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The article analyzes the main trends in the transformation of the liberal model of journalism in Western historical and political discourses of the second half of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. In particular, corporate and hierarchical trends in the formation of mass media complexes are highlighted, contributing to the growth of control over journalistic activities, on the one hand, and strengthening political conformism, on the other.

The article discusses the main characteristics of modern art journalism, which allow us to assert its anthropocentricity. It is proved that the subject of creativity, which creates artistic images, as well as the work itself as a reflection of the value picture of the artist's world, his worldview and ideological concept are the subject of reception and analysis of art journalism. The anthropocentricity of art journalism as a whole is obvious because art itself is anthropocentric. However, in modern conditions of globalization and the development of postmodern worldview, the anthropocentricity of art journalism is undergoing certain transformations. The specificity of art discourse lies, first of all, in a pronounced appraisal and authorial modality, and the very representation of a work of art in a media text is determined by the level of professionalism and the degree of talent of its producer, as well as the social recognition of the artist and the very status of the work of art, determined by the interest of the public in it, the artist's innovation, the demand for a particular genre in the art industry. In the text-discursive space of mass art journalism, one can find the most revealing cases of interaction between institutional, professional and everyday discourses, which, on the one hand, significantly characterizes modern art journalism from the standpoint of its anthropocentricity, and on the other hand, allows us to evaluate the dynamic transformations inherent in it in postmodern conditions. The postmodern worldview deprives the art discourse of any stable coordinates in terms of terminology or the presence of professional art criticism competencies in an art journalist. A positive assessment in the discourse of art journalism is aimed at reflecting success, the predominance of the best qualities in the interpreted object, which is further enhanced by the use of art criticism terminological apparatus, however, texts with ambiguous evaluation and authorial modality are also presented in the text-discursive space.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the dual nature of art journalism, manifested in the trajectories of its development and the corresponding functions in the modern media space — cultural-educational and information-advertising. The author of the article interprets art journalism as a sphere of professional activity, the purpose of which is to form the aesthetic taste of the target audience and convey a set of values that have universal and national significance. Arts journalism is increasingly targeting a wider audience, as evidenced by trends towards deliberate simplification of text and increasing entertainment value. At the same time, the goals of art journalism — the preservation of cultural and national values, the comprehensive development of man, his education based on examples of world culture — are embodied in the implementation of the cultural and educational function of art journalism and, as a consequence, in the development of aesthetic taste using its tools and means. In an effort to satisfy the needs of the target audience for information about facts and cultural events, about works of various types of art, art journalism also implements an information and advertising function. The intentionality of art journalism is characteristic of both trajectories of its development in the modern media space: the formation of ideas, positions, and opinions naturally determines the emergence of expected emotional states in the addressee. The article proves that the information and advertising trajectory of art journalism organically complements the cultural and educational one: in any of the areas studied, the addressee is able to expand his cognitive and emotional experience in the cultural space, possessing creative potential. The cultural and educational trajectory of the development of art journalism cannot be implemented outside of information and entertainment: expanding the intended target audience by attracting attention to cultural and artistic events contributes to the representation of the news occasion from the perspective of organizing leisure time, deepening knowledge about a particular work of art or cultural figure and, as a result, ensuring and maintaining cultural balance in society

The article tells about the motives of admission of the ninth grade graduates to college. The research topic is relevant because it is important to study popular educational routes of Russian children, ways of accumulating educational and professional capital, orientation of young people to obtain technical specialties, the relevance of the «document analysis» method in empirical sociology. The materials of Internet journalism were analyzed, specifically posted on the web articles that justify the advantages of leaving school and studying at college. The author presents ratings of motives for choosing secondary special education in texts for 2018 and 2023. The content of journalistic materials was studied using qualitative methods, content analysis and with the support of relevant computer services. It has been established that the most stable and frequent argumentations in Internet journalism in 2018 and 2023 are the possibility of not passing the unified state exam, obtaining a profession, preparing for university admission. The prevailing motives are related to the lengthening of the student's educational route and the acceleration of professionalization. From the rating of reasons for choosing a college in 2023, the opinion about the availability of budget training disappeared, but there was a justification to continue the family dynasty of technical specialists. Compared to 2018, the rank of the motive for the optimal organization of the educational process in colleges has decreased. Also, the hope for individual attention to the student from the teachers has weakened. The results of the research can be applied in social policy in the fields of education and employment, especially to assess the readiness of school graduates to obtain a technical profession. The methodological conclusions of the project on the analysis of documents in empirical research are useful for students of sociological specialties.

