Suchergebnisse

L'elaborato si occupa della disciplina penalistica dei diritti di proprietà intellettuale, analizzando la vasta e stratificata legislazione in materia di marchi, denominazioni d'origine, Made in Italy e diritto d'autore. Alla luce delle trasformazioni dei fenomeni contraffattivi e in ossequio al principio di sussidiarietà lo studio si propone di vagliare l'efficacia delle molteplici misure di carattere repressivo recentemente introdotte in un ambito soggetto ad intense spinte di criminalizzazione, promuovendo altresì una maggiore razionalità dell'intervento punitivo unitamente ad una più spiccata sensibilità tanto sui confini dei comportamenti penalmente rilevanti, tanto sulla prevedibilità delle decisioni giudiziarie. Tra le research questions del lavoro si pongono anche la necessità di verificare l'esistenza di uno statuto penale degli Internet Service Provider, nonché la valutazione della posizione del singolo consumatore/acquirente grazie a un approccio "giurisprudenziale" e casistico. Un ampio interesse è inoltre dedicato alla comprensione dei modelli di common law e in particolare del diritto federale statunitense favorendo un'analisi comparatistica e orientata alle fonti sovranazionali oramai ineludibile, specialmente nella materia in esame. ; The paper deals with the criminal regulation of intellectual property rights, analyzing the huge and layered legislation on trademarks, appellations of origin, "made in Italy" and copyright. Having considered the transformations of counterfeiting phenomena and in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity, the study aims to investigate the effectiveness of various repressive measures recently introduced in an area subject to intense pressures of criminalization, in order to encourage greater rationality in punitive intervention together with a more marked sensibility on the predictability of judicial decisions. Among the research questions of the work, and thanks to a 'case law' approach, there are: the need to verify the existence of a criminal statute of Internet Service Providers, as well as an evaluation of the individual consumer / buyer position. A broad space is also devoted to the understanding of the common law models and in particular the US federal law encouraging comparative analysis between Italian and European standards.

Public policies on libraries and copyright are aimed at fostering knowledge and protecting everyone's freedom of expression. However, in the digital environment, copyright policies acquired a major role on library services resulting in severe constraints to their normal operation. While EU strategies in support of libraries are mainly based on incentives and non-binding recommendations, exclusive intellectual exploitation rights are very strictly regulated, with the result of preventing the natural spread of knowledge both at a national and international level. As a consequence of these policies, libraries today face complex negotiations to get licence agreements often inadequate to their mission.The paper points out the major problems to be solved, and clarifies the reasons behind the reforms that have been proposed in WIPO and in the European Union in order to harmonize, expand and strengthen the limitations and exceptions to copyright: to promote access to cultural and creative content and foster the production of new knowledge. ; Nell'ottica dei diritti fondamentali, le politiche pubbliche in materia di biblioteche e di diritto d'autore rispondono a finalità di promozione culturale e di tutela della libertà di manifestazione del pensiero. In ambiente digitale, i diritti di privativa hanno però assunto un peso preponderante sui servizi bibliotecari, determinando forti condizionamenti al loro normale esercizio. Mentre le strategie dell'Unione Europea a sostegno delle biblioteche, confidando nella capacità di autoregolazione del mercato, si basano prevalentemente su incentivi e raccomandazioni non vincolanti, i diritti esclusivi di utilizzazione economica di autori e loro aventi causa fanno leva da decenni su una produzione normativa intensa e incessante che ha finito per condizionare pesantemente la diffusione della conoscenza a livello nazionale, europeo e internazionale. Per effetto di queste politiche le biblioteche oggi devono affrontare complesse negoziazioni per ottenere contratti di licenza d'uso spesso non soddisfacenti in rapporto alla loro missione di servizio.L'articolo evidenzia le principali criticità da risolvere e le ragioni a sostegno delle riforme che sono state proposte – sia in ambito OMPI sia nell'Unione Europea – al fine di armonizzare, ampliare e rafforzare il sistema delle «eccezioni e limitazioni» al diritto d'autore, in modo da garantire un accesso più ampio possibile alla produzione culturale e incoraggiare la produzione di nuova conoscenza favorendo il confronto culturale e creativo.

Mentre l'UNESCO si accinge ad adottare la raccomandazione sull'Open Science, la Francia ha da poco varato il secondo piano nazionale sulla scienza aperta, e l'UE non solo finalizza il progetto Horizon Europe all'apertura dei risultati della ricerca ma inserisce le pratiche dell'Open Science tra gli elementi di valutazione delle proposte progettuali, in Italia si discute molto di politiche della Scienza Aperta senza sviluppi concreti e significativi. Anzi, oggi la scienza appare nel nostro Paese meno aperta e libera: i condizionamenti politici e privati si fanno via via più pesanti.

