Suchergebnisse

This thesis relates to the role of the experiential stories sharing and the episodical knowledge supported in risk management training. This research topic is related to fields such as community of practice, storytelling, professional didactic, risk management or case based reasoning. It is of two interests: - Teaching: experiential stories are usually used (more than 1 situation of training observed on 3), and allow the transfer and the construction of new resources thanks to the confrontation of the experiences. These new resources are episodical knowledge and can be used to analyze the situation, to work out an strategy, or to develop reflexive knowledge - Operational for risk management situations: in solving problem situation, individual can evoke episodes which take part positively in the management of the situation (2 situations out of 3). One also notes that more one episode is closed to the individual (a lived episode being closer than an episode shared within the collective, it even nearer than an episode suggested by the organization), more it supports episodical knowledge useful in the situation to be managed. The interest of this thesis is to identify already the experiential stories sharing like an informal practice already present, inexpensive and useful for the formation and the risk management. That's why it deserves at the same time to be regarded scientifically as a tool for the construction of the critical situations resources, and to be developed within the organizations. ; L'aviation de chasse est un système à risques où les personnels navigants sont souvent confrontés à des situations problématiques. Certains de ces problèmes ne peuvent pas être anticipés car il est impossible de connaître et de maîtriser l'ensemble des variables d'un système complexe, et donc de prévoir toutes les situations à risques. Les dispositifs de formation existants ne peuvent donc pas être suffisants pour former à la résolution de tous les problèmes possibles. Parallèlement, de nombreux récits expérientiels ...

This thesis relates to the role of the experiential stories sharing and the episodical knowledge supported in risk management training. This research topic is related to fields such as community of practice, storytelling, professional didactic, risk management or case based reasoning. It is of two interests: - Teaching: experiential stories are usually used (more than 1 situation of training observed on 3), and allow the transfer and the construction of new resources thanks to the confrontation of the experiences. These new resources are episodical knowledge and can be used to analyze the situation, to work out an strategy, or to develop reflexive knowledge - Operational for risk management situations: in solving problem situation, individual can evoke episodes which take part positively in the management of the situation (2 situations out of 3). One also notes that more one episode is closed to the individual (a lived episode being closer than an episode shared within the collective, it even nearer than an episode suggested by the organization), more it supports episodical knowledge useful in the situation to be managed. The interest of this thesis is to identify already the experiential stories sharing like an informal practice already present, inexpensive and useful for the formation and the risk management. That's why it deserves at the same time to be regarded scientifically as a tool for the construction of the critical situations resources, and to be developed within the organizations. ; L'aviation de chasse est un système à risques où les personnels navigants sont souvent confrontés à des situations problématiques. Certains de ces problèmes ne peuvent pas être anticipés car il est impossible de connaître et de maîtriser l'ensemble des variables d'un système complexe, et donc de prévoir toutes les situations à risques. Les dispositifs de formation existants ne peuvent donc pas être suffisants pour former à la résolution de tous les problèmes possibles. Parallèlement, de nombreux récits expérientiels ...

International audience ; The purpose of this study is to observe the region's firms' behaviour in the field of knowledge management, and draw up an inventory of practices related to the use of management tools, and their evolution. In particular, we seek to highlight firms' objectives (competitor watch, customer relations management, knowledge capitalisation, improvement of the information exchange process, etc), the tools they use (databases, groupware, etc) and their organisational and human resource management measures. The problems encountered in implementing knowledge management policies will also be underlined (cultural aspects, user resistance, etc). ; L'objet de cette recherche est d'analyser le comportement des entreprises de la région Languedoc Roussillon en matière de management des connaissances, de faire un état des lieux des pratiques et de leur évolution. En particulier il est mis en évidence les objectifs des entreprises (veille concurrentielle, gestion de la relation client, capitalisation des savoirs, amélioration des processus d'échange d'informations.), les outils déployés (bases de données, logiciels de travail collaboratif.), ainsi que les dispositifs organisationnels et de gestion des ressources humaines mobilisés. Les problèmes rencontrés dans la mise en oeuvre des politiques de management des connaissances seront également soulignés (culture, réticences.).

