intentionally or not – on establishments' strategies of competition and families' strategies of choice. Focusing on the processes that institutional and social players use to defend their interests, especially with regard to maintaining or enhancing their positions, the analysis of their interaction emphasizes the role that statutory mechanisms play in matching families and schools and in power relationships. ; The article presents an analysis of the regulation of educational supply and demand in French secondary education. It looks at the influence of political choices and the institutional and social logic they bring about in a deliberate or unintended manner, on institutions' competitive strategies and family choice strategies. Focusing on the processes used by institutional and social actors to safeguard their interests, in particular as regards maintaining or improving their position, the analysis of their interaction focuses on the role of statutory mechanisms in matching and power relations. ; L'article présente une analyse de la régulation de l'offre et de la demande éducative dans l'enseignement secondaire français. Il s'intéresse à l'influence des choix politiques et des logiques institutionnelles et sociales ...

461 p. ; Recently, some movements have been calling for the democratization of decision making spaces in international relations. Members of parliament have progressively become key actors in this scenario, organizing transnational deliberative forums intended to influence several domains of governmental action. This is also occurring at the regional integration level, with the European Union and its co-legislative parliament as the most prominent examples. In Latin America, on the other hand, the presidential tradition and intergovernmental character of regional initiatives have always relegated members of parliament to a secondary position. However, against all expectations, a parliament was created in Mercosur in 2006. How can this institutional choice be explained? This dissertation aims to analyze the reasons for the creation of the Mercosur Parliament (Parlasur) beyond the official discourse. In order to do so, it explores the combination of institutions, interests and ideas in determining political action. These factors are contextualized through policy process theories, which underline the role of timing, advocacy coalitions and inspiration in existing models in institutional change. This theoretical framework is then applied to the study of the four fundamental stages of the Parlasur building: the institutional development of the former Parliamentary Commission; the relations between the Mercosur and the European Union and the transfer of integration mechanisms; the critical moment when the Free Trade Area of the Americas was confronted by the new governmental ideologies; and the difficult institutionalization process that is being faced by the new parliament. This chronothematic analysis is intended to trace the path of explanatory variables in this institutional result, based on semi-structured interviews and observations carried out in Mercosur as well as in the European Union. ; Les relations internationales sont aujourd'hui confrontées à un mouvement en faveur de la démocratisation de leurs espaces ...

461 p. ; Recently, some movements have been calling for the democratization of decision making spaces in international relations. Members of parliament have progressively become key actors in this scenario, organizing transnational deliberative forums intended to influence several domains of governmental action. This is also occurring at the regional integration level, with the European Union and its co-legislative parliament as the most prominent examples. In Latin America, on the other hand, the presidential tradition and intergovernmental character of regional initiatives have always relegated members of parliament to a secondary position. However, against all expectations, a parliament was created in Mercosur in 2006. How can this institutional choice be explained? This dissertation aims to analyze the reasons for the creation of the Mercosur Parliament (Parlasur) beyond the official discourse. In order to do so, it explores the combination of institutions, interests and ideas in determining political action. These factors are contextualized through policy process theories, which underline the role of timing, advocacy coalitions and inspiration in existing models in institutional change. This theoretical framework is then applied to the study of the four fundamental stages of the Parlasur building: the institutional development of the former Parliamentary Commission; the relations between the Mercosur and the European Union and the transfer of integration mechanisms; the critical moment when the Free Trade Area of the Americas was confronted by the new governmental ideologies; and the difficult institutionalization process that is being faced by the new parliament. This chronothematic analysis is intended to trace the path of explanatory variables in this institutional result, based on semi-structured interviews and observations carried out in Mercosur as well as in the European Union. ; Les relations internationales sont aujourd'hui confrontées à un mouvement en faveur de la démocratisation de leurs espaces ...