The right to a name belongs today fully to the catalog of personality rights. As such, it is not only an identifying instrument of the person, but also an essential and indispensable part of his identity. As a fundamental right, the name is the object of protection by various legal instruments which, for example, recognize the right of every person to be given a name and to be able to preserve the identity thus constituted throughout it for life. Precisely because of its significance, the name is often also the object of conflicting interests that cannot always be reconciled, outlining questions of considerable legal interest; think of the question from the attribution of a proper name not corresponding to sex, to the attribution of ridiculous or shameful proper names, or to the age-old question of the transmission of the maternal surname, on which Italy represents the "black jersey" of the 'European Union.

This paper aims at critically addressing the issue of intellectual property in the biomedical and health fields, focusing on the equitable and rapid distribution of anti-COVID-19 vaccines on a global scale. The main allegation is not new: open science is incompatible with policies aimed at extending and strengthening intellectual property. However, this same thesis deserves further attention in relation to the ongoing public debate and national and international policy choices. The paper starts from the refutation of the arguments in favour of private patents on vaccines (paragraph 2), then it provides an overview on of the debate on downstream policies (paragraph 3) and discusses some upstream policies (paragraph 4); some conclusions follow (paragraph 5). Questo scritto intende affrontare criticamente il tema della proprietà intellettuale in campo biomedico e sanitario, con particolare riferimento alla questione dell'equa e rapida distribuzione su scala globale dei vaccini anti-COVID-19. La tesi di fondo non è nuova: la scienza aperta è inconciliabile con politiche di estensione e rafforzamento della proprietà intellettuale. Pur non essendo nuova, la tesi merita un approfondimento in relazione al dibattito pubblico in corso e alle scelte politiche nazionali e internazionali. Si prenderà le mosse dalla confutazione degli argomenti a favore di brevetti privati sui vaccini (paragrafo 2), per poi offrire una sintesi del dibattito sulle politiche a valle (paragrafo 3), discutere alcune politiche a monte (paragrafo 4) e infine svolgere alcune conclusioni (paragrafo 5). ; https://www.robertocaso.it/2021/05/19/pandemia-e-vaccini-lirrisolvibile-antagonismo-tra-scienza-aperta-e-proprieta-intellettuale/

This paper aims to outline some issues concerning the interaction, in the European Union law, between Open Data policy in the Public Sector Information and Open Science policy. On the one hand, such issues concern intellectual property: exclusive rights deriving from patents, copyright, trademarks, trade secrets. On the other hand, they concern the exclusive control of data not related to intellectual property as designed by international and national regulations (intellectual property in a narrow sense), but they regard the exclusive control deriving from abnormal forms of intellectual property ("pseudo-intellectual property") and from the actual power enhanced by technology. This exclusive control can add to (or be independent from) the protection of intellectual property conferred by law. The reflection is triggered by a novelty in the European Union policy on Open data in the Public Sector Information. The Directive 2019/1024/EU of the European Parliament and the Council of 20 June 2019 on open data and the re-use of public sector information ("Open Data Directive") changes the course of research data (article 10, recitals 27 and 28), now included in its scope. The thesis advanced by this paper is the following. Next to creating public infrastructures and implementing open standards for texts, data and code, it is necessary to restrict and reorganize the intellectual property rights on data. The restriction and reorganization of intellectual property rights are amongst the tools to attempt to decrease the market power of data oligopolies. The future autonomy and freedom of research institutions (first of all, universities) and, ultimately, the future of democracy, are at stake. Questo scritto mira a delineare alcuni problemi riguardanti l'interazione, nel diritto dell'Unione Europea, tra politiche di apertura dei dati nel settore pubblico e politiche sulla scienza aperta. Per un verso, essi riguardano la proprietà intellettuale: diritti di esclusiva derivanti da brevetti per invenzione, diritti d'autore, ...

The growing interest in intellectual property is closely linked to the role it plays in modern society, characterized by continuous technological and cultural progress and a knowledge-based economy. Therefore, intangible assets have become increasingly important and indispensable for the success of individuals and businesses on the market. In order for this value to be preserved and made profitable, it is necessary that IP rights are effectively protected against counterfeiting and plagiarism. Indeed, thanks to technological innovations and easier access to information, these phenomena have reached worrying proportions, so much so as to test the adequacy of the responses of our legal system. In particular, in the general strategy of IP enforcement, a prominent role is played by infringement damages, intended as a tool by which to allow the owner of the infringed right to obtain fair compensation. However, traditionally, the institution of compensation has not always been up to this task, especially in view of the characteristics of intangible assets and counterfeiting phenomena, as well as due to a compensatory function focused too much on the damage suffered, so as to miss the other direct consequence of the harmful conduct: the profits gained by the infringer. With the intention of making up for this shortcoming, the legislator has been inspired by common law systems, in particular the US system and the remedy of disgorgement of profits, for the introduction of the retroversion of profits, an instrument foreign to our civil tradition that allows the return of profits unlawfully obtained from the violation of IP rights. Consequently, the remedy not only plays a compensatory function, but also a preventive-deterrent and punitive-sanctioning one. This thesis aims to critically analyze how the introduction of the retroversion of profits has led to redefine the concept of damages and, more generally, of civil liability in the field of intellectual property. Moreover, through a comparative analysis of the US and ...

