Criminal investigation is a dynamic endeavor impacted by changes in human nature, statutory and constitutional laws, and methods of operation. New challenges are constantly posed for the investigator and the investigation of drug offenses is no exception. It takes advanced skills to keep pace with the criminal mind. Unfortunately, the skills acquired in basic police training are just that: basic. In order to stay ahead of their criminal counterparts, drug enforcement officers must seek extensive, ongoing training and knowledge, not just to secure a lawful conviction but to keep themselves and
AbstractMajor disasters represent infrequent events that often require response organizations to vicariously learn from the experiences of others in order to improve their operations. A primary mechanism for such knowledge diffusion is the different practitioner and empirical journals for the organizational fields that comprise disaster response. A review of the literature for the law enforcement field, however, reveals that little attention is given to how these organizations manage actual disasters. In particular, the presentation of organizational experiences, whether through case studies or other methodologies, is very limited in the practitioner and empirical literature of this field. This represents a considerable problem for improvements of disaster response operations given that law enforcement agencies represent a key component in such efforts. The research presented in this article is an effort to fill this knowledge gap and thereby facilitate organizational learning to improve future law enforcement disaster response activities. The authors traveled to Mississippi and Louisiana after Hurricane Katrina to examine the response efforts of state and local law enforcement agencies to the storm. The findings from this research are reported here in a lessons‐learned format to inform law enforcement disaster response policy.
A judgment in a civil matter rendered in a foreign country is not automatically recognized in Israel. Before a judgment will be recognized or enforced, it must first undergo a domestic integration process. A declaration that a foreign judgment is enforceable in Israel is dependent upon its meeting certain conditions specified by statute, irrespective of whether recognition of the foreign judgment is indirect or direct. These conditions serve as the main route for giving validity to foreign in rem judgments and to personal status judgments, which cannot otherwise be enforced; recognition of a judgment as enforceable, however, enables it to be executed.The book integrates lucid, theoretical analysis of the issues of enforcement and recognition of foreign judgments with practical instructions. It thus serves as a valuable guide for anyone whether in the context of international commerce or to resolve transnational legal disputes. Despite the complexity of the questions addressed in the book, they are given accurate and easily understandable answers. Haggai Carmon's book grapples with the range of issues arising from the recognition of foreign judgments and their enforcement, i.e., the declaration that they are enforceable judgments. The book thoroughly and methodically examines these issues…Haggai Carmon has outstanding expertise in international law. He has a breadth of legal knowledge and extensive experience in both the theoretical and practical aspects of both private and public international law. He serves as legal counsel to commercial entities as well as foreign governmental agencies; amongst others, he is an outside legal counsel to the government of the United States. As this text reflects, Haggai Carmon is also a first-rate scholar and he shares his knowledge in a style that is suitable to every reader.Eliezer Rivlin, Deputy Chief Justice, the Israel Supreme Court
Chapter 1. Introduction -- Part I: Technology, Governance and Markets -- Chapter 2. The promise and prospects of blockchain-based decentralized business models -- Chapter 3. Rendering value from urban digital geographies: Innovation, markets and slow AI -- Chapter 4. Personal AI to maximize the value of personal data while defending human rights and democracy -- Chapter 5. Assembling the geographic information market in the United States -- Chapter 6. Big data without big brothers: The potential of gentle rule-enforcement -- Part II: Technology, Learning and Decision-Making -- Chapter 7. On the need to understand human behavior to do analytics of behavior -- Chapter 8. Boosting consumers: Algorithm-supported decision-making under uncertainty to (learn to) navigate algorithm-based decision environments -- Chapter 9. Orientation to the use of care robots in care services: The encounter of knowledge and technology -- Chapter 10. The datafication of knowledge production and consequences for the pursuit of social justice -- Part III: Entrepreneurship, Digital Labor and Civic Engagement -- Chapter 11. Europe's scaleup geography and the role of access to talent -- Chapter 12. The relational spaces of digital labour -- Chapter 13. Thinking about cyborg activism -- Chapter 14. Data-based frictions in civic action: Trust, technology and participation.