My research program and research institution are embedded in French neo institutional analysis conduced by Claude Menard, Eric Brousseau & Jean Michel Glachant. My PhD tries to make clearer the different ways electricity reforms in Europe are produced with mainly a European revisited Mary Shirley World Bank [1995] framework. In my PhD four problems intend to be solved: The first one tries to make clearer what is an electricity reform? In order to deals with this problem I try to show all the dimensions of this market creation in traditionally integred firms. According mainly to the work of P. Joskow I show that the choice of electricity reform is a bet in term of transaction cost analysis. The market reforms want to heavily reduce costs of production by introducing innovations and new investments. But this market reforms induce a higher level of transaction cost in coordination of electricity activities. The second tries to define the attractiveness of electricity reform in Europe according to the different stakeholders. In doing so, I intend to show that this different forms of attractiveness gives a sort of Path dependencies of national reforms in Europe.The third problem in my research program deals with the feasibility of electricity reform in Europe. The huge diversity of institutional environments in the countries studied from United Kingdom to the German case need to introduce an analytical framework able to show the relation between centralisation of powers and the way the reform is produce. In this point, I show that more the powers are centralised and more the reform is vertically imposed, and more the powers are decentralised more the reform is negotiated with all the stakeholders identified in the second point. The last problem deals with the problem of credibility of the new institutional arrangement introduced to manage the sector. I define the problem of credibility as a trade off between stability of rules and flexibility of decisions according to unknown problems issued from exogenous chocks ...

My research program and research institution are embedded in French neo institutional analysis conduced by Claude Menard, Eric Brousseau & Jean Michel Glachant. My PhD tries to make clearer the different ways electricity reforms in Europe are produced with mainly a European revisited Mary Shirley World Bank [1995] framework. In my PhD four problems intend to be solved: The first one tries to make clearer what is an electricity reform? In order to deals with this problem I try to show all the dimensions of this market creation in traditionally integred firms. According mainly to the work of P. Joskow I show that the choice of electricity reform is a bet in term of transaction cost analysis. The market reforms want to heavily reduce costs of production by introducing innovations and new investments. But this market reforms induce a higher level of transaction cost in coordination of electricity activities. The second tries to define the attractiveness of electricity reform in Europe according to the different stakeholders. In doing so, I intend to show that this different forms of attractiveness gives a sort of Path dependencies of national reforms in Europe.The third problem in my research program deals with the feasibility of electricity reform in Europe. The huge diversity of institutional environments in the countries studied from United Kingdom to the German case need to introduce an analytical framework able to show the relation between centralisation of powers and the way the reform is produce. In this point, I show that more the powers are centralised and more the reform is vertically imposed, and more the powers are decentralised more the reform is negotiated with all the stakeholders identified in the second point. The last problem deals with the problem of credibility of the new institutional arrangement introduced to manage the sector. I define the problem of credibility as a trade off between stability of rules and flexibility of decisions according to unknown problems issued from exogenous chocks ...

My research program and research institution are embedded in French neo institutional analysis conduced by Claude Menard, Eric Brousseau & Jean Michel Glachant. My PhD tries to make clearer the different ways electricity reforms in Europe are produced with mainly a European revisited Mary Shirley World Bank [1995] framework. In my PhD four problems intend to be solved: The first one tries to make clearer what is an electricity reform? In order to deals with this problem I try to show all the dimensions of this market creation in traditionally integred firms. According mainly to the work of P. Joskow I show that the choice of electricity reform is a bet in term of transaction cost analysis. The market reforms want to heavily reduce costs of production by introducing innovations and new investments. But this market reforms induce a higher level of transaction cost in coordination of electricity activities. The second tries to define the attractiveness of electricity reform in Europe according to the different stakeholders. In doing so, I intend to show that this different forms of attractiveness gives a sort of Path dependencies of national reforms in Europe.The third problem in my research program deals with the feasibility of electricity reform in Europe. The huge diversity of institutional environments in the countries studied from United Kingdom to the German case need to introduce an analytical framework able to show the relation between centralisation of powers and the way the reform is produce. In this point, I show that more the powers are centralised and more the reform is vertically imposed, and more the powers are decentralised more the reform is negotiated with all the stakeholders identified in the second point. The last problem deals with the problem of credibility of the new institutional arrangement introduced to manage the sector. I define the problem of credibility as a trade off between stability of rules and flexibility of decisions according to unknown problems issued from exogenous chocks or endogenous problems embedded in the new regulatory framework Spiller [2002]. This trade off needs to introduce in the definition of credible institutional arrangements two different mechanisms: the first one has the goal to solve the problem of stability by introducing or enforcing existing safeguards structures; the second deals with the solutions of adaptation problems of the regulatory framework. I show that this to dimension has to be built in a complementary fashion to produce an effective regulatory structures. ; En l'absence d'un modèle reconnu de réforme, il est crucial de confronter les analyses théoriques aux faits, et de pouvoir comparer entre elles plusieurs expériences de réforme électrique (ici : l'Angleterre, pionnière des réformes concurrentielles, l'Espagne et l'Allemagne). Je montre que ces deux enjeux de l'analyse néo-institutionnelle des réformes se jouent en trois étapes successives. 1° Lors d'une première étape, celle de « l'attractivité des réformes », on peut déterminer et mesurer des « profils nationaux de redistribution » entre gagnants et perdants pour un type donné de réforme électrique. 2° une fois évaluée l'attractivité, on définit la « faisabilité d'une réforme » par l'intensité des contraintes industrielles et institutionnelles qui pèsent sur la transformation des cadres réglementaires et des structures industrielles portée par ce type de réforme. 3° Enfin, dans la dernière étape, se joue la « crédibilité des réformes », qui exprime la capacité à long terme des nouvelles structures de gouvernance à contenir le « triangle d'opportunisme » à chaque pas de la réforme, tout en gardant une capacité d'adaptation aux aléas.

