Suchergebnisse

This article argues that the sources of official and societal ambivalence towards civic nationhood in today's Russia are found in the institutional instability and personalist dynamics of hybrid regime politics in the 1990s. Successful civic nation-building should institutionalize inclusive criteria for citizenship as a basis for policymaking, which in turn should create incentives for dominant ethnicities to embrace civic nationhood. While the shifting views of Boris Yel'tsin on nationalities policy and the constant turmoil in the government's nationalities ministry have received little scholarly attention, they illuminate the endogenous sources of regime instability in relation to civic nation-building. Russia's experience thus challenges the traditional view of ethnic nationalism as fostering authoritarianism and civic nationalism as fostering democracy: rather, competitive authoritarianism in the 1990s confounded the regime's own efforts toward civic nation-building and laid the groundwork for the "ethnic turn" in Russian politics under Vladimir Putin.

"This book explores the natures of recent stabilisation efforts and global upstream threats. As prevention is always cheaper than the crisis of state collapse or civil war, the future character of conflict will increasingly involve upstream stabilisation operations. However, the unpredictability and variability of state instability requires governments and militaries to adopt a diversity of approach, conceptualisation and vocabulary. Offering perspectives from theory and practice, the chapters in this collection provide crucial insight into military roles and capabilities, opportunities, risks and limitations, doctrine, strategy and tactics, and measures of effect relevant to operations in upstream environments. This volume will appeal to researchers and practitioners seeking to understand historical and current conflict."--

""Table of Contents""; ""Introduction""; ""Chapter One""; ""Chapter Two""; ""Chapter Three""; ""Chapter Four""; ""Chapter Five""; ""Chapter Six""; ""Chapter Seven""; ""Chapter Eight""; ""Chapter Nine""; ""Chapter Ten""; ""Chapter Eleven""; ""Chapter Twelve""; ""Chapter Thirteen""; ""Chapter Fourteen""; ""Chapter Fifteen""; ""Chapter Sixteen

In this volume, fifteen contributors from the disciplines of law, politics and sociology reflect on South Africa's transition to democracy and the challenges of transformation and nation-building that have confronted the country since the first democratic elections of 1994. The range of topics covered is expansive, in keeping with a broader than usual definition of transitional justice which, it is argued, is more appropriate for states faced with the mammoth tasks of reform and institution-building in a context in which democracy has never been firmly rooted and the existence of widespread poverty gives rise to the dual demands for both bread and freedom. In the case of South Africa, the post-apartheid era has been characterised by wide-ranging attempts at transformation and nation-building, from the well-known Truth and Reconciliation Commission to reforms in education and policing, the promotion of women's rights, the reform of land law, the provision of basic services to hundreds of thousands of poor households, a new framework for freedom of expression, and the transformation of the judiciary. In the light of South Africa's commitment to a new constitutional dispensation and to legal regulation, this volume focuses in particular, but not exclusively, on the role that law and lawyers have played in social and political change in South Africa in the post-apartheid era. It sets the South African experience in historical and comparative perspective and considers whether any lessons may be learnt for the field of transitional justice.

Negotiating Statehood: Dynamics of Power and Domination in Africa provides a conceptual framework for analysing dynamic processes of state-making in Africa.℗¡Features a conceptual framework which provides a method for analysing the everyday making, contestation, and negotiation of statehood in contemporary AfricaConceptualizes who negotiates statehood (the actors, resources and repertoires), where these negotiation processes take place, and what these processes are all aboutIncludes a collections of essays that provides empirical and analytical insights into these processes in eight different c

Cultural policy has been analysed from various perspectives, ranging from sociology over cultural studies to political science. Historians have also been interested in cultural policy, but they have barely reflected on a theoretical framework. In addition, cultural policy has not been thoroughly researched in Luxembourg. The present thesis aims to contribute to this gap and examines how national cultural policy in Luxembourg evolved from the 1920s to the early 1970s. It investigates the presence of the national idea in cultural policy, and possible tensions and connections between the idea of the nation and the use or inclusion of foreign cultural references. Drawing on the concept of Zwischenraum (intermediate space) coined by the historian Philip Ther, the study considers Luxembourg as a nationalised intermediate space with the tensions that this status entails. Furthermore, it investigates how the State Museums, particularly the history section, evolved in the cultural policy context. To analyse the evolution of cultural policy, three interconnected aspects are considered: structures, actors and discourses. Three main periods are considered in a chronological fashion: the interwar period marked by efforts of nation-building and an increasingly interventionist state; the Nazi occupation of Luxembourg (1940-1944), when the idea of an independent nation-state was turned into its opposite; the post-war period until the early 1970s, subdivided into an immediate post-war period marked by restitution and reconstruction, and the 1950s and the 1960s characterised by a state-administrator and a conservative cultural policy. These periods, however, are not always neatly separable and reveal continuities. For each period, the State Museums are analysed in their cultural policy context: from their construction in the age of nation-building, over their ambiguous situation during Nazi occupation, to their new missions in the post-war period.

