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This paper discusses the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for economic growth in Andhra Pradesh, a state in India. It looks at demographics of the State and discusses various initiatives by the State Government to transform into a knowledge economy. The paper looks at the various ways to use ICT for economic development and to bridge the digital divide.

This study, based on a mail survey of 111 public relations specialists, finds that most professionals feel that knowledge of social science techniques is important. Yet while about one-sixth of respondents reported using research in all their programs, one-third reported little use. The most used research techniques were focus groups, mail surveys and telephone and personal interviews.

Political technocrats in Mexico are a group of individuals whose level of education, discipline of study, experiences abroad and career all lead them to stress the use of specialized knowledge for solving human and social problems. Political technocrats have been increasing in number in Mexico and they now dominate the agencies responsible for allocating federal revenues to economic and social problems

The Self‐Directed Job Search Materials Package was developed for classroom instructors for use with their students in occupational skills training classes. The materials, which consist of a student manual and a related cassette series, are designed to be used concurrently with students involved in occupational skills training so that they can acquire the knowledge and confidence needed to obtain jobs.

An analysis of the impact of a computerized information system on selected users in eight human service agencies indicates that the Guidance Information System assists users in determining educational‐occupational plans, increasing occupational knowledge, and making career plans. Counselors desiring to use computer information systems will need in‐service training for examining program impact and philosophical issues, and in designing adjunct career guidance activities.

En la agenda pública existe un renovado interés por garantizar el acceso a un hábitat adecuado mediante una concepción democrática, participativa y concertada. Sin embargo, identificamos que algunos indicadores que el Estado utiliza para medir la calidad de las viviendas no incluyen las prácticas de la propia comunidad. El artículo pone en discusión la acción estatal frente a la local para reflexionar sobre la planificación del hábitat rural. Para ello, seleccionamos un caso de estudio en Lavalle, Mendoza-Argentina y lo analizamos desde una metodología cualitativa. Los datos de campo indican que la población construye sus viviendas con recursos naturales disponibles, de menor costo y utilizables bajo conocimientos técnicos tradicionales. Esto da cuenta de la brecha existente entre las prácticas estatales y las particularidades que presentan los territorios y sus pobladores. Consideramos que para alcanzar un ordenamiento territorial más inclusivo resulta necesario incorporar en las políticas públicas las prácticas locales. ; In the public agenda there is a renewed interest in guaranteeing access to an adequate habitat through a democratic, participatory and concerted approach. However, we identify that some indicators that the State uses to measure the quality of housing do not include the practices of the community itself. The article discusses the state action against the local to reflect on the planning of rural habitat. For this, we selected a case study in Lavalle, Mendoza-Argentina and analyzed it from a qualitative methodology. The field data indicate that the population builds their homes with natural resources available, lower cost and usable under traditional technical knowledge. This accounts for the existing gap between state practices and the particularities presented by the territories and their inhabitants. We believe that to achieve a more inclusive territorial ordering it is necessary to incorporate local practices into public policies. ; Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo

