In the last couple of years, the concept of knowledge co-production has become more prominent. However, the meaning of the term and its relationship with the evidence-based policy (EBP) remains ambiguous. The main objectives of the review were to describe how the co-production of knowledge has been defined, the roles that individual actors can play in the process and the relationship between knowledge co-production and the evidence-based policy approach. The author asserted that the knowledge co-production was treated by the researchers both as a participatory research method and as an institutional solution for better policy implementation.
Opracowanie ma charakter poglądowo-teoretyczny, powstało bowiem na podstawie przeglądu dostępnej literatury przedmiotu (polskiej i zagranicznej). Publikacja skierowana jest zarówno do naukowców jak i studentów zajmujących się tematyką starzenia się ludności, starości i osób starszych oraz do coraz szerszego grona zainteresowanych tymi zagadnieniami praktyków, w tym polityków i decydentów oraz reprezentantów usług publicznych, przedstawicieli mediów i organizacji pozarządowych.
W artykule omówiono zagadnienia związane z lutownością, która w bezpośredni sposób wpływa na jakość gotowych wyrobów, w których wykorzystywana jest technologia lutowania. Przedstawiono urządzenie do badania parametrów określających lutowność. Urządzenie jest w pełni skomputeryzowane, proces jest sterowany i kontrolowany przy użyciu algorytmów opracowanych i zaimplementowanych poprzez dedykowane oprogramowanie, co zapewnia precyzyjną regulację wszystkich parametrów eksperymentu. ; The article discusses the solderability, which directly affects the quality of products, in which soldering technology is used. Knowledge of the value of selected solderability parameters determines the production process that affects its speed and efficiency, thereby reducing costs. The ban introduced by the European Union on the use of solders with the addition of lead, entails the development of new solders and solderability measurement systems to ensure obtaining quantitative results.
In recent years, there has been an intense public debate about the implementation of the age-friendly cities and communities concept as well as its more recent and broader iteration related to smart healthy age-friendly environments (SHAFE). The first part of the article introduces the basic concepts and current activities of the European Commission in the area of promoting intergenerational dialogue and programming intergenerational relations policies. This discussion is followed by concise analyses of case studies focused on selected social innovation projects and methodologies aimed at: (1) empowering facilitators of the concepts of age-friendly cities and communities as well as smart, healthy and inclusive environments; (2) facilitating citizens, especially older people, to deal with public health crises; and (3) supporting the voice of senior citizens in deciding on the goals and objectives of public policies (co-design), their implementation (governance, co-delivery/co-production of public services) as well as their monitoring and evaluation (co-assessment). The final section contains recommendations for selected entities responsible for public policies on ageing and suggestions for further research directions.
Me-economy and we-economy are models (trends, streams) in the global economy development. In the me-economy model the core of interest is a consumer (user, client, prosumer, etc.) and the customisation in meeting customers' needs. Contrary to me-economy, we-economy stands for reciprocity economy, co-production of products and/or services by the users and clients, supported by neighbourly relations and co-operation, the principles of wikinomics and prosumption. The above-mentioned trend combines the features of different systems and economic streams, i.e. the market economy with the traditional economy and the centrally controlled economic system, as well as the laissez-faire approach with libertarianism and liberalism. Due to the limited role of the state in functioning of this trend and the lack of suitable legal regulations and economic tools which would determine the development of we-economy, it is often perceived as a threat to social and economic security, and not as a direction of development stimulating the activities of various entities.
The aim of the article is to demonstrate how science and researchcooperation may help to reintegrate the Baltic region in the 21st century withthe participation of Russia. This is done through the analysis of documentsand strategies of Baltic Sea regionalism in the context of the regional knowledgeregime. Attention is paid to different positionalities of the regional actorsand their narratives. The theoretical framework is secured by an analysis ofcritical junctures drawing on case studies from the years 1989-91 and 2014 andthe subsequent reconfiguration of the power / knowledge nexus. The analysisshows that this reconfiguration actively contributes to creating and changingthe content and context of the Baltic Sea regionalism as based on new symbolic,economic, and political capitals. The conclusion points to the potentialof Russia's involvement in the co-creation of the regional knowledge regimeand defines the conditions and methods of possible cooperation.