International audience ; The purpose of this study is to observe the region's firms' behaviour in the field of knowledge management, and draw up an inventory of practices related to the use of management tools, and their evolution. In particular, we seek to highlight firms' objectives (competitor watch, customer relations management, knowledge capitalisation, improvement of the information exchange process, etc), the tools they use (databases, groupware, etc) and their organisational and human resource management measures. The problems encountered in implementing knowledge management policies will also be underlined (cultural aspects, user resistance, etc). ; L'objet de cette recherche est d'analyser le comportement des entreprises de la région Languedoc Roussillon en matière de management des connaissances, de faire un état des lieux des pratiques et de leur évolution. En particulier il est mis en évidence les objectifs des entreprises (veille concurrentielle, gestion de la relation client, capitalisation des savoirs, amélioration des processus d'échange d'informations.), les outils déployés (bases de données, logiciels de travail collaboratif.), ainsi que les dispositifs organisationnels et de gestion des ressources humaines mobilisés. Les problèmes rencontrés dans la mise en oeuvre des politiques de management des connaissances seront également soulignés (culture, réticences.).

The "loi pour une république numérique" act and the Open Science Plan support the opening of public data to citizens, who finance their production, and the sharing of scientific data to encourage innovation from their reuse. While these measures are legitimate, they require significant changes in practice or even real paradigm shifts, which raise questions, despite the avenues launched by the open science plan.The objective of our group is to identify these necessary changes, from the point of view of daily scientific practices, in order to anticipate possible blockages and make recommendations to prevent them. In order to that aim, we have mobilised our knowledge of practices in the laboratories of several disciplines (disciplines represented: biology, physics, history and art history), from the point of view of several professions (researchers, professors, librairian, archivist). ; L'ouverture des données de la recherche demande des changements dans les pratiques scientifiques quotidiennes. Le Collège Données de la recherche du Comité pour la science ouverte identifie les changements nécessaires et émet six préconisations pour anticiper les blocages potentiels.

The "loi pour une république numérique" act and the Open Science Plan support the opening of public data to citizens, who finance their production, and the sharing of scientific data to encourage innovation from their reuse. While these measures are legitimate, they require significant changes in practice or even real paradigm shifts, which raise questions, despite the avenues launched by the open science plan.The objective of our group is to identify these necessary changes, from the point of view of daily scientific practices, in order to anticipate possible blockages and make recommendations to prevent them. In order to that aim, we have mobilised our knowledge of practices in the laboratories of several disciplines (disciplines represented: biology, physics, history and art history), from the point of view of several professions (researchers, professors, librairian, archivist). ; L'ouverture des données de la recherche demande des changements dans les pratiques scientifiques quotidiennes. Le Collège Données de la recherche du Comité pour la science ouverte identifie les changements nécessaires et émet six préconisations pour anticiper les blocages potentiels.

The "loi pour une république numérique" act and the Open Science Plan support the opening of public data to citizens, who finance their production, and the sharing of scientific data to encourage innovation from their reuse. While these measures are legitimate, they require significant changes in practice or even real paradigm shifts, which raise questions, despite the avenues launched by the open science plan.The objective of our group is to identify these necessary changes, from the point of view of daily scientific practices, in order to anticipate possible blockages and make recommendations to prevent them. In order to that aim, we have mobilised our knowledge of practices in the laboratories of several disciplines (disciplines represented: biology, physics, history and art history), from the point of view of several professions (researchers, professors, librairian, archivist). ; L'ouverture des données de la recherche demande des changements dans les pratiques scientifiques quotidiennes. Le Collège Données de la recherche du Comité pour la science ouverte identifie les changements nécessaires et émet six préconisations pour anticiper les blocages potentiels.

The "loi pour une république numérique" act and the Open Science Plan support the opening of public data to citizens, who finance their production, and the sharing of scientific data to encourage innovation from their reuse. While these measures are legitimate, they require significant changes in practice or even real paradigm shifts, which raise questions, despite the avenues launched by the open science plan.The objective of our group is to identify these necessary changes, from the point of view of daily scientific practices, in order to anticipate possible blockages and make recommendations to prevent them. In order to that aim, we have mobilised our knowledge of practices in the laboratories of several disciplines (disciplines represented: biology, physics, history and art history), from the point of view of several professions (researchers, professors, librairian, archivist). ; L'ouverture des données de la recherche demande des changements dans les pratiques scientifiques quotidiennes. Le Collège Données de la recherche du Comité pour la science ouverte identifie les changements nécessaires et émet six préconisations pour anticiper les blocages potentiels.