Das interdisziplinäre BonaRes-Verbundprojekt SOILAssist dient der 'Nachhaltige[n] Sicherung und Verbesserung von Bodenfunktionen durch intelligente Landbewirtschaftung' und entwickelt ein Echtzeit-Assistenzsystem für die Praxis (FKZ 031A563A). Im SOILAssist-Teilprojekt 'Akzeptanz und Implementierung' wurde in der ersten Förderphase neben einer Medien- und Literaturanalyse (Projekt-Deliverable D11), einer Umfrage und einer Zusammenstellung ('Gelbe Seiten' Bodenverdichtung) ebenso die hier berichtete Analyse behördlicher Handlungsempfehlungen zur Vermeidung von Bodenverdichtung auf Ackerböden (Deliverable D12) durchgeführt. Ziel war die Analyse rechtlicher Vorgaben auf Bundes- und Länderebene inklusive deren Vollzug, die Einordnung in die EU-Ebene sowie eine Detailanalyse von Broschüren, Flyern und weiteren (Beratungs-)Tools. Die Analyse (Stand: 22. Februar 2018) basiert auf einer Internet-Recherche, daher besteht kein An-spruch auf Vollständigkeit. Das interdisziplinäre BonaRes-Verbundprojekt SOILAssist dient der 'Nachhaltige[n] Sicherung und Verbesserung von Bodenfunktionen durch intelligente Landbewirtschaftung' und entwickelt ein Echtzeit-Assistenzsystem für die Praxis (FKZ 031A563A). Im SOILAssist-Teilprojekt 'Akzeptanz und Implementierung' wurde in der ersten Förderphase neben einer Medien- und Literaturanalyse (Projekt-Deliverable D11), einer Umfrage und einer Zusammenstellung ('Gelbe Seiten' Bodenverdichtung) ebenso die hier berichtete Analyse behördlicher Handlungsempfehlungen zur Vermeidung von Bodenverdichtung auf Ackerböden (Deliverable D12) durchgeführt. Ziel war die Analyse rechtlicher Vorgaben auf Bundes- und Länderebene inklusive deren Vollzug, die Einordnung in die EU-Ebene sowie eine Detailanalyse von Broschüren, Flyern und weiteren (Beratungs-)Tools. Die Analyse (Stand: 22. Februar 2018) basiert auf einer Internet-Recherche, daher besteht kein Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. Die im Jahr 2015 gestartete Fördermaßnahme BonaRes des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) mit Sitz am Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung (UFZ) und am Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF) dient der Lieferung wissenschaftlicher Grundlagen für eine nachhaltige Bodennutzung innerhalb der Bioökonomie (Boden als nachhaltige Ressource für die Bioökonomie – BonaRes). Die Fördermaßnahme ist Teil der Nationalen Forschungsstrategie BioÖkonomie 2030, welche den systemischen Ansatz in den Vordergrund stellt. Das SOILAssist-Teilprojekt 'Akzeptanz und Implementierung' brachte Auszüge aus seinen Recherchen (im Zeitraum seit 08/2015) bereits in die öffentliche Diskussion. ; The interdisciplinary BonaRes collaborative project SOILAssist serves the 'Sustainable protection and improvement of soil functions with intelligent land management strategies' by developing a practical on-the-fly assistance system for farmers (grant number 031A563A). In its first phase, the SOILAssist sub-project 'Acceptance and Implementation' consisted of a literature and media analysis (Project Deliverable D11), a survey and a compilation (`Yellow Pages' Soil Compaction) and this analysis with Official recommendations for the prevention of soil compaction on arable land(Deliverable D12). The aim was an analysis of legal regulations on the state and federal levels, including performance assessments as well as interconnections to the EU level. Also completed were a detailed analysis of brochures, flyers and other recommendation tools. This analysis (closing date: February 22, 2018) is based on an internet search and therefore does not claim completeness The topic 'soil compaction' is addressed in most governmental information material on the state and federal levels. Nevertheless, the quality of the content and the practicability vary in value. This analysis shows that prevention of soil compaction is only referred to explicitly in four federal states. Thus, it becomes clear that the application of the laws (German Federal Soil Protection Act (BBodSchG), German Federal Soil Protection and Contaminated Sites Ordinance (BBodSchV)) is regulated heterogeneously due to the complex federal structure in Germany. Overall, the implementation of the BBodSchG and the BBodSchV is seen as very difficult and– with some exceptions –lacking in exactness, comprehensibility, availability and timeliness of the materials. One federal state initiated a stakeholder-oriented discussion series and has used the consensus principle to successfully reach agreement on prevention of soil compaction. Results derived here are to be set in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Agenda 2030, EU-soil policies and the 7th Environmental Action Programme until 2020 (7th EAP). A stakeholder agreement on prevention of soil compaction seems to be – given the potential for improvement of the regulatory law and its performance – an adequate bottom-up solution or a suitable 'vehicle of change' for reaching a location-specific soil management. Launched in 2015, the funding initiative BonaRes of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) is headquartered at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) and the Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF). It will serve to deliver a scientific basis to strengthen sustainable soil use within the bioeconomy (Soil as a sustainable resource for the bioeconomy – BonaRes). The funding initiative is part of the German National Research Strategy BioEconomy 2030 which focuses on a systemic approach. The SOILAssist sub-project 'Acceptance and Implementation' has already brought some results into public debate (in the period since 08/2015).