This study aims to determine: the meaning of vigilante action or eigenrechting, the impact that can be caused by vigilante action and, law enforcement against vigilante action in society. This research is included in the type of qualitative research which is a literature study (Library Research) which uses journals as reading references. The method used is descriptive analysis by providing clear, objective, systematic, analytical and critical descriptions and information regarding the impact and law enforcement of self-play in the community. The data used in this study is secondary data whose material is sourced from legal journals. The act of vigilantism is a translation of the word from the Dutch language, namely "Eigenrichting" which is defined as a way of taking vigilantes which is carried out by taking rights without heeding applicable laws, without the knowledge of the government and without the use of tools on the government's power. Violence often coexists with violations of the rights of others. Acts of vigilantism can have an impact on many parties such as victims of mis-targeting, perpetrators of crimes who are victims, the community, crime rates, even those who take part in taking vigilante action are also affected by their actions which can be punished according to their actions. what he has done. Punishments that can ensnare perpetrators of vigilante action have been regulated in the Criminal Code, namely Article 170 of the Criminal Code which regulates legal sanctions for perpetrators who commit acts of violence against people or goods in public, Article 351 of the Criminal Code regarding acts of persecution and Article 55 of the Criminal Code regarding participating in acts of violence. and in doing an action.
This book explores issues of law enforcement cooperation across borders from a variety of disciplinary perspectives. In doing so it adopts a comparative framework hitherto unexplored; namely the EU and the Australsian/Asia-Pacific region whose relative geopolitical remoteness from each other decreases with every incremental increase in globalisation. The borders under examination include both macro-level cooperation between nation-states, as well as micro-level cooperation between different Executive agencies within a nation-state. In terms of disciplinary borders the contributions demonstrate the breadth of academic insight that can be brought to bear on this topic. The volume contributes to the wider context for evidence-based policy-making and knowledge-based policing by bringing together leading academics, public policy-makers, legal practitioners and law enforcement officials from Europe, Australia and the Asian-Pacific region, to shed new light on the pressing problems impeding cross-border policing and law enforcement globally and regionally. Problems common to all jurisdictions are discussed and innovative best practice solutions and models are considered. The book is structured in four parts: Police cooperation in the EU; in Australia; in the Asia-Pacific Region; and finally it considers issues of jurisdiction and due process/human rights issues, with a focus on regional cooperation strategies for countering human trafficking, organised crime and terrorism. The book will be of interest to both academic and practitioner communities in policing, criminology, international relations, and comparative Asia-Pacific and EU legal studies.
Surveillance Systems have become increasingly powerful. Conventional camera based Systems are extended with all kind of sensors (RFID, GPS, etc.), the number of data sources increases, hardware and algorithms improve, and data can potentially be shared between interlinked networks. The technological progress does not threaten solely the protection of privacy; it also provides an opportunity to achieve data and privacy protection on a new level. In this work we propose privacy and security mechanisms to achieve data protection in surveillance systems while providing the best possible functionality. The suggested methods are included in an Object-Oriented World Model (OOWM) that serves as central information hub. It has been developed as a part of the semi-autonomous surveillance system NEST. All member states of the European Union must obey the directive on the protection on personal data. Hence the suggested approach enforces mechanisms to be compliant with the directive that cannot be bypassed. To allow flexible handling of data, the privacy concept for personal data is task-oriented and granular access controls are enforced according to the principle of least privilege. To ensure personal rights, an observed individual can request and access data collected about him. All data related to him can then be corrected or deleted on request with minimal influence to the surveillance tasks. To achieve non-repudiation all changes in the world model are logged. This also helps to ensure data freshness. The approach also aims at data minimization. A minimal amount of information is collected and irrelevant data are deleted as quickly as possible. Processed data are also minimized; i.e. only relevant objects, attributes, and prior knowledge are processed. Concluding, only relevant data is stored outside the world model. The persistent information is linked to the world model and appropriate access controls are enforced to realize multiple access levels.
