This scientific study examines the concept of dynamic security in penitentiary institutions in Lithuania. The current practice of dynamic supervision and its implementation in Lithuanian penitential institutions is systematically analyzed. This research is based on both generalized international standards and practice, and empirical data collected within the framework of targeted research. The data were obtained directly by the researcher visiting individual penitentiary institutions and conducting a semi-structured interviews with the personnel. The research study analyzes the current dynamic security model and the legal regulation of dynamic supervision introduced in Lithuania. The study focuses also on the discussion on the functions of dynamic supervision officers and the assessment of their readiness to perform dynamic supervision. The research allowed to provide targeted recommendations for different stakeholders: policy makers, legislators and to the Department of Prisons and penitentiary institutions for improvement of regulation and for further development and implementation of the concept of dynamic security in the Lithuanian penitentiary system.
Aim of the study. To analyze the opportunities of co-operation between health care institutions and the state controlling institutions. Methods. The survey of workers of Kaunas county health care institutions was accomplished during 2009 December - 2010 February. Questionnaires were filled-in and returned by 68 respondents of the 55 Kaunas county health care institutions (response rate 66,7%). For the assessment of the statistical relationships Chi square (χ2) criteria was used; Z-test was used for the comparison of two proportions. Differences were considered as statistically significant at p<0,05 level. Results. Kaunas county health care workers (86,8%) mostly collaborate with regional sickness insurance funds, at least with Lithuanian medical ethics committee (4,4%). Health care workers assess work of the state controlling institutions: very good (5,9%), well (38,2%), an average (51,5%), negative (4,4%). Cooperation with the state controlling institutions is preceded several times a month. Information is often transferred by e-mail to the state controlling institutions. Older workers and men often co-operate with the state controlling institutions in non-formal way. Respondents who are satisfied in supervising with the state controlling institutions are more satisfied with aspects of the issues. Only one third of the respondents received information from the state controlling institutions timely. Respondents under the age of 35 and over the age of 43 years were satisfied with the efficiency of solving problems. Health care workers emphasized the lack of information related to legislation. Health care workers employed in private institutions are not looking for new ways or forms of co-operation with the state controlling institutions. Cooperation could be improved by using innovative information technologies. Health care workers indicated the need for the common data base with the state controlling institutions. Conclusions. Most of the respondents co-operate with regional sickness insurance funds, at least with of Lithuanian medical ethics committee. The majority of the health care workers assessed the state controlling institutions as an average. Most of the respondents are not satisfied with flexibility of the state controlling institutions in solving problems.
Aim of the study. To analyze the opportunities of co-operation between health care institutions and the state controlling institutions. Methods. The survey of workers of Kaunas county health care institutions was accomplished during 2009 December - 2010 February. Questionnaires were filled-in and returned by 68 respondents of the 55 Kaunas county health care institutions (response rate 66,7%). For the assessment of the statistical relationships Chi square (χ2) criteria was used; Z-test was used for the comparison of two proportions. Differences were considered as statistically significant at p<0,05 level. Results. Kaunas county health care workers (86,8%) mostly collaborate with regional sickness insurance funds, at least with Lithuanian medical ethics committee (4,4%). Health care workers assess work of the state controlling institutions: very good (5,9%), well (38,2%), an average (51,5%), negative (4,4%). Cooperation with the state controlling institutions is preceded several times a month. Information is often transferred by e-mail to the state controlling institutions. Older workers and men often co-operate with the state controlling institutions in non-formal way. Respondents who are satisfied in supervising with the state controlling institutions are more satisfied with aspects of the issues. Only one third of the respondents received information from the state controlling institutions timely. Respondents under the age of 35 and over the age of 43 years were satisfied with the efficiency of solving problems. Health care workers emphasized the lack of information related to legislation. Health care workers employed in private institutions are not looking for new ways or forms of co-operation with the state controlling institutions. Cooperation could be improved by using innovative information technologies. Health care workers indicated the need for the common data base with the state controlling institutions. Conclusions. Most of the respondents co-operate with regional sickness insurance funds, at least with of Lithuanian medical ethics committee. The majority of the health care workers assessed the state controlling institutions as an average. Most of the respondents are not satisfied with flexibility of the state controlling institutions in solving problems.