In this dissertation, the reliability of environmental provisions is assessed through a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods to ensure a triangulation of the results. Firstly, the study of their disclosure by the French listed companies reveals its insufficiency and its degradation over the period of 2005-2010. Secondly, both compliance tests to Benford's law and multiple regression analyses do not undermine the reliability of environmental provisions disclosed by the same sample of French listed companies. These results contrast with previous research validating the use of discretionary environmental provisions to smooth earnings and to limit the emergence of political costs. Thirdly, the multiple case study conducted through semi-structured interviews with actors of these groups explains the reliability of environmental provisions by the one from their assessment process and the important institutional pressure that surrounds it. Therefore, the results of this dissertation suggest that some accounting choices that can discretionary affect earnings are better explained by institutional pressure than by the willingness of managers to improve their personal situations. ; Dans cette thèse, la fiabilité des provisions comptables environnementales est évaluée par une combinaison de méthodes de recherche quantitatives et qualitatives dans une perspective de triangulation des résultats. Tout d'abord, l'étude de la divulgation de ces provisions par les groupes cotés français révèle son insuffisance et sa dégradation sur la période 2005-2010. Ensuite, l'utilisation de tests d'adéquation à la loi de Benford pour les montants comptabilisés au bilan et de régressions multiples pour les impacts au résultat ne permettent pas de remettre en cause la fiabilité des provisions environnementales divulguées par le même échantillon de groupes cotés français. Ces résultats contrastent avec ceux des recherches antérieures validant l'utilisation discrétionnaire des provisions environnementales pour lisser le ...

In this dissertation, the reliability of environmental provisions is assessed through a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods to ensure a triangulation of the results. Firstly, the study of their disclosure by the French listed companies reveals its insufficiency and its degradation over the period of 2005-2010. Secondly, both compliance tests to Benford's law and multiple regression analyses do not undermine the reliability of environmental provisions disclosed by the same sample of French listed companies. These results contrast with previous research validating the use of discretionary environmental provisions to smooth earnings and to limit the emergence of political costs. Thirdly, the multiple case study conducted through semi-structured interviews with actors of these groups explains the reliability of environmental provisions by the one from their assessment process and the important institutional pressure that surrounds it. Therefore, the results of this dissertation suggest that some accounting choices that can discretionary affect earnings are better explained by institutional pressure than by the willingness of managers to improve their personal situations. ; Dans cette thèse, la fiabilité des provisions comptables environnementales est évaluée par une combinaison de méthodes de recherche quantitatives et qualitatives dans une perspective de triangulation des résultats. Tout d'abord, l'étude de la divulgation de ces provisions par les groupes cotés français révèle son insuffisance et sa dégradation sur la période 2005-2010. Ensuite, l'utilisation de tests d'adéquation à la loi de Benford pour les montants comptabilisés au bilan et de régressions multiples pour les impacts au résultat ne permettent pas de remettre en cause la fiabilité des provisions environnementales divulguées par le même échantillon de groupes cotés français. Ces résultats contrastent avec ceux des recherches antérieures validant l'utilisation discrétionnaire des provisions environnementales pour lisser le ...