In: Policy sciences: integrating knowledge and practice to advance human dignity ; the journal of the Society of Policy Scientists, Band 43, Heft 2, S. 181-201
Public sector information as open data : access, re-use and the third innovation paradigm Marco Ricolfi -- Licensing research data under open access conditions under European law Lucie Guibault -- Intellectual property in the Cathedral Dan L. Burk -- Trademark law and the public domain Martin Senftleben -- Patent eligibility : the 'sick-man' of patent law Erika Ellyne -- Exceptions, limitations and collective management of rights as vehicles for access to information Johan Axhamn -- Synergetic interaction between intellectual property and consumer protection : a pragmatic proposal to rebalance incentives and access Andrea Stazi and Maximiliano Marzetti -- Framing and explaining the politicization of intellectual property rights in the knowledge society Ingrid Schneider -- From data to wisdom : the contribution of intellectual property rights to the knowledge pyramid Roger Kampf -- The ACTA/TPP country clubs Peter K. Yu -- Rethinking the enforcement of intellectual property rights at international level Christophe Geiger
Effective regulation goes hand in hand with a normatively effective enforcement regime. In the context of sea-fisheries law, it is crucial that the law is fit for purpose and that it is enforced effectively in order to meet sustainability and conservation objectives under the Common Fisheries Policy. Therefore, it is essential that Ireland is compliant with its enforcement obligations under EU fisheries law. Although regulation and enforcement has been researched extensively worldwide, sea-fisheries law and its enforcement in Ireland has been almost entirely neglected in the literature. Fisheries are a politically contentious issue and yet this intensely regulated area has never been the subject of dedicated academic research in Ireland. To the author's knowledge, this research is the first comprehensive analysis of the sea-fisheries enforcement regime in Ireland. As the author is employed in the legal division of the national enforcement agency for sea-fisheries, the Sea-Fisheries Protection Authority, the research benefits from unique insights into how enforcement operates in practice, which would not otherwise be accessible. Therefore, the research takes a distinctly practical view of regulation and enforcement of sea-fisheries law in Ireland, with the benefit of a practitioner focus based on professional experience. The thesis undertakes a review of the key pieces of legislation governing sea-fisheries law which is enforced exclusively by criminal prosecution without any alternative sanction options. The effectiveness of this reliance on criminal prosecution is considered with a view to determining whether administrative sanctions could be introduced to supplement or replace the existing enforcement system. This may also have implications for other areas of regulation in Ireland, many of which are also reliant on criminal prosecution to enforce regulatory norms. In particular, the nature of what constitutes a crime is considered in order to inform a discussion of the utility of defining and prosecuting ...
Cybercrime is a growing issue, still not fully understood by researchers or policing/law enforcement communities. UK Government reports assert that victims of cybercrime were unlikely to report crimes immediately due to the perception that police were ill-equipped to deal with these offences. Additionally, these reports identify policing issues including a lack of cybercrime knowledge. This paper reviews current research, providing a comprehensive account of cybercrime and addressing issues in policing such offences. We achieve this by describing the technological, individual, social and situational landscapes conducive to cybercrime, and how this knowledge may inform strategies to overcome current issues in investigations.
The current state of knowledge on cyber stalking in the United Kingdom is reviewed. Cyber stalking connotes stalking activities which are carried out by perpetrators in the virtual world via any aspects of information technology or electronic means resulting in a victim or victims suffering emotional and arguably mental and psychological harm. Building on this knowledge, the methods used by cyber stalkers to harass victims are identified. The effects of cyber stalking on victims are then analysed taking into account recent research findings. Following from this, the prevalence of cyber stalking is examined and the effectiveness of existing legislation is evaluated taking into account the recently introduced laws on face-to-face stalking and cyber stalking. The paper concludes by giving an overview of the challenges faced by law enforcement agencies in the cross jurisdictional prosecution of cyber stalkers.