Education management in correctional institutions; Master's thesis. Thesis Advisor: Prof. Doc. dr. K. Trakšelys, Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education, Education Department. 2017, Vilnius. This master thesis analyses the management of convicts organizational education in detention institutions, aspects of legal education regulations for the establishment of the school and its activities. The introduction describes the relevance of the study, examines theoretical and practical significances, indicates the objective of the research, main problem, objectives and tasks. The theoretical part of the thesis analyses legal regulation of schools in detention institutions like prisons, reviews the law which enables the operation of such schools, their autonomy and also discusses the availability and organization of the schools. The second part covers the practical legislation of convicts education and carries out a study to find out the educational needs of the convicts. The paper ends with conclusions and recommendations for schools, researchers and custodial institutions.
Education management in correctional institutions; Master's thesis. Thesis Advisor: Prof. Doc. dr. K. Trakšelys, Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education, Education Department. 2017, Vilnius. This master thesis analyses the management of convicts organizational education in detention institutions, aspects of legal education regulations for the establishment of the school and its activities. The introduction describes the relevance of the study, examines theoretical and practical significances, indicates the objective of the research, main problem, objectives and tasks. The theoretical part of the thesis analyses legal regulation of schools in detention institutions like prisons, reviews the law which enables the operation of such schools, their autonomy and also discusses the availability and organization of the schools. The second part covers the practical legislation of convicts education and carries out a study to find out the educational needs of the convicts. The paper ends with conclusions and recommendations for schools, researchers and custodial institutions.
This work aims to reveal socio-educational support models in pre-school institution. To perform research was selected qualitative research method. It was done theoretical analysis of socio-educational activities and theoretical model in pre-school. During qualitative research method using semi-structured interview were interviewed 15 experts, 10 social educators and 5 educators working in pre-school. Data of research were processed using content analysis method. In the part of study was investigate need of socio-educational support for childrens, parents community, competences of socio-educatots (educators), providing perpective, providing models, point of view of socio-educators and educators. Following qualitative study it was found that socio-educational support in pre school institution is carried out using preventive work: activities with children and children groups, activities with families, communication and collaboration, professional development of social educators. Mainly is focus on children and social skills development. Pre-school community would like that social educators more focus to children welfare, safety, pozitive integration and socialization in the society by promoting the expression of full-fledget personality. Educators expect more help: more attention and concentration in common activities, team work, communication and education of parents. Results of study reaveled socio-educational support areas for improvement: not adapted workplaces, low workloads of socio-educators, lack of National programs, legislation, job descriptions, lack of specialists (psychologist, physical therapist), lack of work methods and measures, lack of programs for improving professional competences skills. Moddeling data of study were created socio-educational support system model which interacts activities, development, environment, structure and main aim of socio-educators.
This work aims to reveal socio-educational support models in pre-school institution. To perform research was selected qualitative research method. It was done theoretical analysis of socio-educational activities and theoretical model in pre-school. During qualitative research method using semi-structured interview were interviewed 15 experts, 10 social educators and 5 educators working in pre-school. Data of research were processed using content analysis method. In the part of study was investigate need of socio-educational support for childrens, parents community, competences of socio-educatots (educators), providing perpective, providing models, point of view of socio-educators and educators. Following qualitative study it was found that socio-educational support in pre school institution is carried out using preventive work: activities with children and children groups, activities with families, communication and collaboration, professional development of social educators. Mainly is focus on children and social skills development. Pre-school community would like that social educators more focus to children welfare, safety, pozitive integration and socialization in the society by promoting the expression of full-fledget personality. Educators expect more help: more attention and concentration in common activities, team work, communication and education of parents. Results of study reaveled socio-educational support areas for improvement: not adapted workplaces, low workloads of socio-educators, lack of National programs, legislation, job descriptions, lack of specialists (psychologist, physical therapist), lack of work methods and measures, lack of programs for improving professional competences skills. Moddeling data of study were created socio-educational support system model which interacts activities, development, environment, structure and main aim of socio-educators.
