Suchergebnisse

Review-Essay of: ROBERTSON, Geoffrey, Crímenes contra la Humanidad. La lucha por una justicia global, Ed. Siglo XXI, Madrid, 2008. DEL PONTE, Carla, La caza. Yo y los criminales, Ed. Ariel, Barcelona, 2009. ; Review-Essay de: ROBERTSON, Geoffrey, Crímenes contra la Humanidad. La lucha por una justicia global, Ed. Siglo XXI, Madrid, 2008. DEL PONTE, Carla, La caza. Yo y los criminales, Ed. Ariel, Barcelona, 2009.

The historical aspects of the judgment International Court of Justice are controverted. Its lack of knowledge about Bolivian effective linkage with the sea is demonstrated. Also, the historic context assumed by the Court did not consider that Bolivia acted repeatedly in bad faith. This State did not accomplish and even openly broke three successive treaties signed with Chile in 1866, 1874 and 1884. On the next phase of this case this historic background should be considered and incorporated on the Counter-memorial. ; Se controvierten las afirmaciones hechas en la sentencia de la Corte Internacional de Justicia respecto al contexto histórico en que se enmarcaría la petición boliviana. Se demuestra el desconocimiento de ese tribunal respecto a los hechos más relevantes de la vinculación de Bolivia con el mar. Asimismo, el contexto puesto por la Corte no considera la reiterada mala fe de la política exterior boliviana. Tal Estado que no cumplió y aún violó abiertamente los tres tratados sucesivos firmados con Chile en 1866, 1874 y 1884. Parece evidente que en la nueva etapa procesal en que se encuentra actualmente el litigio estos antecedentes deben ser debidamente considerados e incluido en la Contra Memoria.

In the nineteenth century, one of the essential conditions for obtaining recognition of the sovereignty of a state by the international community was the ability to maintain internal order and guarantee the lives and property of foreign nationals. Justice then becomes a major political element and the case of Spanish-Mexican relations is particularly significant. For Mexico, the aim is to preserve national independence, avoid military intervention and integrate into the international system. For Spain, it seeks to assert its status as a major power with the capacity to intervene in defence of its citizens and to obtain the necessary reparations. This work is then structured around three issues: the debt and financial claims of the Spaniards, the punishment of those guilty of the murders of Spaniards and the negotiation of an extradition treaty for offenders and deserters. ; International audience In the nineteenth century one of the key conditions for recognition of sovereignity of a state by the international community was the ability to maintain order and ensure the lives and properties of nationals abroad. Justice, then, becomes a political element of the first order and the case of Spanish-Mexican relations is particularly significant. For Mexico, it is to preserve national independence, to avoid a military intervention and to integrate into the international system. For Spain, it is asserting its status as a great power with the ability to speak in defense of its citizens and to obtain the necessary repairs. This work is structured so on three issues: debt and financial claims of the Spaniards, the punishment of those guilty of the murders of Spaniards and the negotiation of a treaty on extradition of criminals and deserters. ; In the nineteenth century, one of the essential conditions for obtaining recognition of the sovereignty of a state by the international community was the ability to maintain internal order and guarantee the lives and property of foreign nationals. Justice then becomes a major ...

The objective of the research was to analyze some international standards for the safety of people who attend criminal justice from different approaches and perspectives of analysis. Based on a meaningful analysis of the provisions of international and regional regulatory legal acts, the document presents approaches to the formation of standards to ensure the safety of persons who contribute to criminal justice. Methodologically, the work applied the provisions of dialectics, general, special and particular scientific methods. In the course of the study, scientific-historical, formal-legal, formal-logical, systemic and comparative methods were also used. It is concluded that the system of security measures for people who cooperate with criminal justice has significant differences in the different national criminal justice systems, which complicates international relations and cooperation in this area and does not allow the international community to advise effectively and comprehensively, while continuously generating challenges and threats.