La presentazione prende le mosse da un'enumerazione dei mali che affliggono la scienza contemporanea, offre una visione dell'Open Science come scienza pubblica e democratica finalizzata a contrastare i mali descritti e si conclude con alcuni commenti relativi alla proposta di legge sull'Open Access attualmente in discussione alla Camera dei Deputati del Parlamento della Repubblica italiana.

La produzione di vaccini anti-COVID-19 rappresenta, al momento, il dispositivo più rilevante per mettere fine alla pandemia. Il successo della campagna vaccinale mondiale dipende da molti fattori. Tra questi fattori vi sono anche gli strumenti giuridici di controllo esclusivo delle informazioni alla base della tecnologia dei vaccini. Brevetti per invenzione industriale, altre forme di proprietà intellettuale e segreti commerciali divengono oggetto di un'ampia discussione politica, filosofica, storica, economica e giuridica. In particolare, il dibattito dispiegatosi nel primo anno di pandemia da coronavirus mette al centro dell'attenzione i brevetti sui vaccini. Da una parte, vi è chi difende il ruolo dei brevetti e della proprietà intellettuale come strumento irrinunciabile di incentivo all'innovazione. Dall'altra, un movimento di idee e azioni sempre più esteso reclama interventi normativi immediati che conducano i vaccini a essere un bene comune dell'umanità. Occorre competere tra Stati, centri di ricerca e imprese per il controllo esclusivo di conoscenze e tecnologie, o invece occorre cooperare mettendo, innanzitutto, i vaccini in pubblico dominio?

Science is facing a fundamental turning point of its history. Never as in this historical moment it appears giant and powerful, but at the same time it shows high fragility: the concentration of information control power in the hands of few commercial groups, the iniquity of a system that benefits developed countries, the restriction of academic autonomy by political and economic power, the precariousness of working conditions of young researchers, the increase in the number of cases of scientific fraud and misconduct, the questioning of its authority by a portion of the public. Can openness be understood as a system capable of strengthening science and treating the diseases that afflict it?

1.Introduction - 2. Biobanks. Defining the framework – 3. Searching for the legal sources – 4. The international scene – 4.1. The UNESCO Declarations – 4.2. The Recommendation of the Council of Europe - 4.3. - Soft law instruments - 5. European legislation - 6. So close, so far: a look to the Spanish legislation – 7. The Italian national regulatory framework – 7.1. The Italian Data Protection Authority authorization – 7.2. Recent trends: the "regionalization" of biobanks' law in Italy – 8. Concluding remarks

1.Introduction - 2. Biobanks. Defining the framework – 3. Searching for the legal sources – 4. The international scene – 4.1. The UNESCO Declarations – 4.2. The Recommendation of the Council of Europe - 4.3. - Soft law instruments - 5. European legislation - 6. So close, so far: a look to the Spanish legislation – 7. The Italian national regulatory framework – 7.1. The Italian Data Protection Authority authorization – 7.2. Recent trends: the "regionalization" of biobanks' law in Italy – 8. Concluding remarks

The intersection of copyright and design is problematic. Despite the attempt of harmonization at EU level, national applications of EU principles appear confused and contradictory. This paper will focus on the Italian legal system, although there will be short references to the United Kingdom, where the harmonizing grip of the European Court of Justice unfolds - or at least has unfolded prior to Brexit - emblematically. After a first illustration of the Italian legislation on the protection of industrial design, which will examine in detail the difficulties related to the intersection of copyright and other forms of protection, we will focus on the conflictual meaning and scope of the criterion of artistic value against the interpretation of the originality threshold for copyright protection suggested by the European Court of Justice. The second part of the essay is dedicated to the analysis of related case law, which offers further and specific food for thought that flows into the final paragraph. ; in corso di pubblicazione in pubblicazione in B. Pasa (ed.), Design, innovazione tecnologica e digitale. Proposta interdi-sciplinare per ripensare le tutele / Design, technological and digital innovation. Interdisci-plinary proposals for reshaping legal protections, ESI Napoli, 2020.

The intersection of copyright and design is problematic. Despite the attempt of harmonization at EU level, national applications of EU principles appear confused and contradictory. This paper will focus on the Italian legal system, although there will be short references to the United Kingdom, where the harmonizing grip of the European Court of Justice unfolds - or at least has unfolded prior to Brexit - emblematically. After a first illustration of the Italian legislation on the protection of industrial design, which will examine in detail the difficulties related to the intersection of copyright and other forms of protection, we will focus on the conflictual meaning and scope of the criterion of artistic value against the interpretation of the originality threshold for copyright protection suggested by the European Court of Justice. The second part of the essay is dedicated to the analysis of related case law, which offers further and specific food for thought that flows into the final paragraph. ; in corso di pubblicazione in pubblicazione in B. Pasa (ed.), Design, innovazione tecnologica e digitale. Proposta interdi-sciplinare per ripensare le tutele / Design, technological and digital innovation. Interdisci-plinary proposals for reshaping legal protections, ESI Napoli, 2021.