In the guidelines of the EU cultural policies, institutional frameworks and missions of cultural organizations, cultural communication, and art marketing theories the concept of "audience development" indicates not only the integrated approach towards the cultivation of the demand for the arts, but also the shift in the understanding of the notion of the recipients of art as well as the audience. On the conceptual level the prioritizing of audience development (public engagement with arts) in the agendas of cultural policy makers signals the acknowledgment of art audiences as the equal participant of the aesthetic communication and legitimation of the equation of the process of art perception to that of art creation. The focus on the demands of the audience and its development is embedded in the guidelines of Lithuanian cultural policy, criteria of project funding on the national and municipal level as well as the missions and documents of the Lithuanian theatre institutions. However, the detailed analysis demonstrates that the declarative attention to the building of theatre audiences is only partly reflected in the "real politics" of theatre institutions or their practical activities. Empirical research indicates that in case of particular theatre institution theoretically justified synergy among marketing communication, education and programming in practice means sharing of the influence and responsibilities of different departments, which is often neither easily achieved nor effective. Moreover, costly time and work consuming and unpredictable projects for the attracting of the new audiences do not always seem beneficial or financially sustainable for theatre organizations. [.]
In the guidelines of the EU cultural policies, institutional frameworks and missions of cultural organizations, cultural communication, and art marketing theories the concept of "audience development" indicates not only the integrated approach towards the cultivation of the demand for the arts, but also the shift in the understanding of the notion of the recipients of art as well as the audience. On the conceptual level the prioritizing of audience development (public engagement with arts) in the agendas of cultural policy makers signals the acknowledgment of art audiences as the equal participant of the aesthetic communication and legitimation of the equation of the process of art perception to that of art creation. The focus on the demands of the audience and its development is embedded in the guidelines of Lithuanian cultural policy, criteria of project funding on the national and municipal level as well as the missions and documents of the Lithuanian theatre institutions. However, the detailed analysis demonstrates that the declarative attention to the building of theatre audiences is only partly reflected in the "real politics" of theatre institutions or their practical activities. Empirical research indicates that in case of particular theatre institution theoretically justified synergy among marketing communication, education and programming in practice means sharing of the influence and responsibilities of different departments, which is often neither easily achieved nor effective. Moreover, costly time and work consuming and unpredictable projects for the attracting of the new audiences do not always seem beneficial or financially sustainable for theatre organizations. [.]
In the guidelines of the EU cultural policies, institutional frameworks and missions of cultural organizations, cultural communication, and art marketing theories the concept of "audience development" indicates not only the integrated approach towards the cultivation of the demand for the arts, but also the shift in the understanding of the notion of the recipients of art as well as the audience. On the conceptual level the prioritizing of audience development (public engagement with arts) in the agendas of cultural policy makers signals the acknowledgment of art audiences as the equal participant of the aesthetic communication and legitimation of the equation of the process of art perception to that of art creation. The focus on the demands of the audience and its development is embedded in the guidelines of Lithuanian cultural policy, criteria of project funding on the national and municipal level as well as the missions and documents of the Lithuanian theatre institutions. However, the detailed analysis demonstrates that the declarative attention to the building of theatre audiences is only partly reflected in the "real politics" of theatre institutions or their practical activities. Empirical research indicates that in case of particular theatre institution theoretically justified synergy among marketing communication, education and programming in practice means sharing of the influence and responsibilities of different departments, which is often neither easily achieved nor effective. Moreover, costly time and work consuming and unpredictable projects for the attracting of the new audiences do not always seem beneficial or financially sustainable for theatre organizations. [.]
