Suchergebnisse

Abstract Completion of the armed conflict in both the legal and political framework set in customary international law and the Hague Convention I of 1899 and 1907 on the peaceful resolution of disputes, as well as the Charter of the United Nations. Mechanisms for resolving armed conflicts as well as measures to prevent the emergence of armed conflict refers to the two methods of dispute resolution, the peaceful resolution of disputes and the settlement of disputes by force or violence. Patterns in the context of conflict resolution approach more focused on the efforts of early stage to prevent the emergence of armed-conflict. Such efforts can be done with diplomacy and political mediation efforts by involving the various parties that are considered to be actors of peace. While humanitarian law in the context of normative law enforcement efforts imprinted on the situation of the ongoing war, one of its forms through foreign intervention in the ongoing armed conflict itself. In the present context of the humanitarian intervention of humanitarian law known as the Responsibility to Protect (R to P). In addition through the UN mechanism for the continuous efforts of the international community to prevent the emergence of armed conflict also involving a number of other actors who can be considered a partner for peace. One of them involving specific groups that can be considered a party to break the chain of armed conflict itself. One of them is through the mechanism of the Kimberley Process.

Accountability of a financial report is one of the foundations for the creation of good governance, prioritizing the use or management of finance that requires public funds. By fulfilling the basics of financial reporting which is a principle of good governance, the government as the manager of regional finance will automatically increase accountability and trust from the community.With the application of good internal control, it is expected to be able to create financial reports that are accountable, resolved with good governance. This study used descriptive analytical research method. Based on statistical analysis of the obtained coefficient of determination 64,1%. with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the internal control variables gave rise to positive accountability towards the local government financial statements,with good governance as an intervention.

The Gulf coalition country led by Saudi Arabia simultaneously severed its diplomatic relations with Qatar in early June 2017. This action was motivated by Saudi Arabia's accusations of Qatar's proximity to several Islamic opposition organizations such as the Muslim Brotherhood and Hamas and its bilateral tendencies with Iran. This resentment continued with the launching of a land, sea and air blockade against Qatar's territory. Qatar dismissed the accusations and saw the Arab coalition's actions as an intervention against its foreign policy. In addition, Turkey as an ally of Qatar initially responded to the diplomatic crisis in a neutral manner and put forward mediation efforts. However, these efforts failed due to sabotage by the Gulf coalition. Turkey later denounced the blockade and immediately signed a military agreement to speed up the deployment of troops to Qatar. This article aims to analyze the reasons for Turkey's shift from initially neutral to pro-Qatar by strengthening its bilateral relations with Qatar through a series of help.

AbstractThe Qajar dynasty in Indonesian literature is not as popular as the Safavid dynasty and the 1979 Iranian revolution. The role of Qajar dynasty started as one of the tribal powers among the Qizilbash elite troops of the Safavid dynasty. Political conditions during the decline of Safavids led to the emergence of other warring dynasties to gain domination in Persia. Qajar dynasty under the leadership of Agha Muhammad Khan was successful in defeating warring dynasties as the Russian invaders were also driven out. Agha Muhammad later became the Shah of Persia in 1796 year before he was assassinated during a military campaign against Russia. After his assassination, Fath Ali – nephew of Agha Muhammad became the new Shah in 1798. Qajar dynasty under the new reign effectively consolidated the political condition and governing aspect of Persia. Fath Ali is also believed to have committed violence against his competitors while also; he was able to coordinate between various cultural identities in Persia along with building country's governing structure as well as patronizing religious life. During later wars with Russia, Fath Ali was dependent on intervention of British and French due to lack of reforms in his military. It became an important event before his death in 1834.