In this collection, some of South Africa's most distinguished historians and social scientists present their views on the importance of history and heritage for the transformation of the South African society. Although popular use of history helped remove apartheid, the study of history lost status during the transition process. Some of the reasons for this, like the nature of the negotiated revolution, social demobilisation, and individualisation, are analysed in this book. The combination of scholarly work with an active role in changing society has been a central concern in South African history writing. This book warns against the danger of history being caught between reconciliation, commercialisation, and political correctness. Some of the articles critically examine the role of historians in ideological debates on gender, African agency, Afrikaner anti-communism, early South African socialism, and the role of the business world during late apartheid. Other contributions explore continuing controversies on the politics of public history in post-apartheid South Africa, describe the implementation of new policies for history education, or investigate the use of applied history in the land restitution process and in the TRC. The authors also examine a range of new government and private initiatives in the practical use of history, including the establishment of new historical entertainment parks and the conversion of museums and heritage sites. For readers interested in nation building processes and identity politics, this book provides valuable insight. ; CONTENTS -- History in the new South Africa: An introduction/Hans Erik Stolten -- PART I: THE ROLE OF HISTORY IN THE CREATION OF A NEW SOUTH AFRICA -- Thoughts on South Africa: Some preliminary ideas/Saul Dubow -- New nation, new history? Constructing the past in post-apartheid South Africa/Colin Bundy -- Truth rather than justice? Historical narratives, gender, and public education in South Africa/Elaine Unterhalter -- Claiming land and making memory: Engaging with the past in land restitution/Anna Bohlin -- Reflections on practising applied history in South Africa, 1994–2002: From skeletons to schools/Martin Legassick -- From apartheid to democracy in South Africa: A reading of dominant discourses of democratic transition/Thiven Reddy -- PART II: THE HANDLING OF HERITAGE AND THE POPULARISING OF MEMORY -- The politics of public history in post-apartheid South Africa/Gary Baines -- The transformation of heritage in the new South Africa/Christopher Saunders -- Reframing remembrance: The politics of the centenary commemoration of the South African War of 1899–1902/Albert Grundlingh -- Structure of memory: Apartheid in the museum/Georgi Verbeeck -- Building the "new South Africa": Urban space, architectural design, and the disruption of historical memory/Martin Murray -- PART III: INTERPRETATIONS OF SOUTH AFRICAN HISTORY -- Whose memory – whose history? The illusion of liberal and radical historical debates/Bernhard Makhosezwe Magubane -- Four decades of South African academic historical writing: A personal perspective/Christopher Saunders -- The role of business under apartheid: Revisiting the debate/Merle Lipton -- Afrikaner anti-communist history production in South African historiography/Wessel Visser -- "1922 and all that": Facts and the writing of South African political history/Allison Drew -- A useable past: The search for "history in chords"/Catherine Burns

"The multi-cultural region of Central Eurasia is living through its early post-independence years, and as such serves as an ideal case to study and analyse theories of identity and foreign policy in a non-European context. Looking to re-introduce identity as a multi-dimensional factor informing state behaviour, this book analyses the experiences of the different Central Eurasian states in their post-independence pursuits. The book is structured into two broadly defined sections, with the first half examining the different ways in which the combination of domestic, regional, international and trans-national forces worked to advance one national identity over the others in the states that comprise the region of post-Soviet Central Eurasia. In the second half, chapters analyse the many ways in which identity, once shaped, affected foreign policy behaviours of the regional states, as well as the overall security dynamics in the region. The book also looks at the ways in which identity, by doing so, enjoys an intricate, mutually constitutive, relationship with the strategic context in which it bears its effects on the state and the region. Finally, given the special role Russia has historically played in defining the evolutionary trajectory of the regional states, the book discusses the ways in which Russia itself and its post-Cold war policies towards its former colonies have been conditioned by factors associated with Russia's evolving post-Soviet identity. Placing the region firmly within existing theories of identity and state practices, the book will be of interest to students and scholars of Central Asian Politics, Security Studies, Foreign Policy and International Relations"--

"The role of performance and rituals is central to the study of nationalism and ethnicity. This book explores, debates and evaluates the role of rituals and performances in the emergence, persistence and transformation of nations, nationalisms and national identity"--

Cover; The Politics of Nation-Building: Making Co-Nationals, Refugees, and Minorities; Problems of International Politics; Title; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; List of Figures, Maps, Tables, Graph, and Illustrations; Acknowledgments; List of Abbreviations; Preface; 1 Introduction; THE PUZZLE; THE ARGUMENT; WHY STUDY NATION-BUILDING POLICIES?; BOOK PLAN; PART I: THEORY; 2 The International Politics of Assimilation, Accommodation, and Exclusion; NATION-BUILDING POLICIES: ASSIMILATION, ACCOMMODATION, AND EXCLUSION; ACTORS: HOST STATE, NON-CORE GROUP, EXTERNAL POWER. - Host State: The Core Group and Its Ruling Political ElitesState Capacity; Non-Core Group; A Statist Perspective; Organization; Political Demands; External Power; Motivations for External Involvement; Effects of External Involvement; A GEOSTRATEGIC ARGUMENT: ALLIANCES AND FOREIGN POLICY GOALS; Configuration I: Immunization Through Assimilation; Configuration II: Accommodation of Non-Core Groups Supported by Allies; Configuration III: Exclusion of Enemy-Supported Groups in Revisionist States; Configuration IV: Assimilation of Enemy-Supported Groups in Status Quo States; Possible Causal Paths. - CONCLUSIONPART II: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE; 3 Why the Balkans?; OTTOMAN LEGACY IN THE BALKANS; The Millet System; The Emergence of New Nation-States; The Antecedents of Nation-Building in the Balkans; GREAT POWERS, BALKAN STATES, AND THE "EASTERN QUESTION"; THE BALKAN STATES FOLLOWING WORLD WAR I; The "Defeated"; The "Victors"; A Bystander; 4 Cross-National Variation: Nation-Building in Post-World War I Balkans; RESEARCH DESIGN: OPERATIONALIZATION AND MEASUREMENT; The Dependent Variable: Nation-Building Policies; Independent Variables; ANALYSIS; Patterns: Descriptive Statistics