This article investigates the trends of Russian journalism regarding its regional component. The author distinguishes the great impact of the PR governmental activity and its influence on the media, which makes it turns it into an instrument of informational influence. Author assumes, that that journalism can be reborn as social and important profession only if mass media become a place for open political discussion. ; Анализируются тенденции развития отечественной журналистики в современных региональных условиях. Обозначается проблема значительного влияния пиар­структур на редакционную деятельность СМИ, что постепенно превращает журналистику в инструмент информационного воздействия на общество. Утверждается, что вернуть журналистике статус значимой профессии, служащей интересам общества, возможно путем возрождения в СМИ открытого обсуждения действий власти и политических событий.

В данной статье политическая журналистика рассматривается как одна из сфер современной журналистики. Автор представляет различные подходы в освещении политических событий в контексте объективности предоставляемой населению информации. Проводится анализ того, какие факторы влияют на стиль и способы предоставления материала широкой аудитории.

Modern Russian political science has been actively researching identification processes at all levels in society in recent years. In this regard, understanding of the dynamics, specifics and content of the identity of national journalism seems to be relevant. In essence, identity in the field of mass media and mass communication remains outside the field of scientific interests of researchers. The article focuses on the interdependence of journalism identity and political identity, political and information space.

Journalism as a social institution, the institution of mass media is the most important component in the structure of the political system of society. This dictates the need and relevance of the study of various aspects of the identity of Russian national (state) journalism, its identification factors. Journalism is a sphere of public activity (openness, transparency, publicity), the ability to freely receive and distribute information addressed to a mass audience.

The factor of open information boundaries, wide and close interaction of the media requires real integration within the framework of all-European and world information systems. Consistently implementing the constitutional principles of freedom of information, Russian journalism must clearly identify and defend its identity in the global information space.

In information interaction and counteraction, the problem of the identity of journalism, which closely interacts with political and ethnic identities, is quite acute.

In the research field of identity within the framework of domestic political science, identity in the field of information and journalism remains poorly studied.

The problems of political science in the field of identity research are equally becoming the focus of attention of philosophy, sociology, history and psychology. Certain aspects of the identity of information and journalism can be found in interdisciplinary research, the achievements of various social sciences and humanities.

The article actualizes the necessity to study professionalism in political journalism. The author analyzesstructural elements of the problem as well as possible scientific approaches to its solution. ; Актуализируется необходимость личностных исследований профессионализма в политической журналистике. Анализируются структурные элементы проблемы, а также возможные научные подходы к ее решению.

Hemingway's journalistic works, including his publicism, often did not arouse much interest. But Hemingway began his path to great literature namely from journalism. The eventful time and his identity as the witness and participant are reflected in the works of the writer. All these are reflected in Hemingway's antiwar journalism of the 1920s and 1930s, in which the writer explores the nature of fascism. A talented publicist, an eminent writer, a great citizen and to some extent a seer, he was able to see the deep essence of fascism as a sign of the degeneration of a significant part of human society. The position of the writer was most clearly manifested in his documentary on the Spanish Civil War (1936–1938), which, of course, the Republicans would have won if it had not been for the support of Hitler's Germany that had gained strength. Here, Hemingway does not delve into the "big politics", trying to explain to the reader the essence of what is happening. Freely or not, he goes from the particular to the global and shows the everyday sketches of war, revealing the meanness, crime and infamy of fascism. As E. Hemingway's journalistic work shows, he was not just a journalist, he was a serious and deep analyst. In particular, the writer warned humanity of future potential wars, revealing and exposing their criminal nature. ; Журналистская деятельность Хемингуэя, в том числе его публицистика, не часто вызывала интерес исследователей, но именно с журналистики начался его путь в большую литературу. В произведениях писателя отразилось и насыщенное событиями время, и личность его самого как их свидетеля и участника. Все это нашло отражение в антивоенной публицистике Хемингуэя 20–30-х годов. Талантливый публицист смог увидеть глубинную сущность фашизма как признаки вырождения значительной части человеческого общества. Наиболее ярко позиция писателя проявилась в его документалистике, посвященной гражданской войне в Испании (1936–1938), которую, конечно, выиграли бы республиканцы, если бы не поддержка гитлеровской Германии. Здесь Хемингуэй идет от частного к глобальному и показывает бытовые зарисовки войны, раскрывая низость, преступность, подлость фашизма. Писатель предостерегал человечество от будущих потенциальных войн, проявляя и обличая их преступную природу. ; Журналістська діяльність Ернеста Хемінгуея, в тому числі його публіцистика, не часто викликала інтерес дослідників, але саме з журналістики почався його шлях до великої літератури. У творах письменника відбився і насичений подіями час, і особистість його самого як їх свідка і учасника. Все це знайшло відображення в антивоєнній публіцистиці Хемінгуея 20–30-х років. Талановитий публіцист зміг побачити глибинну сутність фашизму як ознаки виродження значної частини людського суспільства. Найбільш яскраво позиція письменника проявилася в його документалістиці, присвяченій громадянській війні в Іспанії (1936–1938), яку, звичайно, виграли б республіканці, якби не підтримка гітлерівської Німеччини. Тут Хемінгуей йде від приватного до глобального і показує побутові замальовки війни, розкриваючи ницість, злочинність, підлість фашизму. Письменник застерігав людство від майбутніх потенційних воєн, виявляючи та викриваючи їх злочинну природу.