Industrial relations dispute settlement can be done through litigation and nonlitigation. The process of settlement of disputes through litigation in the courts, resulting in agreements that are not yet able to embrace the adversarial common interests, tend to cause new problems, slow in its solution, requiring expensive, unresponsive, and caused animosity between the parties. While the dispute settlement process through non-litigation out of court to produce an agreement that is win-win solution, which guaranteed the confidentiality of the dispute by the parties, to avoid delays caused due to procedural and administrative problems in a comprehensive settlement in togetherness, and still maintain good relations . The only advantage of non-litigation process is the nature of confidentiality, because the process of trial and even the decision was not made public. Dispute settlement mechanism is a win-win solution can be done in stages: first stage Bipartite tail, a settlement through consultation between workers with employers without the intervention of third parties. The second stage through mediation, which is implemented by the Government settlement through a mediator which is responsible for mediation can be a mediator in resolving disputes between workers with employers, or through conciliation, the conciliation officer is appointed and dismissed by the Secretary of Labor based on advice union organization or unions. However, if the settlement is not reached agreement may be pursued to the Indonesian National Arbitration Board conducted by the National Arbitrator, and succeeded in reaching an agreement made when the deed of settlement which is binding (the final and binding).

This research will examine the double standards of US foreign policy against the coup in Egypt in 2013, given that the US intervention against the Middle East region is very dominant. Attention and the US response be different in response to the case of the coup in Egypt. US seemed to not make this case as a priority despite the coup led to the violation of human rights and democracy. The response shown by the US is very different compared to the US intervention against Iraq and Libya are rated US itself as defending human rights and democracy in the region. The purpose of this research is to find out why the US double standards in its foreign policy related to the Egyptian coup. Data will be explored through literature method (library research). Overall the data will be correlated with foreign political theory of rational actor models that can explain the reason for choosing the attitude of the US double standard in a coup in Egypt in 2013 based on the selection and cost-benefit considerations on the measures taken. The results of this paper indicate that the indication of the double standards shown by the US to Egypt coup influenced by the victory of the Muslim Brotherhood (IM) as a political Islam that could interfere with the stability and US interests in the Middle East. Some of the options and the consequences have been considered by the US in response to the case, including participating ignoring their violations of democracy and human rights in the case even though it was contrary to the foundations and principles of US foreign policy. Another indication that support multiple standards is the response of US allies in the Middle East, such as Israel, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates who consider IM as a threat to the stability and the Middle East region. Keywords: US double standards, US foreign policy, coup Egypt, political Islam, Muslim Brotherhood Penelitian ini akan mengkaji standar ganda politik luar negeri Amerika Serikat terhadap kudeta di Mesir tahun 2013, mengingat bahwa intervensi AS terhadap kawasan Timur Tengah sangat dominan. Perhatian dan respon AS terlihat berbeda dalam menanggapi kasus kudeta di Mesir. AS seolah tidak membuat kasus ini sebagai prioritas walaupun kudeta tersebut berujung pada pelanggaran HAM dan demokrasi. Respon yang diperlihatkan oleh AS sangat berbeda jika dibandingkan dengan intervensi AS terhadap Irak dan Libya yang dinilai AS sendiri sebagai upaya penegakan HAM dan demokrasi di kawasan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mencari tahu mengapa AS bersikap standar ganda dalam politik luar negerinya terkait dengan kudeta Mesir. Data akan ditelaah melalui metode kepustakaan. Keseluruhan data akan dikorelasikan dengan teori politik luar negeri model aktor rasional yang dapat memaparkan alasan AS untuk memilih sikap standar ganda dalam kudeta Mesir 2013 berdasarkan pemilihan dan pertimbangan untung-rugi atas tindakan yang telah diambil. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa indikasi standar ganda yang diperlihatkan oleh AS terhadap kudeta Mesir dipengaruhi oleh kemenangan Ikhwanul Muslimin (IM) sebagai political Islamyang dapat mengganggu stabilitas dan kepentingan AS di Timur Tengah. Beberapa pilihan dan konsekuensi telah dipertimbangkan oleh AS dalam merespon kasus ini, termasuk ikut mengabaikan adanya pelanggaran demokrasi dan HAM dalam kasus tersebut walaupun hal tersebut bertentangan dengan landasan dan prinsip politik luar negeri AS. Indikasi lain yang mendukung standar ganda ialah respon sekutu AS di Timur Tengah, seperti: Israel, Arab Saudi, dan Uni Emirat Arab yang menganggap IM sebagai ancaman bagi stabilitas dan kawasan Timur Tengah. Kata kunci: standar ganda AS, politik luar negeri AS, kudeta Mesir, politik Islam, Ikhwanul Muslimin