This article examines the role of ombudsman in the cosntitutional system, its mandate and proliferation in countries of so-called "old" democracy and "fragile" democracy. Many challenges should be discussed: how to adopt the model of ombudsman institution, strengthen the institution and enhance the level of protection and promotion of human rights, how to guarantee idependence, impartiality and repoect for decisions of recommendable manner. The so-called "classical" ombudsman institutions mandates diverged, they are being given aditional powers of different scope with respect of human rights. The changing face of ombudsman institution around the globe demonstrates that today it's not enough to guarantee good public administration, but respect of human rights. The ombudsman office is a paradox, being both powerful and powerless at the same time because, on one hand, he or she has extensive powers to investigate, to subpoena and examine witnesses and documents, to visit a site or office, and to determine whether a complaint is justified, but on the other hand, as noted earlier, he or she does not have the power to make any public agency or official to accept his or her recommendation. However, the success of the classical ombudsman depends to a great extent on the support of the legislature that is supposed to debate the annual and special reports of the ombudsman and act on them.29 In the fragile democracy the ombudsman is obligated to explain reasoning or legality of his decision. ; Straipsnyje analizuojama ombudsmeno institucijos reikšmė konstitucinėje sistemoje, šios institucijos paskirtis, prigimtis ir transformacija per pastaruosius du šimtmečius tiek senosios demokratijos šalyse, tiek ir naujai demokratijos keliu žengiančiose šalyse. Kiekviena valstybė, pasirinkdama ombudsmeno ar žmogaus teisių institucijos modelį, sprendžia daug klausimų: kaip užtikrinti ir išsaugoti nepriklausomos institucijos statusą, pagarbą jos rekomendacinio pobūdžio sprendimams, kokias mandato ribas nustatyti, kad principas "valdžios įstaigos tarnauja žmonėms" būtų iš tikrųjų įgyvendintas, kad būtų gerbiamos žmogaus teisės, užtikrinta teisės viršenybė, valdžios institucijų atskaitingumas ir administravimo skaidrumas. Net ir tradicinės "klasikinės" ombudsmeno institucijos išgyvena tam tikrą evoliuciją, šiandien iš jų tikimasi apginti ne tik nuo galimo viešojo administravimo biurokratizmo ir piktnaudžiavimo, bet realiai garantuoti pagarbą žmogaus teisėms ir laisvėms. Ši institucinė evoliucija vyksta konstitucinėmis reformomis, institucinėmis pertvarkomis arba įstatymu nustatomomis papildomomis funkcijomis. Paradoksalu, bet ombudsmenas gali būti labai galingas ir taip pat visiškai be galios, atskaitingas Parlamentui, bet ir turintis visišką nepriklausomumą įgyvendindamas savo funkcijas.1 Iš vienos pusės, ombudsmenas, atlikdamas tyrimą, gali išsireikalauti visus reikalingus dokumentus, įeiti į bet kurias patalpas, įskaitant ir uždaro tipo institucijų, tačiau iš kitos pusės, jo priimtas sprendimas yra rekomendacinio pobūdžio, tad trapios demokratijos sąlygomis ombudsmenui tenka įrodinėti savo sprendimo teisėtumą, pagrįstumą.
Intensive environmental pollution and consumption of natural resources caused the danger of ecological crisis, which was an important reason why environmental protection became an essential part in politics of each country. Every nation must take certain measures to ensure appropriate interaction between humans and environment. In Republic of Lithuania, as in many other countries, one of these measures is the permits issued by environmental institutions. In this paper it is discussed the nature, the order of issuing, features of functioning and efficiency of such permits. The analysis of an order of permits issued by environmental institutions was made on basis of Lithuanian environmental control legislation. The practical aspects of environmental permitting system were analyzed on basis of statistical performance data of environmental institutions. By invoking this data the analysis of trends in the number of permits, effectiveness of the inspection and economical aspects was made. Furthermore, the expert survey was made to assess the efficiency of environmental permitting system. The participants of this survey were the specialists who are working in the environmental institutions which are issuing the permits as well as performing the control. They expressed their views on the permitting system which is now applied in our country. As well they made suggestions about what could be done to avoid some certain problems concerning environmental permitting.
Intensive environmental pollution and consumption of natural resources caused the danger of ecological crisis, which was an important reason why environmental protection became an essential part in politics of each country. Every nation must take certain measures to ensure appropriate interaction between humans and environment. In Republic of Lithuania, as in many other countries, one of these measures is the permits issued by environmental institutions. In this paper it is discussed the nature, the order of issuing, features of functioning and efficiency of such permits. The analysis of an order of permits issued by environmental institutions was made on basis of Lithuanian environmental control legislation. The practical aspects of environmental permitting system were analyzed on basis of statistical performance data of environmental institutions. By invoking this data the analysis of trends in the number of permits, effectiveness of the inspection and economical aspects was made. Furthermore, the expert survey was made to assess the efficiency of environmental permitting system. The participants of this survey were the specialists who are working in the environmental institutions which are issuing the permits as well as performing the control. They expressed their views on the permitting system which is now applied in our country. As well they made suggestions about what could be done to avoid some certain problems concerning environmental permitting.
