Suchergebnisse

This article analyzes the foreign experience of foreign investment in the creation and use of intellectual capital of the country. Particular attention is paid to the experience of venture investment as a form of private investment in intellectual capital. In the article the macroeconomic concept of intellectual capital and its components is presented; analysis of the impact of eficiency of intellectual capital use to national competitiveness increase with the use of tools of regression analysis is conducted to determine the nature of the relationship between the index of competitiveness of the country and indicators of the use of national intellectual capital as well as to identify the countries whose experience is appropriate to consider for the development of proposals to improve effective use of national intellectual capital. The paper presents calculations, conirming the existence of a direct relationship between the level of development of intellectual capital and the growth of macroeconomic indicators, as well as calculations leading to a conclusion lead to the conclusion that, for the purpose of the development of measures to improve the eficiency of intellectual capital, it is appropriate to consider not only the experience of high income countries which belong to the group of high income level, but also rapidly developing countries such as China. The article also conducted provides a comprehensive analysis of the socio-economic, scientiic, technological, legal and administrative, socio-cultural, infrastructural and external factors that affect the process of the use of national intellectual capital in order to identify areas in which it is possible to improve the government measures aimed at the increase of the effective use of intellectual capital. Financial support for the use of intellectual capital is deined as one of the key factors inluencing the eficiency of intellectual capital use on a national scale. The development of the venture capital market, as a form of private investment in high-risk ...

The article deals with the problem of intellectual migration (exodus of the highly-skilled personnel, especially in the ield of science and technology), in relation to the three emerging economies: China, India and Russia. A brief historical outline of policy in relation to the "brain drain" is presented, and the experience of the three above-mentioned countries in the ield of intellectual migration management is compared. The basic timeframe of the study is from 1990s to the mid-late 2000s, with some remarks about past decades and future prospects. Among the three examples of migration management the Chinese experience seems more systematical and includes a wide range of instruments for reversing the "brain drain" process. Indian "talent circulation" policy is more fragmented, despite obvious efforts of the government to put it in the strict conceptual framework. In the Russian Federation the "brain drain" policy is yet in the making, and range of appropriate instruments for "circulation of talents" management is to be developed. The inal conclusion is that the dynamics of perception of the "brain drain" phenomenon is generally of a similar character in all three cases: an initial negative attitude and attempts to restrict intellectual migration change over time to the recognition of the "brain drain" inevitability and the transition to a "talent circulation" policy begins, i. e., the using of intellectual diaspora resources for development of the national economy and S&T system.

The authors consider the intellectual property rights from two points of view: legal theory and institutional economical theory. Contents of "intellectual property" and "intellectual rights" concepts have been revealed in this paper, and the necessity of their study has been justified not only from the legal point of view, but also from the economic one. The authors emphasize that the institutional economics in general and the economic theory of property rights, in particular, have a great potential in the study both of theoretical and practical aspects related to intellectual rights. According to the authors, it is the institutional approach which will create an effective legislation in this area. ; Авторы статьи рассматривают интеллектуальные права собственности с двух точек зрения: теории права и институциональной экономической теории. В статье раскрыты содержания понятий «интеллектуальная собственность», «интеллектуальные права» и обоснована необходимость их изучения не только с правовой, но и с экономической точки зрения. Авторы подчеркивают, что институциональная экономика в целом и экономическая теория прав собственности, в частности, обладают огромным потенциалом в изучении как теоретических, так и практических аспектов интеллектуальных прав. По их мнению, именно институциональный подход позволит создать эффективное законодательство в данной области.

Since the advent of the first proto-state entities, human society has searched for the best way to manage and organize large groups. Criteria have changed throughout history more than once: initially, the legitimacy of the Manager was supported by tradition, religious cult – the best leader has not only strength, agility and intelligence, qualities which were required of the leaders in the pre-state era, but behind it the authority of tradition. Currently, the legitimacy of the ruler (take consideration of "developed" countries of Europe) depends on many factors, as a rather formal and paradigmatic for the current system of governance – utilitarianism in the classical formulation of Jeremy Bentham, based on a democratic form of government, the rate on the effectiveness of leadership, understood primarily in an economic sense. ; С момента появления первых протогосударственных образований человеческое общество искало наилучший способ управления и организации больших групп. Критерии менялись на протяжении истории не один раз: первоначально легитимация управленца поддерживалась традицией, религиозным культом – лучший вождь обладает не только силой, ловкостью и умом, качествами, какие требовались вождям в догосударственную эпоху, но за ним стоит авторитет традиции. В настоящее время легитимность правителя (возьмем для рассмотрения «развитые» страны Европы) зависит от множества факторов, как достаточно формальных, так и парадигмальных для нынешней системы управления обществом – утилитаризма в классической формулировке Бентама, продиктованного демократической формой правления, ставке на эффективность руководства, понимаемую в первую очередь в экономическом смысле.