This article aims to analyze the function of Bapemperda in increasing the effectiveness of the formation of Regional Regulations in the Bone Bolango Regency. The Regional Regulations Formation Agency (Bapemperda) of the Bone Bolango DPRD is one of the council's equipments for forming regional regulations. The type of research used in this article is empirical normative, which combines a normative legal approach with the addition of various elements of empirical studies. The results show that the implications of political intervention sometimes affect the issues and local regulations issued and do not represent the community's interests but are dominated by political interests. Ideally, local regulations must be responsive and meet usual policy standards that at the implementation level can be used and can answer problems that develop in the community. Human resources have an essential role in an organization, such as the rapid development of information technology, globalization, and changes in the world of positions and work, and are tied to the existing system. Members of Bapemperda and local governments play a role in forming regional regulations and other policy designs. To increase the effectiveness of the formation of Regional Regulations, it is necessary to have a relationship between human resources and the objectives that apply to Bapemperda itself. The researcher then offers a prototype product called CIS-Approach, a development concept from the results of the research and data analysis of the previous authors, which is expected to be a consideration for the government in formulating regional regulatory policies. CIS-Approach indicators are: 1) human resources with the system; 2) human resources with the issue; 3) human resources with regulations.

Under certain climatic conditions, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes can survive and reproduce optimally so that climate change can significantly change the pattern of disease distribution. This study aimed to model the level of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) hazard in Gorontalo Regency by integrating the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Geographic Information System (GIS) with climatological and topographic factors. The factors that most influence the level of hazard of DHF are annual rainfall, altitude, and humidity. The results obtained show that Gorontalo Regency is dominated by the hazard level class of 94852.31 ha or 44.25% and the moderate class area of 82553.37 ha or 38.5% of the total area of Gorontalo Regency. These results prove that Gorontalo Regency is very at risk of DHF disease. If this is not handled by the government properly, the moderate class will potentially rise to the high class. The prediction model for the DHF hazard level in this study can be made according to local conditions in the research area which have limited data. Changes in climate variables and periodicity that affect the incidence of dengue can be flexibly adapted to this model. The findings from this study provide valuable insights that have the potential to improve mitigation in public health-related interventions. ; Under certain climatic conditions, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes can survive and reproduce optimally so that climate change can significantly change the pattern of disease distribution. This study aimed to model the level of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) hazard in Gorontalo Regency by integrating the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Geographic Information System (GIS) with climatological and topographic factors. The factors that most influence the level of hazard of DHF are annual rainfall, altitude, and humidity. The results obtained show that Gorontalo Regency is dominated by the hazard level class of 94852.31 ha or 44.25% and the moderate class area of 82553.37 ha or ...