For every organization – public institution or private business – it's important to reach their goals to be successful. For this purpose and organization should maintain good relationships with clients, suppliers, partners and other stakeholders. An organization can have lots of stakeholders, but it cannot communicate with all of them in the same way, and to give them all the same attention. That is why it should set priorities for stakeholders and to choose to communicate more with those stakeholders, who have more power and interest to influence the organization's activity. Only after prioritization, it is possible to communicate with stakeholders effectively - when their all specific needs and interests are known to organization, it is easier to construct concrete messages which are adopted to stakeholders, and to reach goals. The stakeholders of public institutions and private business organizations are quite different. As public institutions affect life's of every person more or less, this diploma work concentrates on the specifics of stakeholders of public institutions. Because of this reason the main goal of this paper is to reveal and explain the specifics of communication with stakeholders in public institutions of Lithuania: to identify which stakeholders have a priority in public institutions of Lithuania, how these institutions choose their priority stakeholders and what elements of internet page they use to satisfy their needs for information. Diploma work consists of three parts: First part of work contains information about: • The definition of stakeholder, main objectives and the need of setting priorities for stakeholders; • All steps from identification to the choice of communication strategy for successful cooperation with stakeholders; • Methods, which help to set priorities of stakeholders. Second part: • Communication channels and models, which are best suitable for communication which stakeholders of public institutions; • A web site and as one of the best channels for communication with stakeholders of public institutions. • The information elements needed to satisfy the needs of stakeholders on internet. Third part: • Websites', that belong to five public institutions of Lithuania, which have lots of clients, research, using one of the method on content analysis • Analysis of research results, critics and recommendations. This Diploma work is useful for government organizations, which are attempting to construct effective communication with their stakeholders — state and municipality institutions, and officials working there, also for private business organizations, academicians, who study in public relation and sociology field. The object of a research — the elements of information for stakeholders on web sites of public institutions, which have the most part of clients in Lithuania. There were used five web sites of Lithuania public instituions for a reaserch.
For every organization – public institution or private business – it's important to reach their goals to be successful. For this purpose and organization should maintain good relationships with clients, suppliers, partners and other stakeholders. An organization can have lots of stakeholders, but it cannot communicate with all of them in the same way, and to give them all the same attention. That is why it should set priorities for stakeholders and to choose to communicate more with those stakeholders, who have more power and interest to influence the organization's activity. Only after prioritization, it is possible to communicate with stakeholders effectively - when their all specific needs and interests are known to organization, it is easier to construct concrete messages which are adopted to stakeholders, and to reach goals. The stakeholders of public institutions and private business organizations are quite different. As public institutions affect life's of every person more or less, this diploma work concentrates on the specifics of stakeholders of public institutions. Because of this reason the main goal of this paper is to reveal and explain the specifics of communication with stakeholders in public institutions of Lithuania: to identify which stakeholders have a priority in public institutions of Lithuania, how these institutions choose their priority stakeholders and what elements of internet page they use to satisfy their needs for information. Diploma work consists of three parts: First part of work contains information about: • The definition of stakeholder, main objectives and the need of setting priorities for stakeholders; • All steps from identification to the choice of communication strategy for successful cooperation with stakeholders; • Methods, which help to set priorities of stakeholders. Second part: • Communication channels and models, which are best suitable for communication which stakeholders of public institutions; • A web site and as one of the best channels for communication with stakeholders of public institutions. • The information elements needed to satisfy the needs of stakeholders on internet. Third part: • Websites', that belong to five public institutions of Lithuania, which have lots of clients, research, using one of the method on content analysis • Analysis of research results, critics and recommendations. This Diploma work is useful for government organizations, which are attempting to construct effective communication with their stakeholders — state and municipality institutions, and officials working there, also for private business organizations, academicians, who study in public relation and sociology field. The object of a research — the elements of information for stakeholders on web sites of public institutions, which have the most part of clients in Lithuania. There were used five web sites of Lithuania public instituions for a reaserch.