The present work has attempted to analyze sexual crimes and especially the crime of male rape. The international jurisprudence of international criminal Tribunals and the International Criminal Court has tried to qualify rape either as a crime of genocide in the form of serious bodily and physical injuries, even if not necessarily permanent (lett. b) art. 6 of the Rome Statute; or as a crime against humanity where there are elements of context and above all material elements that emerge from the definitions given by the ad hoc Tribunals and the elements of crimes; or even as a war crime in case it is implemented as a part of a political plan or design, or as part of series of similar crimes committed on a large scale. This behavior is rebuilt in a residual way compared to that of sexual violence, according to a gender specific relationship to speciem. The indication of the level of gravity of the crime is necessary for the relevance of sexual violence and rape as crimes against humanity that we will see in the next years from the panorama of international criminal law.

The article is dedicated to investigation of different approaches in the field of juvenile prevention and juvenile justice. The article examines the features of juvenile justice and juvenile prevention in different countries, in particular, in the United States, Britain, France, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Ukraine. The existing models of organizing the activities of the juvenile police, other specialized bodies and institutions for children operating in foreign countries are considered. The issues of organization and implementation of crime prevention among children in different countries of the world have been studied. Special attention is paid to the US experience in the field of juvenile justice and juvenile prevention. In particular, the system of specialized bodies and institutions for children in the United States was studied. International systemic acts on the settlement of juvenile liability are analyzed. The analysis of world models of juvenile justice, in particular, Anglo-Saxon, continental, Scandinavian, is carried out and their peculiarities are singled out. The positive features of each of these models, which can be borrowed, in particular, by Ukraine, have been identified.

La superación de un conflicto armado no sólo debe ir acompañada de un proceso de entrega de las armas y juicio a los perpetradores de los delitos; también supone identificar y corregir las causas estructurales de la violencia. Por ello, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar la inclusión de los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales (desc) en la justicia transicional. La hipótesis desarrollada es que, a pesar de las dificultades para dar eficacia plena a los desc, la justicia transicional, como un escenario político en disputa, puede permitir la construcción de memoria histórica en torno al desconocimiento de los derechos sociales, juzgar estas violaciones y adoptar políticas públicas. Para dar respuesta a esto, en un primer momento se aborda la relación entre desigualdad social y el conflicto colombiano. Posteriormente, a través de las experiencias de otros países, se expone cómo influye la justicia social y redistributiva sobre la justicia transicional. Por último, se retoma el caso de Colombia para explicar la convergencia entre el reconocimiento legislativo y judicial, centrando el estudio en la justicia transicional como escenario que puede promover las demandas de DESC.

This article presents a study on the importance of international justice in modern democracies, in so far its decisions or recommendations contain analyzes that go beyond a legal issue, highlighting weaknesses in the political institutions of a State. The research question seeks to establish how judgments by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights study the armed conflict in Colombia. The main objective is to examine the understanding of the armed conflict in Colombia by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. The methodology is the documentary analysis, from the study of four judgments made against the State of Colombia. It makes use of an interdisciplinary look and the frame of reference is politics, law and international justice. The main conclusion is that in the context analysis of decisions, problems in political institutions and the country's democratic system are observed. ; El artículo presenta un estudio sobre la importancia que tiene la justicia internacional en las democracias actuales, en la medida que sus fallos o recomendaciones, contienen análisis que van más allá de un problema jurídico, evidenciando debilidades en las instituciones políticas de un Estado. El problema de investigación busca establecer cómo los fallos emitidos por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, estudian el conflicto armado en Colombia. El objetivo principal es examinar la comprensión que sobre el conflicto armado colombiano tiene la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. La metodología es el análisis documental, a partir del estudio de cuatro sentencias, proferidas contra el Estado de Colombia. Se acude a una mirada interdisciplinaria y el marco de referencia es la política, el derecho y la justicia internacional. La conclusión capital es que en el análisis de contexto de los fallos se observan problemas en las instituciones políticas y en el sistema democrático del país. ; O artigo desenvolve um estudo sobre a importância da Justiça internacional nas democracias atuais, na medida em que suas decisões ou recomendações contêm análises que ultrapassam um problema jurídico, abrangendo questões que dizem respeito às fraquezas das instituições políticas dos Estados. Particularmente, o problema de pesquisa visa estabelecer como as decisões emanadas da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos estudam o conflito armado interno na Colômbia. O intuito principal é examinar a compreensão que a referida Corte tem sobre o conflito armado colombiano. A metodologia utilizada é a análise documental, a partir do estudo de quatro sentenças que condenam o Estado colombiano. O trabalho serve-se da abordagem interdisciplinar e o marco de referência é a política, o direito e a Justiça internacional. A conclusão capital evidencia como a análise de contexto das sentenças examinadas focam os problemas das instituições políticas e o sistema democrático do país.