In this dissertation, the reliability of environmental provisions is assessed through a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods to ensure a triangulation of the results. Firstly, the study of their disclosure by the French listed companies reveals its insufficiency and its degradation over the period of 2005-2010. Secondly, both compliance tests to Benford's law and multiple regression analyses do not undermine the reliability of environmental provisions disclosed by the same sample of French listed companies. These results contrast with previous research validating the use of discretionary environmental provisions to smooth earnings and to limit the emergence of political costs. Thirdly, the multiple case study conducted through semi-structured interviews with actors of these groups explains the reliability of environmental provisions by the one from their assessment process and the important institutional pressure that surrounds it. Therefore, the results of this dissertation suggest that some accounting choices that can discretionary affect earnings are better explained by institutional pressure than by the willingness of managers to improve their personal situations. ; Dans cette thèse, la fiabilité des provisions comptables environnementales est évaluée par une combinaison de méthodes de recherche quantitatives et qualitatives dans une perspective de triangulation des résultats. Tout d'abord, l'étude de la divulgation de ces provisions par les groupes cotés français révèle son insuffisance et sa dégradation sur la période 2005-2010. Ensuite, l'utilisation de tests d'adéquation à la loi de Benford pour les montants comptabilisés au bilan et de régressions multiples pour les impacts au résultat ne permettent pas de remettre en cause la fiabilité des provisions environnementales divulguées par le même échantillon de groupes cotés français. Ces résultats contrastent avec ceux des recherches antérieures validant l'utilisation discrétionnaire des provisions environnementales pour lisser le ...

In this dissertation, the reliability of environmental provisions is assessed through a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods to ensure a triangulation of the results. Firstly, the study of their disclosure by the French listed companies reveals its insufficiency and its degradation over the period of 2005-2010. Secondly, both compliance tests to Benford's law and multiple regression analyses do not undermine the reliability of environmental provisions disclosed by the same sample of French listed companies. These results contrast with previous research validating the use of discretionary environmental provisions to smooth earnings and to limit the emergence of political costs. Thirdly, the multiple case study conducted through semi-structured interviews with actors of these groups explains the reliability of environmental provisions by the one from their assessment process and the important institutional pressure that surrounds it. Therefore, the results of this dissertation suggest that some accounting choices that can discretionary affect earnings are better explained by institutional pressure than by the willingness of managers to improve their personal situations. ; Dans cette thèse, la fiabilité des provisions comptables environnementales est évaluée par une combinaison de méthodes de recherche quantitatives et qualitatives dans une perspective de triangulation des résultats. Tout d'abord, l'étude de la divulgation de ces provisions par les groupes cotés français révèle son insuffisance et sa dégradation sur la période 2005-2010. Ensuite, l'utilisation de tests d'adéquation à la loi de Benford pour les montants comptabilisés au bilan et de régressions multiples pour les impacts au résultat ne permettent pas de remettre en cause la fiabilité des provisions environnementales divulguées par le même échantillon de groupes cotés français. Ces résultats contrastent avec ceux des recherches antérieures validant l'utilisation discrétionnaire des provisions environnementales pour lisser le ...

The slow pace of privatization in Romania : An analysis of the behavior of public actors.
Privatization has not had very pronounced results in Romania as compared with other central and eastern European countries. In 1995, less than 8 % of the nominal capital of government-owned businesses was privatized. By analyzing institutional structures and the behavior of public actors (political authorities, bureaucrats or managers in state -run firms), the theory of public choice uses endogenous reasons to account for the slow pace of the privatization process in Romania. After a description of the legal framework of privatization in Romania and of statistics illustrating the difficulties encountered, the public choice theory is then used to treat public authorities' behavior as an endogenous factor and see it - through the institutional choices that are made - as a brake on privatization. Given the many institutional impediments still in place in Romania despite a recent law for speeding up privatization, questions crop up about the prospects of transferring public assets.

Reforms introduced into local government with the objective of improving services have two aims that may be perceived as conflicting: efficiency & participation. An analysis of the implications of service improvement should concentrate on local "public goods" (ie, the kind of support services sometimes called "social utilities") -- on their nature, supply, & production. Certain local institutional characteristics that would be most suitable for the purpose of service improvement can be inferred. Certain authors who adopt this course anticipate a quasi-market model for local government services; but, critical examination shows that this model is not appropriate. A preferable model called "community coresponsibility" is presented. Modified HA.