The aim of this publication is to outline changes that have been observed in Poland and to present the place of the Polish industry, including production, services and international trade, since the accession to the European Union. Rating highly the role of industry and proper conducting of a pro-growth policy in Poland and the European Union, one part of the study concerns the analysis of basic indicators of the Polish industry structure and the final part the realization of the Europe 2020 strategy. The analytical description in the publication was enriched with a wide set of tables, as well as a crosssectional collection of information on industry in Poland and on the European Union member states in rank order. The high dynamics observed in Poland resulted, among others, from an over double growth in the production of electrical equipment, computers, electronic and optical products as well as of metal products. The Strategy Europe 2020 is a socio-economic development programme for Poland and the EU growth. The goal of the Europe 2020 strategy is to create the economy - based on knowledge, low-emission policies promoting environmentally friendly technologies, making an efficient use of resources, and also aiming at social cohesion.
The author of the article introduces the problem of the Bologna Process and presents its importance for the Polish Higher Education. In accordance with the assumptions of the Bologna Process, the students shall become active members and co-creators of the European Higher Education Area. The condition which would entitle them to participate fully in the process is knowledge and concioussnes of its meanind. In connection with the above-mentioned remarks, the author of the paper decided to examine consciousness of the students with in the scope of this issue. In the article the research assumptions are presented as well as the characteristics of the examined community and the description and analysis of the results of opinion polls, which were done at the Nicolaus Copernicus University among the stationary and extramural students of various faculties and various levels of education (112 students were examined). The research group was selected on purpose for the needs of the Seminar devoted to the issue: The Nicolaus Copernicus University in the Bologna Process which took place on 12th May 2008. The aim of such choice was to compare the obtained results referring to the state of consciousness of the students concerning the Bologna Process and its assumptions with the results of research which had been obtained earlier and which were performed at selected universities of Bydgoszcz in 2006. The results allow to state that most of the examined students know very little about the Bologna Process and its assumptions and as they do not possess the required knowledge, they cannot be conscious participants of this Process. The consciousness of implementation of these assumptions is at low level, which is a consequence of unsatisfactory level of knowledge. The presented diagnosis is worrying and suggests implementation of the activities which will change this situation. ; Projekt Operacyjny Polska Cyfrowa POPC.02.03.01-00-0039/18
The aim of the article is to define the attitude of Polish parliamentary political parties towards the method of energy production, as well as to present the social perception of changes in the energy sector. The structural connections between parties, based on their energy concepts, were presented by the so called "affiliation networks". Discourse Network Analysis, used in the study, also allowed to identify the most frequently co-occurring concepts expressed by different parties over the past fifteen years (coal, natural gas and renewable energy sources). As a result of the analysis, differences in the parties` approach to the energy issues were determined (among others: division between Law and Justice and Civic Platform since 2011; support for the exclusion of coal as an energy source made by Left and Civic Coalition in the year 2019). In order to present social attitudes towards the energy transformation data created by the Public Opinion Research Centre were used. According to the data, the main concern revealed by Poles regarding the energy transformation process is the possible rising cost of the energy.
Poland has been a full member of the European Union for five years already. One of the results of this membership is the opportunity to obtain co-financing for domestic investments and activities, provided via structural funds. Both Polish society and potential beneficiaries (e.g. businesses, provinces, institutions, NGOs) have enormous expectations in this respect. However, these expectations are not based on genuine awareness of the objectives of the EU's financial instruments, the principles of their planning, implementation, or their actual impact. Since the significance of EU cohesion policy among other EU policies continues to rise, it is necessary to examine its present shape and compare it with the former budget programming period. This will allow one to envisage the direction this policy is taking, as it is shaped by the subsequent reforms. Additionally, this knowledge may be crucial at present, when the funds provided by the EU's' financial perspective 2007–2013 are being spent, and it may also be useful in the near future, during the negotiations on the shape of cohesion policy after 2013, also including the subject of Poland's maintaining the status of one of the largest beneficiaries of the Union's financial support. ; Poland has been a full member of the European Union for five years already. One of the results of this membership is the opportunity to obtain co-financing for domestic investments and activities, provided via structural funds. Both Polish society and potential beneficiaries (e.g. businesses, provinces, institutions, NGOs) have enormous expectations in this respect. However, these expectations are not based on genuine awareness of the objectives of the EU's financial instruments, the principles of their planning, implementation, or their actual impact. Since the significance of EU cohesion policy among other EU policies continues to rise, it is necessary to examine its present shape and compare it with the former budget programming period. This will allow one to envisage the direction this policy is taking, as it is shaped by the subsequent reforms. Additionally, this knowledge may be crucial at present, when the funds provided by the EU's' financial perspective 2007–2013 are being spent, and it may also be useful in the near future, during the negotiations on the shape of cohesion policy after 2013, also including the subject of Poland's maintaining the status of one of the largest beneficiaries of the Union's financial support.