This article presents a study on the importance of international justice in modern democracies, in so far its decisions or recommendations contain analyzes that go beyond a legal issue, highlighting weaknesses in the political institutions of a State. The research question seeks to establish how judgments by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights study the armed conflict in Colombia. The main objective is to examine the understanding of the armed conflict in Colombia by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. The methodology is the documentary analysis, from the study of four judgments made against the State of Colombia. It makes use of an interdisciplinary look and the frame of reference is politics, law and international justice. The main conclusion is that in the context analysis of decisions, problems in political institutions and the country's democratic system are observed. ; El artículo presenta un estudio sobre la importancia que tiene la justicia internacional en las democracias actuales, en la medida que sus fallos o recomendaciones, contienen análisis que van más allá de un problema jurídico, evidenciando debilidades en las instituciones políticas de un Estado. El problema de investigación busca establecer cómo los fallos emitidos por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, estudian el conflicto armado en Colombia. El objetivo principal es examinar la comprensión que sobre el conflicto armado colombiano tiene la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. La metodología es el análisis documental, a partir del estudio de cuatro sentencias, proferidas contra el Estado de Colombia. Se acude a una mirada interdisciplinaria y el marco de referencia es la política, el derecho y la justicia internacional. La conclusión capital es que en el análisis de contexto de los fallos se observan problemas en las instituciones políticas y en el sistema democrático del país. ; O artigo desenvolve um estudo sobre a importância da Justiça internacional nas democracias atuais, na medida em que suas decisões ou recomendações contêm análises que ultrapassam um problema jurídico, abrangendo questões que dizem respeito às fraquezas das instituições políticas dos Estados. Particularmente, o problema de pesquisa visa estabelecer como as decisões emanadas da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos estudam o conflito armado interno na Colômbia. O intuito principal é examinar a compreensão que a referida Corte tem sobre o conflito armado colombiano. A metodologia utilizada é a análise documental, a partir do estudo de quatro sentenças que condenam o Estado colombiano. O trabalho serve-se da abordagem interdisciplinar e o marco de referência é a política, o direito e a Justiça internacional. A conclusão capital evidencia como a análise de contexto das sentenças examinadas focam os problemas das instituições políticas e o sistema democrático do país.

This article outlines Francisco de Vitoria's conception of natural law and natural right in an effort to amend a number of interpretations in the academic literature on his political and international thought that misapprehend Vitoria's iusnaturalism. In this view, his use of the Thomist doctrine of natural law and justice lays the foundation for his works on politics, society and international relations since the doctrine itself espouses equality and justice both within the domestic realm and between discrete communities. In an implicit appeal to the link between ethics and politics, his doctrine of natural law, moreover, fulfills a critical and constitutional role bydesignating justice and the common good as a pattern of order to which power and authority must conform in order to be legitimate.

Sumario: This paper examines IMF government spending projections for 181 countries, identifying two main phases: fiscal expansion (2008-2009) and fiscal consolidation (2010 onwards); presents the main adjustment measures considered since 2010 and their adverse socio-economic impacts in both high income and developing countries; analyses divergent trends in social protection across regions, focusing on the positive expansion of social protection floors in a majority of developing countries; reviews potential areas of fiscal space for the necessary extension of social protection systems; and presents the developmental arguments to invest in social protection in pursuit of crisis recovery, inclusive development and social justice