The first millennium BCE was pivotal for the environment and for human societies in Central and Eastern Eurasia because transformations accelerated and altered natural and cultural landscapes to hitherto unknown dimensions. Among the major driving forces was the increasing use of horse riding, which extended range of movement significantly and led to the development of cavalry units as a part of large armies. Empires with enormous outreach and gravitational pull formed and disintegrated in close dependence. The wide spread of military technologies demonstrates their bonds, though mostly in the form of metal objects due to the inherent survivability of their materials. Equipment and protective clothing of organic material, albeit produced in large numbers and thus an economic and environmental factor, are rarely preserved. In Yanghai cemetery site, Turfan, the remains of one leather scale armour were discovered. In this study, the results of the AMS radiocarbon dating as well as the construction details of the Yanghai find are presented and compared with a contemporary armour of unknown origin in the Metropolitan Museum of Art New York (MET) and with finds and depictions from the Near East, the adjacent northern steppe areas and the territory of China. The armour, datable to 786–543 cal BCE (95% probability), was originally made of about 5444 smaller scales and 140 larger scales, which, together with leather laces and lining, had a total weight of ca. 4–5 kg. Our reconstruction demonstrates that it can be donned quickly and without the help of another person by wrapping the left part around the back, tying it to the right part under the right arm and fastening with thongs crosswise over the back to laces at the opposite hip parts. Fitting different statures, it is a light and highly efficient defensive garment. In age, construction details and aesthetic appearance it resembles the MET armour. The stylistic similarities but constructional differences suggest that the two armours were intended as outfits for ...

Smart specialization as a concept plays a more and more important role in development of the regions. David, Foray and Hall point it, as an important instrument for creating a strategy for the development of innovation at the state and regional level as well as for defining and building the knowledge-based economy. This term is present in a number of strategic development documents in the European Union, including Europe 2020, published by the European Commission in 2010. It implies the need for countries and regions to specialize as well as focus development of innovation in areas that are consistent with their endogenous potentials. This paper presents the method as well as results of the studies undertaken to define the smart specialization of Pomerania, which is one of two Polish voivodeships with access to the Baltic Sea. Its main settlement node is the emerging metropolitan area of Gdansk - the fourth largest in Poland. Part of this research was project Identification of Smart Specialization in Pomerania Voivodeship - Technological Convergence, commissioned by the Regional Government. Technological convergence was defined as phenomenon of the use of technologies from different industries for the creation of a new specialization in order to gain a competitive advantage. The aim of the project was to analyze and evaluate the economic potential of the Voivodeship, indicating possible areas of cooperation between representatives of different industries. It was assumed that the process of identifying smart specialization would be a bottom-up approach. Regional Government invited all actors to build a partnership. They worked on identifying potentials then building on this analysis, developed a common strategy for the development of technological and functional smart specialization. Analytical and diagnostic processes included: desk research, expert studies, individual in-depth interviews, focus group interviews, workshops and the Delphi study, SWOT analysis. The result is an aid for all stakeholders to identify opportunities and specify areas of development of smart specializations for the Voivodship. The method of identification of the priorities and implementation of the actions for the development of smart specializations assumes that the process itself should be flexible, meaning that adopted priorities and allocation of resources need to be reviewed and modified if such need occurs. The authors also present their recommendation to enhance this method; propose its modification and expansion to include e.g. conduct the Competitive Position Analysis of Porter's Five Forces.

OBJETIVO: Mesmo com as iniciativas governamentais que controlam, desestimulam e até proíbem a divulgação e o uso de bicos e chupetas nas maternidades, é alta a freqüência do seu uso pelas crianças brasileiras. Diante desse cenário, o objetivo estudo foi conhecer as representações sociais sobre a chupeta, por parte das mães cujos filhos fizeram uso desse objeto. MÉTODOS: Estudo baseado nos pressupostos teóricos das representações sociais, propostos por Moscovici. Foram estudadas as mulheres que deram à luz num hospital de ensino, na cidade de São Paulo, que proíbe a oferta de chupeta durante a internação. Foram realizadas entrevistas não-estruturadas e individuais, transcritas na íntegra e organizadas para análise, segundo o método do discurso do sujeito coletivo. RESULTADOS: Os resultados evidenciaram representações maternas de que a chupeta: "Simboliza a criança"; "É um calmante para a criança e uma ajuda para a mãe"; e "O seu uso é passado pelas gerações". CONCLUSÕES: A chupeta oferece à mãe uma alternativa para confortar e apaziguar o filho em momentos de agitação ou quando ela não pode atendê-lo direta e continuamente. ; OBJECTIVE: Despite governmental initiatives that control, discourage and even prohibit the divulgation of the usage of dummies and pacifiers in maternity wards, the frequency of pacifier use by Brazilian children is still high. In light of this phenomenon, the aim of the present study was to investigate the social representations of the pacifier constructed by mothers whose children used pacifiers. METHODS: The present study is based on the conceptual framework of social representations, proposed by Moscovici. We studied women who gave birth at a teaching hospital in the city of Sao Paulo that prohibits the use of pacifiers during hospital admission. We conducted non-structured individual interviews that were transcribed in full and organized for analysis according to the collective subject discourse method. RESULTS: Our results indicate maternal representations that the pacifier "symbolizes the child," that is "is a tranquilizer for the child and an aid for the mother," and that "its use is inherited from generation to generation". CONCLUSIONS: Pacifiers are an alternative for the mother for comforting and hushing her child in moments of agitation or for when the mother is not able to tend to the child in a direct and continuous manner.