Intellectual activity of students requires a special approach towards the system of organization and management of this process. Drawing on the institutional approach, the paper shows the interdependence between the values and norms of the institution and the basic values of students in terms of enhancing their intellectual activity and the formation of human capital of students, as well as the maintenance and development of the intellective potential of the institution. The authors first explore the peculiar forms of presenting in the educational process the basic values of students and university facilitating the efficiency and diligence of students, then present the key values crucial for further functioning and development of students' education system. The article identifies the factors that determine the education system functionality. Among such factors are teaching methodology, the system of periodic and current evaluation of students work, the organization of the learning process, the forms of motivation. The findings demonstrate the influence of students basic values on their intellectual activity, the role of these values in educational and scientific activity of students, the growing impact of the values of higher education institutions on their intellectual activity and intellective capital through the system of students motivation.

The article describes the features of the inheritance of copyright problems arising in connection with the specifics of this group relations, as well as lack of legal regulation in this area. Analyzed issues such as the procedure and grounds for the issuance of certificates of inheritance of intellectual property, rights of the spouse in the succession of intellectual property and others. Revealed some gaps in the legal regulation of this sphere, made a number of proposals to address them and co-vershenstvovaniyu legislation. ; В статье рассмотрены особенности наследования авторских прав, проблемы, возникающие в связи со спецификой данной группы правоотношений, а также недостаточностью правового регулирования в данной сфере. Проанализированы такие вопросы, как: порядок и основания выдачи свидетельств о праве на наследство на результаты интеллектуальной деятельности, права супруга при наследовании интеллектуальной собственности и другие. Выявлены некоторые пробелы в правовом регулировании данной сферы, сформулирован ряд предложений по их устранению и совершенствованию законодательства.

The present study legal analysis of the legal aspects of violations of intellectual property rights in modern Russian criminal law, which is currently, despite the urgency of the problem, little studied area, both from the point of view of the theory and from the practical point of view.

The article is devoted to the investment and legal aspects of the proposed measures aimed at improving the efficiency of the national intellectual capital use and, hence, achieving the long-term objectives of social and economic development of Russia. Such measures include the development of private investment, including venture capital, reduction of interest rates on production loans for high-tech companies using and creating national intellectual capital and legislation improvement in the sphere of creation and use of intellectual property. The article presents the forecast of economic effect from realization of measures in the sphere of private investment development, the forecast of economic effect from the reduction of interest rates on loans for high-tech companies using the example of а hypothetical company, the assessment of the impact of proposals on legislation improvement and providing the technology transfer. It concludes that the proposed measures have the significant influence in terms of stimulating the development of private investment in the sphere of intellectual capital use. The article presents the model of estimation of economic effect from reduction of interest rates on the loan for high-tech enterprises, which confirms the positive impact of this measure at microeconomic level, which, in turn, allows to make a conclusion about its positive impact on the economy as a whole. Within the legal aspect study the specific measures to encourage the creation and use of intellectual capital and improving technology transfer as an element of intellectual capital policy are proposed. It is concluded that the proposed legislative and institutional changes will contribute to improving the efficiency of national intellectual capital use in the long term.