This research aims to understand the financial innovation process and model adopted by large commercial banks and large FinTech firms operating in China. A qualitative study based on process model, extended case-method and multiple case-study approach are applied in this research,. Six case-study banks are selected based on "maximum difference" approach to identify themes and patterns based on pair and pragmatic comparisons. The primary theories applied are innovation and institutional change theories. The choice of innovation model is affected by the case-study bank's institutional structure,ownership, trajectory, business model, regulatory approach and innovation objectives. Each firm undertakes a different path of institutional change and collectively affect the overall institutional arrangement. Regulation can be catalyst or hindrance to financial innovation, depending up on the degree of coherence between the banks' innovation strategy and local government policy. Performance pressure helps drive innovation, whereas organizational bureaucracy and trajectory are major barriers to innovation. ; Cette recherche vise à comprendre le processus et le modèle d'innovation financière adoptés parles grandes banques commerciales et les grandes entreprises FinTech opérant en Chine. Une étude qualitative basée sur le modèle de processus, la méthode des cas étendus et l'approche des études de cas multiples est appliquée. Six banques sont sélectionnées sur la base de afin d'identifier les thèmes et les modèles basés sur des comparaisons par paire et pragmatiques. Les principales théories appliquées sont celles de l'innovation et du changement institutionnel.Le choix du modèle d'innovation est affecté par la structure institutionnelle, la propriété, latrajectoire, le modèle d'entreprise, l'approche réglementaire et les objectifs d'innovation de la banque étudiée. La réglementation peut être un catalyseur ou un frein à l'innovation financière, selon le degré de cohérence entre la stratégie d'innovation des banques et la ...

This research aims to understand the financial innovation process and model adopted by large commercial banks and large FinTech firms operating in China. A qualitative study based on process model, extended case-method and multiple case-study approach are applied in this research,. Six case-study banks are selected based on "maximum difference" approach to identify themes and patterns based on pair and pragmatic comparisons. The primary theories applied are innovation and institutional change theories. The choice of innovation model is affected by the case-study bank's institutional structure,ownership, trajectory, business model, regulatory approach and innovation objectives. Each firm undertakes a different path of institutional change and collectively affect the overall institutional arrangement. Regulation can be catalyst or hindrance to financial innovation, depending up on the degree of coherence between the banks' innovation strategy and local government policy. Performance pressure helps drive innovation, whereas organizational bureaucracy and trajectory are major barriers to innovation. ; Cette recherche vise à comprendre le processus et le modèle d'innovation financière adoptés parles grandes banques commerciales et les grandes entreprises FinTech opérant en Chine. Une étude qualitative basée sur le modèle de processus, la méthode des cas étendus et l'approche des études de cas multiples est appliquée. Six banques sont sélectionnées sur la base de afin d'identifier les thèmes et les modèles basés sur des comparaisons par paire et pragmatiques. Les principales théories appliquées sont celles de l'innovation et du changement institutionnel.Le choix du modèle d'innovation est affecté par la structure institutionnelle, la propriété, latrajectoire, le modèle d'entreprise, l'approche réglementaire et les objectifs d'innovation de la banque étudiée. La réglementation peut être un catalyseur ou un frein à l'innovation financière, selon le degré de cohérence entre la stratégie d'innovation des banques et la ...

La présente étude s'inscrit dans une logique de recherche d'un style de management approprié à l'Afrique subsaharienne en général, et à l'Afrique de l'Est plus spécifiquement. Partant des grandes approches managériales dans le domaine de la GRH reprises dans la littérature, nous tentons d'identifier le style managérial qui s'adapte mieux à la réalité et aux exigences auxquelles sont soumises les organisations internationales qui travaillent en Afrique subsaharienne en général, et celles œuvrant dans la Région des Grands-Lacs en particulier. Nous nous focalisons sur les organisations du secteur non marchand présentes dans cette région marquée par d'interminables conflits et guerres fratricides à caractère ethnique, une instabilité politique, une fragile démocratie ou une faillite quasi totale de l'Etat. Notre problématique consiste à comprendre l'influence du contexte culturel et institutionnel dans le choix ou l'adoption de telle ou telle autre approche de Management des ressources humaines par les ONG internationales au Burundi. Dans ce pays, les grandes valeurs qui marquent la culture nationale sont notamment l'attachement à la famille, la confiance discrète et le dialogue comme mode de résolution de conflits entre des personnes ou groupes de personnes. Ainsi, tenterons-nous de répondre à la question centrale suivante: Des contextes culturels et institutionnels différents peuvent-ils affecter la cohérence des pratiques de GRH et l'intégration de celles-ci dans la stratégie globale de l'organisation? Pour y répondre, nous adoptons une méthodologie qualitative à travers une étude de cas et une analyse exploratoire des données issues d'interviews semi-directives et d'observations directes réalisées sur terrain au Burundi. Les résultats de cette étude penchent davantage vers un style managérial négocié qui se situe entre l'imposition du style managérial du pays d'origine et la soumission au style de management local. Notre étude se termine par la formulation d'un certain nombre d'hypothèses qui seront, par la suite, validées ou infirmées dans nos études ultérieures à la suite d'une analyse plus approfondies de données empiriques portant sur plusieurs ONG internationales. ; Peer reviewed