The effective absorption of European funds, contributes to the development of the economy of a member state. This ability depends on the conditions of both the recipient and the institution transferring funds. The beneficiary effectiveness depends on its level of development, which determines the hierarchy of its needs and skills of own resources' accumulation, necessary co-financing. The institution transferring funds are decisive quality of the institutional system and the transparency regulations for EU assistance. The financial correction is a sanction for any irregularities made by the beneficiaries in the implementation of projects co-financed by European Union funds. The aim of the analysis is to determine the factors affecting the risk of repayment of the EU grant by the beneficiary during the permanence period, and to indicate the level of significance of occurred deficiencies that affect the amount of financial correction. The essential thesis is a statement that there are many irregularities in the shelf life associated mainly with insufficient knowledge and experience of the beneficiaries. ; Efektywna absorpcja przyznanych środków europejskich przyczynia się do rozwoju gospodarki kraju członkowskiego. Zdolność ta jest uzależniona od uwarunkowań zarówno beneficjenta, jak i instytucji przekazującej środki. Po stronie beneficjenta efektywność zależy od poziomu jego rozwoju, który wyznacza hierarchię jego potrzeb, oraz od umiejętności zgromadzenia środków własnych, niezbędnych przy współfinansowaniu. Po stronie instytucji przekazującej środki decydujące to jakość systemu instytucjonalnego i przejrzystość regulacji dotyczących pomocy unijnej. Korekta finansowa stanowi sankcję za wszelkie nieprawidłowości dokonane przez beneficjentów w zakresie realizacji projektów współfinansowanych ze środków funduszy Unii Europejskiej. Celem analizy jest określenie czynników wpływających na ryzyko zwrotu dotacji unijnej przez beneficjenta w okresie trwałości oraz wskazanie poziomu istotności zaistniałych uchybień, które rzutują na wysokość korekty finansowej. Zasadniczą tezę stanowi stwierdzenie, iż istnieje wiele nieprawidłowości występujących w okresie trwałości, związanych głównie z niedostateczną wiedzą i doświadczeniem beneficjentów.
Poland has been a full member of the European Union for five years already. One of the results of this membership is the opportunity to obtain co-financing for domestic investments and activities, provided via structural funds. Both Polish society and potential beneficiaries (e.g. businesses, provinces, institutions, NGOs) have enormous expectations in this respect. However, these expectations are not based on genuine awareness of the objectives of the EU's financial instruments, the principles of their planning, implementation, or their actual impact. Since the significance of EU cohesion policy among other EU policies continues to rise, it is necessary to examine its present shape and compare it with the former budget programming period. This will al- low one to envisage the direction this policy is taking, as it is shaped by the subsequent reforms. Additionally, this knowledge may be crucial at present, when the funds pro- vided by the EU's' financial perspective 2007–2013 are being spent, and it may also be useful in the near future, during the negotiations on the shape of cohesion policy after 2013, also including the subject of Poland's maintaining the status of one of the largest beneficiaries of the Union's financial support.