В статье образование рассматривается с позиций когнитивной парадигмы и опирается на идеи человекосообразности. Целью исследования является выявление и адаптация условий развития университета как социально ориентированной интеллектуальной корпорации. Автор акцентирует внимание на социально ориентированной деятельности высшего образовании, представляющей собой систему связей, которая способствует человеческой капитализации, обеспечивая возможность получить каждому качественное образование и продвигаться согласно индивидуальной траектории развития в целях успешной самореализации в социуме. Методологической основой исследования явился принцип социальной ориентации, обеспечивающий эффективность реализации функций и направлений социально ориентированной деятельности и скоординированность деятельности организации по образовательному, экономическому, социальному и экологическому направлениям устойчивого развития вуза. Социально ориентированная деятельность интегрирована в основную деятельность организации и предусматривает социальную ответственность перед заинтересованными сторонами - акторами. В ходе исследования использованы теоретические методы (изучение и анализ педагогической, научно-методической и учебной литературы, систематизация материала по исследуемой проблеме, прогнозирование), эмпирические методы (анализ стратегий развития вузов). Научная новизна исследования заключается в выявлении условий развития университета как социально ориентированной интеллектуальной корпорации: организационно-управленческие; психолого-педагогические; социально-культурологические. В ходе анализа педагогической теории, стратегий развития вузов России и вузовской образовательной практики, находящихся в открытом доступе, было выявлено, что к основным результатам развития вуза относят: обеспечение высокого уровня качества подготовки выпускников; предоставление стартовых возможностей развития для каждого студента; создание высококачественных услуг в сфере цифровизации; точечную системную довузовскую подготовку абитуриентов; создание развитой научно-технической базы; непрерывное профессионально-личностное развитие педагогов, системное реагирование на изменение потребностей рынка труда; сотрудничество с работодателями; участие вузов в качестве драйверов в регионе своего присутствия. Можно отметить и выявленные нерешенные и внутренние барьеры: социально-экономические, управленческие, профессионально-личностные. Анализ реализации вышеперечисленных условий развития университета как социально ориентированной интеллектуальной корпорации позволил выделить и ряд специфических особенностей разработки и реализации стратегий развития вузов. Материалы могут быть полезны педагогам, представителям ректората вуза, ученым, соискателям и аспирантам.
The article treats education from the standpoint of cognitive paradigm which is based on the idea of human conformity. The purpose of the study is to identify and adapt the conditions for the development of the university as a socially oriented intellectual corporation. The author focuses on the socially oriented activity of higher education, which is a system of connections that contributes to human capitalization providing an opportunity for everyone to receive a quality education and advance according to an individual development trajectory for successful self-realization in society. The methodological basis of the study was the principle of social orientation, which ensures the effectiveness of the implementation of the functions and directions of socially oriented activities and the coordination of the organization activities in the educational, economic, social and environmental areas of sustainable development of the university. Socially oriented activities are integrated into the key activities of the organization and provide for social responsibility to interested parties - actors. In the course of the study, the author used theoretical methods (study and analysis of pedagogical, scientific, methodological and educational works, systematization of material on the problem under study, forecasting) and empirical methods (analysis of university development strategies). The scientific novelty of the study lies in identifying the conditions for the development of the university as a socially oriented intellectual corporation: organizational and managerial conditions; psychological and pedagogical conditions; socio-cultural conditions. In the course of the analysis of pedagogical theory, strategies for the development of Russian universities and university educational practice, which are in the public domain, it was revealed that the main results of the development of the university include: ensuring a high level of quality in the preparation of graduates; providing starting development opportunities for each student; creation of high-quality services in the field of digitalization; point system preuniversity training of applicants; creation of a developed scientific and technical base; continuous professional and personal development of teachers, systemic response to changing needs of the labor market; cooperation with employers; participation of universities as drivers in the region of their presence. The author also notes the identified unresolved and internal barriers: socio-economic, managerial, professional, and personal. The analysis of the implementation of the above conditions for the development of the university as a socially oriented intellectual corporation made it possible to identify a number of specific features of the development and implementation of university development strategies. The materials can be useful to teachers, representatives of the administration of the university, scientists, applicants and graduate students.

The article is devoted to the problem of the development of an integrated approach to the development and implementation of measures aimed at improving the eficiency of the intellectual capital of Russia. The article proves the thesis about the lack of eficiency of functioning of the national economy, including the sector of high-tech industry – the creator and main «consumer» of intellectual capital, which determines the need to ind measures to stimulate the growth of eficiency of this important productive force of the economy in an era of high technology. The article also presents the idea that the measures aimed at improving the eficiency of intellectual capital use should be comprehensive in nature, affecting the major factors of the process of its use. The proposed measures need to be enforced and implemented taking into account the current macroeconomic situation in the country, to maximize the beneits from their introduction. The paper proposes a set of measures to promote the use of intellectual capital through the development of the institution of private investment and increase the availability of loan funds for high-tech enterprises; restructuring of tax incentives for companies that actively use the intellectual capital; the development of public-private partnerships; improvement of legislation in the sphere of creation and circulation of intellectual property; provision of uniform and balanced development of the national innovation system to improve the eficiency of the transfer of knowledge and technology. In this context, the actual problem of the restructuring of the Russian scientiic and technical sphere and its core – the scientiic organizations of the Russian Academy of Sciences, aimed to improve the transfer of scientiic knowledge and achievements in the manufacturing sector is also considered.

Currently, there is no general view on the issue of legal regulation of intellectual property objects using artificial intelligence. The question of the content definition of the concept of artificial intelligence is still debatable. This paper examines whether the creation of creative works and inventions by artificial intelligence will require changing primary or secondary rights or introducing new restrictions and exceptions to them. The responsibility of artificial intelligence. ; Внастоящее время нет общего мнения по вопросу правового регулирования объектов интеллектуальной собственности сиспользованием искусственного интеллекта. До сих пор дискуссионным остается вопрос осодержательном определении понятия «искусственный интеллект». Встатье исследуется вопрос отом, не потребует ли создание творческих произведений иизобретений искусственным интеллектом изменения первичных или вторичных прав либо внесения вних новых ограничений иисключений. Рассмотрена проблема ответственности искусственного интеллекта.