The traditional protection systems of intellectual property demonstrate certain inaptitude when it comes to protecting patrimony and the traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples. Even if it is not meant to resolve the whole issue, the reflection about the sui generis protection systems becomes fundamental. This theme frequently collides with even greater difficulties represented by the ancestry of this patrimony and traditional knowledge, by the fact that it can eventually possess collective ownership and also by the diversity of its locations. Other difficulties relate to the sacred, confidential and even secretive aspects of a significant portion of such knowledge. This patrimony and knowledge are currently protected not only by international Declarations and Conventions, but also by internal legal devices, as it is the case of Brazil, which is the country that this research points its main focus to. Nonetheless, this research allows to ascertain that, although the debate, the legislation and the negotiation process is only beginning, in fact, it indicates the real perspectives of the use of classical instruments of protection of intellectual rights, on the one hand, as well as the use of sui generis systems, as it is currently taking place in certain countries, on the other. Clearly, it is essential to take into consideration the particularities of each situation, and that contracted agreements on the usage or access to such knowledge respond to specific ethical demands, always taking into account the vigilant participation of interested parties and the public bodies which must support complementary policies. ; Les systèmes traditionnels de protection des droits de propriété intellectuelle révèlent leurs insuffisances lorsqu'il s'agit de protéger le patrimoine et les savoirs traditionnels des peuples autochtones. Un système de protection sui generis s'avère nécessaire, sans pouvoir cependant tout résoudre. Il se heurte notamment à des difficultés majeures représentées par l'ancestralité de ce patrimoine et ...

The traditional protection systems of intellectual property demonstrate certain inaptitude when it comes to protecting patrimony and the traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples. Even if it is not meant to resolve the whole issue, the reflection about the sui generis protection systems becomes fundamental. This theme frequently collides with even greater difficulties represented by the ancestry of this patrimony and traditional knowledge, by the fact that it can eventually possess collective ownership and also by the diversity of its locations. Other difficulties relate to the sacred, confidential and even secretive aspects of a significant portion of such knowledge. This patrimony and knowledge are currently protected not only by international Declarations and Conventions, but also by internal legal devices, as it is the case of Brazil, which is the country that this research points its main focus to. Nonetheless, this research allows to ascertain that, although the debate, the legislation and the negotiation process is only beginning, in fact, it indicates the real perspectives of the use of classical instruments of protection of intellectual rights, on the one hand, as well as the use of sui generis systems, as it is currently taking place in certain countries, on the other. Clearly, it is essential to take into consideration the particularities of each situation, and that contracted agreements on the usage or access to such knowledge respond to specific ethical demands, always taking into account the vigilant participation of interested parties and the public bodies which must support complementary policies. ; Les systèmes traditionnels de protection des droits de propriété intellectuelle révèlent leurs insuffisances lorsqu'il s'agit de protéger le patrimoine et les savoirs traditionnels des peuples autochtones. Un système de protection sui generis s'avère nécessaire, sans pouvoir cependant tout résoudre. Il se heurte notamment à des difficultés majeures représentées par l'ancestralité de ce patrimoine et ...

National audience The need to train pupils and students in the use and mastery of information, at the dawn of the 'knowledge societies', is now the subject of growing consensus among the educational community. The widespread use of the Internet among young people, but also the development of 'mis-paste' of information (copy-paste practices, indifference to sources, problems in evaluating information, etc.) makes this training all the more crucial and urgent. Despite significant progress in policies, recommendations, training experiences, secondary and higher education, there are still many obstacles (institutional, disciplinary, pedagogical, etc.) and, above all, a recurrent conceptual uncertainty as to the definition of training content and, beyond that, the real objectives of this training. ; National audience La nécessité de former les élèves et les étudiants à l'usage et à la maîtrise de l'information, à l'aube des « sociétés du savoir », fait l'objet aujourd'hui d'un consensus de plus en plus large au sein de la communauté éducative. La généralisation massive des usages d'Internet chez les plus jeunes, mais aussi le développement des « mésusages » de l'information (pratiques du copier-coller, indifférence aux sources, problèmes d'évaluation de l'information, etc.) rend cette formation d'autant plus cruciale et urgente. Or, en dépit des progrès notables dans les politiques, les recommandations, les expériences de formation, dans le secondaire comme dans le supérieur, on observe la persistance de nombreux obstacles (institutionnels, disciplinaires, pédagogiques…) et surtout un flou conceptuel récurrent sur la définition des contenus de formation et, au-delà, des véritables objectifs de cette formation.