В данной статье анализируются особенности гражданской журналистики, типичные для культурной парадигмы Web 2.0. Теоретический анализ публикаций последних лет позволяет увидеть динамику развития гражданской журналистики, её виды, функции. Исследуются мнения современных социологов и журналистов о соотношении традиционной и гражданской журналистики, положительных и отрицательных чертах гражданской журналистики. Основными чертами современной гражданской журналистики является непосредственная связь с сетью Интернет, высокая скорость распространения, возможность осуществления как профессионалами, так и любителями, отсутствие законодательной ответственности за предоставляемые сведения, недостаток глубины анализа. ; This article analyzes the features of civic journalism typical of the cultural paradigm of Web 2.0. The theoretical analysis of the publications of recent years allows to see the dynamics of the development of Ukrainian journalism, its types and functions. The opinions of modern sociologists and journalists on the correlation of traditional and civil journalism, positive and negative traits of citizen journalism are investigated. The main features of modern civil journalism is a direct connection to the Internet, high speed of distribution, the ability of both professionals and Amateurs, the lack of legislative responsibility for the information provided, the lack of depth of analysis.

В статье анализируются эвфемизмы, распространенные в языке современной французской публицистики. Материалом исследования выступают современные французские газеты, ориентированные на широкую читательскую аудиторию. Проведен подробный анализ эвфемизмов, функционирующих в языке французской письменной прессы. В рамках тематической группы «Власть и политика» выявлены пять типов эвфемизмов, направленных на ослабление восприятия негативной информации с целью влияния на формирование оценок событий и управления общественным мнением читателей в адрес: 1) действий политических лидеров; 2) репрессивных методов, применяющихся властью для решения проблемных ситуаций; 3) действий, направленных непосредственно против политической власти; 4) взаимоотношений разных государств и их глав; 5) действий со стороны армии или полиции. Проанализированы эвфемизмы, объединенные группой «Власть и политика», с учетом способов их образования. Выявленные эвфемизмы в языке современной французской прессы представлены: устойчивыми словосочетаниями; идиомами, образованными на основе терминологической лексики; метафорическим и метонимическим переносом; олицетворением; эпитетами. Исследованная тематическая группа «Власть и политика» позволит дополнить уже имеющиеся знания в области изучения такого феномена, как эвфемизация речи, а также послужит основой для дальнейшего анализа эвфемизмов на материале языка современных французских письменных средств массовой информации.
The article analyzes the euphemisms widespread in the language of modern French journalism. The research material is French newspapers aimed at a wide readership. A detailed analysis of euphemisms functioning in the language of the French written media has been made. In the thematic group "Authorities and Politics" five types of euphemisms have been identified. They are aimed at weakening the perception of negative information in order to influence the assessment of events and control the public opinion of readers towards: 1) actions of political leaders; 2) repressive methods used by the authorities to solve problem situations; 3) actions directed against political authorities; 4) relations between different states and their heads; 5) actions by the army or the police. The analysis of euphemisms united by the group "Authorities and Politics" according to the method of their formation is carried out. The identified euphemisms in the language of the modern French journalism are represented by set phrases; idioms formed on the basis of terminology; metaphorical and metonymical transfer; personification; epithets. The studied thematic group "Authorities and Politics" will complement the existing knowledge in the field of studying such a phenomenon as euphemization of speech. It will be the basis for further analysis of euphemisms on the material of the language of modern French written media.