ABSTRACT This research is a qualitative research using verbal data from respondents' information about the implementation of the teacher certification policy in a position at the Cirebon District Education Office. Data collection techniques use interviews, observation, and documentation. The selection of informants used purposive sampling technique. Data analysis in this study uses qualitative descriptive analysis with data reduction and data display stages.The implementation study is a study of policy studies that lead to the implementation process of a policy. In practice policy implementation is a process that is so complex that it is not infrequently politically charged with the intervention of various interests. This study uses the theory of George C. Edward III. In this theory, the success of a policy implementation is influenced by four factors: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. Furthermore, to analyze the implementation of the Teacher Certification Policy in the Office of the Cirebon District Education Office, this research will focus on observing these factors as observable phenomena. Based on the results of the study showed that the implementation of the teacher certification policy in the position in the Cirebon District Education Office, in general, has gone well. In the communication factor, the subfactor of transmission and consistency of information is good, but from the subfactor of clarity, there is a problem. This lack of clarity in information includes the requirements to carry out certification. Furthermore, on the factors of resources, sub-factors of staff, information, authority is effective but the sub-factors of facilities are inadequate. Facilities in the form of facilities and infrastructure, as well as a special budget for the implementation of certification in the Cirebon District Education Office, are insufficient. The factors of the disposition of the implementor include good. The bureaucratic structure factor also supports the implementation of the policy.The Cirebon District Education Office needs to conduct an optimal socialization by empowering principals and teacher supervisors, optimizing the utilization of a database of all public and private teachers in Cirebon District. Furthermore, the Cirebon District local government prioritized funds for implementing teacher certification in positions in the Cirebon District Education Office and providing incentives for implementers as beneficiaries.

This research aims to analyze extra-campus student organizations' political orientation in the 2019 presidential election in Makassar city using the qualitative descriptive research methods approach. Data collection methods use in-depth interviews and literature studies. Informants selection using purposive sampling techniques. This research indicates that internal factors relate to the extra-campus student organization's internal conditions in the 2019 presidential election in Makassar city. These internal conditions include encouraging their cadres to mature politically and democratically, maintaining the neutrality and idealism of cadres, and keeping the nation and state integrity. Besides, they supervise the government by conducting dialogue and discussion. At the same time, they imply that the 2019 presidential election's political agenda is a learning arena and rejects practical politics and oversees the candidate's vision and mission and every government policy by conducting studies. External factors are related to the influence from outside the extra-campus student organization, namely the alumni organization. The eight extra-campus student organizations consisting of HMI, PMKRI, GMKI, GMNI, PMII, IMM, KAMMI, and GEMA Pembebasan stated no intervention to select one candidate pair in the 2019 presidential election in Makassar city based on alumni's organizational instructions. There are three political orientations in the extra-campus student organizations in Makassar city: first, cognitive political orientation, second, affective political orientation, and third, evaluative political orientation. ; Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis orientasi politik organisasi kemahasiswaan ekstra kampus dalam pemilihan presiden tahun 2019 di kota Makassar dengan menggunakan pendekatan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam dan studi pustaka. Pemilihan informan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya faktor internal yang berhubungan dengan kondisi internal organisasi kemahasiswaan ekstra kampus pada Pilpres 2019 di kota Makassar. Kondisi internal tersebut antara lain mendorong kadernya agar matang secara politik dan demokratis, menjaga netralitas dan idealisme kader, serta menjaga keutuhan bangsa dan negara. Selain itu, mereka mengawasi pemerintah dengan melakukan dialog dan diskusi. Pada saat yang sama, mereka mengimplikasikan bahwa agenda politik Pilpres 2019 adalah ajang pembelajaran dan menolak politik praktis serta mengawasi visi misi dan setiap kebijakan pemerintah dengan melakukan kajian. Faktor eksternal berkaitan dengan pengaruh dari luar organisasi kemahasiswaan ekstra kampus yaitu organisasi alumni. Kedelapan organisasi kemahasiswaan ekstra kampus yang terdiri dari HMI, PMKRI, GMKI, GMNI, PMII, IMM, KAMMI, dan GEMA Pembebasan menyatakan tidak ada intervensi untuk memilih satu pasangan calon pada Pilpres 2019 di kota Makassar berdasarkan arahan organisasi alumni. Terdapat tiga orientasi politik dalam organisasi kemahasiswaan ekstra kampus di kota Makassar: pertama, orientasi politik kognitif, kedua, orientasi politik afektif, dan ketiga, orientasi politik evaluatif.