Knowledge is an important factor of production in economic growth. It is produced by two main sources: education and research development. Each source of knowledge can take two forms: the explicit form and the implicit form. Human capital from education is a product of education, and ideas are considered as products of research and development. By associating human capital from education with ideas, Jones (1995) obtained an economic growth model identical in performance to that of Mankiw, Romer and Weil (1992). Besides, Romer (1992) specified that the use of the ideas as production factor had comparative advantage which can well explain growth in the short and the long term. Jones (2002) showed that ideas represented about 70 % of the growth in the United States between 1950 and 1993.In spite of the importance given to ideas, governments of West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) allocated hardly 1 % of their budget to the scientific research against 3,8 % for the education. Furthermore, indexes of Knowledge are low for the WAEMU's countries. This fact is worrisome for the durability of economic growth in this region.This thesis aimed to analyse the contribution of the various sources of knowledge to the formation of the Gross domestic product (GDP) of the member states of the WAEMU. Specifically, it has i) estimated the contribution of the ideas and the education to the constitution of the GDP and ii) compared the contribution of the ideas to that of the other factors:Before any analysis, we noticed that data from WAEMU conform to stylized facts expressed by Romer and Jones (2010). A model of dynamic panel was used with a technology Cobb Douglas to make the analysis. The results of the econometric analysis showed that knowledge has an increasing marginal productivity and the contribution of ideas in the constitution of the GDP of the zone WAEMU is minor. ; La connaissance est un facteur de production important dans la croissance économique. Elle est produite à partir de deux sources principales : ...

International audience ; The governance of knowledge seems to be the Scientific Policy most able to creating value with regard ofhuman and its evolution in cultures and civilizations. The duty of good governance is a consideration of thetransfer of knowledge related to scientific and technological progress. Intrinsically, this process requires asystem of knowledge organization and its management by implementing knowledge production and itsinfluence in society.In the present case, rely across all paradigms, know-­how and specific knowledge to scientific disciplinesand especially those in Humanities and Social Sciences, allows finding a dynamic of Knowledge Organizationfor dissemination, sharing and enhancement of knowledge. This new transdisciplinary orientation allowsincluding concepts, tools and singular perspectives in the digital field and information technology.With this new focus on the Knowledge Organization from the perspective of "Digital Humanities", theobjective of the ISKO-­Maghreb Chapter is to contribute in understanding the factors that organizeknowledge and phenomena that affect the information society. Actions to be undertaken by the ISKO societymust take into account socio-­cultural, cognitive and economic in the strategic management of knowledge.Towards the knowledge society in line with the Digital Humanities, it should be seen in its dynamic, itscontent and its interaction with science, technology and transdisciplinary associated to universities,companies and politics.In this new context "Digital Humanities" related to aspects of the "Knowledge Organization" and modalitiesof its management", a first orientation is pedagogical trying to answer the question "What is known aboutthe knowledge and its organization in the context of Digital Humanities? ". Then the question is evolvingtowards societal issues of knowledge, researches and applications, to provide clarifications towards theconvergence of approaches and practices for the common use of digital platforms. Education, science,culture, ...

International audience ; The governance of knowledge seems to be the Scientific Policy most able to creating value with regard ofhuman and its evolution in cultures and civilizations. The duty of good governance is a consideration of thetransfer of knowledge related to scientific and technological progress. Intrinsically, this process requires asystem of knowledge organization and its management by implementing knowledge production and itsinfluence in society.In the present case, rely across all paradigms, know-­how and specific knowledge to scientific disciplinesand especially those in Humanities and Social Sciences, allows finding a dynamic of Knowledge Organizationfor dissemination, sharing and enhancement of knowledge. This new transdisciplinary orientation allowsincluding concepts, tools and singular perspectives in the digital field and information technology.With this new focus on the Knowledge Organization from the perspective of "Digital Humanities", theobjective of the ISKO-­Maghreb Chapter is to contribute in understanding the factors that organizeknowledge and phenomena that affect the information society. Actions to be undertaken by the ISKO societymust take into account socio-­cultural, cognitive and economic in the strategic management of knowledge.Towards the knowledge society in line with the Digital Humanities, it should be seen in its dynamic, itscontent and its interaction with science, technology and transdisciplinary associated to universities,companies and politics.In this new context "Digital Humanities" related to aspects of the "Knowledge Organization" and modalitiesof its management", a first orientation is pedagogical trying to answer the question "What is known aboutthe knowledge and its organization in the context of Digital Humanities? ". Then the question is evolvingtowards societal issues of knowledge, researches and applications, to provide clarifications towards theconvergence of approaches and practices for the common use of digital platforms. Education, science,culture, ...