Publikacja recenzowana / Peer-reviewed publication ; Celem artykułu jest próba udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy metodologiczna charakterystyka wiedzy o bezpieczeństwie organizacji o celach politycznych (wiedzy o bezpieczeństwie państwa) jest odmienna od metodologicznej charakterystyki wiedzy o bezpieczeństwie organizacji o celach gospodarczych. Przyjęta została następująca koncepcja bezpieczeństwa: bezpieczeństwo określonego podmiotu jest stanem, w którym podmiot ten, w sytuacji konfliktu wartości, w zakresie nadanego przez siebie zasobu dóbr, ma zdolność do suwerennego podejmowania i realizowania legalnych decyzji, zgodnych z uznawaną przez siebie hierarchią wartości. W świetle tej definicji nauki o bezpieczeństwie należą do nauk stosowanych (praktycznych), co przesądza o tożsamości charakterystyki metodologicznej naukowej wiedzy o bezpieczeństwie rozważanych podmiotów. Nauka o bezpieczeństwie państwa różni się jednak od nauki o bezpieczeństwie w biznesie swoim przedmiotem, ze względu na wspomnianą odmienność celów działania państwa i organizacji gospodarczej. ; The article constitutes an attempt to answer the question whether the methodological description of knowledge on security of organizations with political objectives (knowledge on security of state) is different from the methodological description of knowledge on security of organizations with economic objectives. The following security concept has been accepted: security of specific subjects is a state in which the subjects in a situation of conflict of values, within the source of goods granted by themselves, have the ability of sovereign legal decision-making and realization, accordant with the hierarchy of values recognized by them. In the light of this definition, security studies belong to applied (practical) studies, which determines the identity of the methodological description of the scientific knowledge on the safety of the considered subjects. However, studies on state safety differ in their object from studies on business security, due to the mentioned difference of objectives of the activity of the state and the economic organization. ; В статье сделана попытка ответить на вопрос – чем отличается методологическая характеристика знаний о безопасности организации, имеющей политические цели (знания о безопасности государства), от методологической характеристики знаний о безопасности организации имеющей хозяйственные цели? Была принята следую- щая концепция безопасности: безопасность конкретного субъекта является состоя- нием, при котором этот субъект в ситуации конфликта интересов (в области важных для него ресурсов богатств), имеет возможность принимать суверенные решения и поступать в соответствии с законом и в соответствии с важной для него системой ценностей. В свете этого определения, наука о безопасности принадлежит к среде прикладных наук, что предопределяет об идентичности методологических характе- ристик научных знаний о безопасности рассматриваемых субъектов. Наука о безопас- ности государства отличается от науки о безопасности бизнеса предметом изучения, прежде всего по причине разных целей действия государства и действия экономиче- ской организации.
Please visit: http://krzysztoffirlej.pl/; Współczesne systemy doradztwa rolniczego krajów Unii Europejskiej ukształtowały ewolucyjne przemiany i przekształcenia instytucjonalne dokonane w ostatnich dziesięcioleciach. Ewolucja systemu doradztwa rolniczego miała indywidualny przebieg w poszczególnych krajach Unii Europejskiej, co spowodowało ukształtowanie różnych form systemu doradztwa – od państwowego, przez półpaństwowy, aż do prywatnego. Zmiany te z jednej strony były odpowiedzią na potrzeby rolników, z drugiej zaś wynikały ze specyfiki i możliwości budżetowych danego kraju. W ogólnym ujęciu, doradztwo jest działalnością zmierzającą do optymalnego rozwiązywania rodzących się problemów. Doradztwo (ang. extension or advisory) wiąże się z czynnością praktyczną – doradzaniem, które jest zdarzeniem społecznym polegającym na doraźnym działaniu udoskonalającym zachowanie jednostek lub grup, przez udział doradzającego (doradcy) w rozwiązywaniu problemów osób, którym się doradza, problemów dostrzeżonych nie tyle przez te osoby lub grupy, ile przez doradzającego. Z kolei doradztwo rolnicze to multidyscyplinarna dziedzina wiedzy łącząca w sobie elementy wielu nauk, między innymi: pedagogiki (andragogiki), psychologii, socjologii, ekonomii, zarządzania, marketingu. ; Summary: Modern farm advisory systems of the European Union countries were formed under the influence of evolutionary change and institutional transformations which have been made in the recent decades. The evolution of the farm advisory system had a unique course in different countries which resulted in shaping different forms of the advisory system from public, through semi-public to private. The aim of this study is to confirm that the farmers from the most industrialized countries eagerly use the instruments of common agricultural policy in the field of advisory services. It is widely assumed that the proper use of the farm advisory system affects the effectiveness of agricultural production in a specific country, sector or specific trade. The result of the conducted analysis is a thesis that highly developed countries of the Western Europe have been using various forms of agricultural production support for years, including all instruments related to the farm advisory system which favours their agricultural development. The authors put the programs, types, amount and the use of the funds intended for the farm advisory system in selected countries of the European Union to statistical and economic analysis. ; Krzysztof Firlej