Важнейшим фактором становления творческого опыта детей является развивающая игровая деятельность, формирующая гибкость мышления, интеллект, которыйпредставляет собой навыки обработки информации («книжный ум»), развивающие беглость, гибкость, оригинальность и разработанность мышления. В процессе обучения игре в шахматы используются методы решения шахматных задач, современные информационные технологии и методы, реализация врожденных задатков, превращение их в способности, креативное мышление, наличие цели достижения шахматных высот, определяющих его дальнейшую деятельность. В качестве диагностического инструментария оценки уровня сформированности творческого опыта младших школьников, обучающихся шахматам, использовались тест креативности Торренса,«карта одаренности» (А. И. Савенкова), опрос родителей и др. Обучение шахматам состоит из последовательности занятий, имеющих два уровня сложности, распределенных по годам обучения. Важным условием реализации творческого опыта младших школьников является соблюдение принципов развивающего обучения. Активно используются компьютер, задачный подход в обучении, решение сложных и многогранных шахматных задач. Учащимся даются для решения шахматные задачи, развивающие беглость, гибкость, оригинальность и разработанность мышления, предлагаются позиции для решения и разыгрывания нестандартных шахматных задач. Полученные результаты позволяют сделать заключение о последовательности актуализации творческого опыта младших школьников от осмысления генетического опыта до решения сложных шахматных задач.
The most important factor in the formation of the creative experience of children is the developmental play activity, which forms the flexibility of thinking, intellect, which is information processing skills ("book mind"), which develops fluency, flexibility, ingenuity and development of thinking. In the process of learning to play chess, methods for solving chess problems, modern information technologies and methods, the implementation of innate inclinations, their transformation into abilities, creative thinking, the goal of reaching heights in playing chess are used. As a diagnostic tool to evaluate the level of formation of the creative experience of junior schoolchildren learning chess, we used Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, the Map of Giftedness by A.I. Savenkov, a survey of parents, etc. Teaching chess consists of a sequence of lessons that have two levels complexity, distributed over the years of training. An important condition for the implementation of the creative experience of younger students is the observance of the principles of developmental education. The computer, the task-based approach to learning, and the solution of complex and multifaceted chess problems are actively used. Students are offered to solve chess problems that develop fluency, flexibility, originality and development of thinking, positions are offered for solving and playing non-standard chess problems. The obtained results make it possible to draw a conclusion about the sequence of actualization of the creative experience of younger schoolchildren from understanding the genetic experience to the solution complex chess problems.

Different approaches to the deinition of "intellectual capital" are considered in the article. Two components of national intellectual capital are examined – human capital and results of intellectual activity. A comparative analysis of various systems of state regulation of creation, use and augmenting of human capital and the use of results of intellectual activity (American, British, Chinese, Russian, etc.) is presented. A brief description of foreign and domestic systems of remuneration of teaching and research staff based on quantitative or expert assessments or their combination is done. It is noted that the use of quantitative or expert assessments in the remuneration system causes discussions in the world. As far as the system of higher education is concerned the data on current trend towards the decentralized system as more lexible and responsive is presented in the article while noting that the decentralization process brings both positive and negative effects. The most urgent problems of the domestic system of state management of human capital and the creation and use of results of intellectual activity are listed in the article: the geographical remoteness of the region from the center, horizontal inequality in wages, low level of base salaries of researchers, lack of demand for the large quantity of results of intellectual activity, etc. In the description of existing stimulating measures of the development of the sphere of creation and use of intellectual capital the main emphasis is done on the indirect incentives through tax beneits system. The scheme of different kinds of tax incentives for the use of intellectual capital, operating in different countries and the table containing the data on tax beneits, stimulating the domestic system of research and development at the federal and regional levels, are presented. The analysis of the national system of tax beneits in the use of intellectual capital is carried out. The directions for improvement of the national intellectual capital management ...

In the article the author examines the conditions of development and the process of intellectualization of regional business. The conclusion says about the necessity of the intellectual potential of regional business formation due to the fact that the intellectualization is a driver of economic growth and the basis of regional competitiveness, but perhaps it is only in the interaction between business and government, the creation of viable and effective vertical and horizontal communication, as well as a network of institutions that supports and intellectualization development of entrepreneurship and providing infrastructural support. ; В статье автором исследуются условия развития и процесс интеллектуализации регионального предпринимательства. Обосновывается вывод о необходимости формирования интеллектуального потенциала регионального предпринимательства вследствие того, что интеллектуализация является драйвером экономического роста и основой конкурентоспособности регионов, но возможно это только при взаимодействии власти и бизнеса, создании жизнеспособных и действенных вертикальных и горизонтальных связей, а также сети учреждений, поддерживающих интеллектуализацию и развитие предпринимательства и оказывающих инфраструктурное обеспечение.