The skills and attitudes acquired in the classes allow the student to get to know and understand the world around him better, to learn more easily in the natural and social environment and to make decisions about personal prosperity. This research includes 300 students, emphasizes the issue of the quality of education in secondary schools, with a focus on the acquisition of knowledge through innovative methods, as well as the issue of the quality of students' acquired knowledge, the impact on student achievements. Interactions between students and lecturers. Quality knowledge belongs to the level of recognition and reproduction. However, the test results so far show serious deficiencies and failures in teaching in the Republic of Kosovo, indicating the necessity of applying modern techniques and methods of the teaching process in order to improve the quality of teaching, which, among other things, requires personal creativity and engagement of teachers. In order for the aforementioned methods and techniques of curriculum implementation to be applicable, teachers need to be additionally educated and provided with appropriate contemporary literature in these areas. The paper presents the results of the statistical software package SPSS version 25, about students' attitudes about developing the ability to use modern methods and techniques in teaching based on age, gender in relation to the program of attendance. Researchers suggest the use of innovative methods that have proven to be useful in the teaching and learning process.

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the factors associated with public hospital dentists' awareness of HLA‐B*15:02 screening in trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and the national gene screening policy in Thailand.MethodsCross‐sectional study. A validated questionnaire was distributed to public hospital dentists with at least 1 year of practice in Southern Thailand (n = 760) to assess their knowledge of TN, carbamazepine (CBZ) use, awareness of HLA‐B*15:02 screening, and the gene screening policy.ResultsA total of 385 dentists participated (50.7% response rate); 81.3% of respondents were aware of HLA‐B*15:02 screening. However, 18.7% of dentists were not aware of the importance of gene testing. Furthermore, dentists who were aware of gene screening had significantly better knowledge of TN diagnosis and CBZ use than "unaware" dentists. Awareness of HLA‐B*15:02 screening was also significantly associated with dental specialty. Moreover, 80.5% of respondents were not aware of the gene screening policy. The primary problems related to the policy were its inefficient publication, poor implementation, and lack of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to encourage dentists to follow the policy and prescribe gene tests.ConclusionWhile most hospital dentists were aware of the necessity of HLA‐B*15:02 screening prior to prescribing CBZ in TN, the majority were unaware of the national gene screening policy. Dental specialty and knowledge were associated with awareness of HLA‐B*15:02 screening.

The COVID-19 pandemic has paralyzed several sectors of life, one of which is the education sector. In the midst of this situation, the government's effort to keep the education program running is by implementing distance learning via online. In this case, students must adapt to the use of gadgets as online media in carrying out their daily learning activities. The purpose of this service is to provide understanding and knowledge of the impact of using gadgets on physical and psychological health for students at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Purwokerto. The method used in this community service is to provide direct socialization to 60 students of SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Purwokerto regarding the positive and negative impacts of using gadgets on physical and psychological health and demonstrations of eye exercises to reduce eye fatigue due to exposure to gadgets. Results: In this activity, the results obtained from the knowledge of students before being given socialization with good categories (15%), sufficient (40%), and less (45%) and after being given socialization, students' knowledge was good (60%), quite (35%), and less (5%). From this community service activity, it is hoped that students will better understand the positive and negative impacts on health from excessive use of gadgets and direct students to get used to managing time so that activities are more productive without gadget addiction. Keywords: Socialization, Demonstration of eye exercise, Gadget addiction

This article adopts the premise "first in time, first in right" to bring Indigenous knowledge about the Colorado River Basin and the natural world more broadly out of the mainstream's obscurity to reposition these perspectives at the foreground of the region's water cultures. To initiate what is in essence a decolonization of Colorado River Basin water knowledge, I examine texts representing various tribal affiliations and genres to consider how their particular use of story engages the historic and ongoing environmental injustices they have faced and continue to negotiate in their fight to preserve their sacred lands, identity, and access to reliable, clean water. Such a decolonization occurs through these texts' use of narrative to work within and against the scientific and instrumental discourses and their respective genres that have traditionally constructed and dictated mainstream Colorado River knowledge and activity. My treatment of narrative within the Ten Tribes Partnership Tribal Water Study (2018) and the Grand Canyon Trust's "Voices of Grand Canyon" digital project (2020) sheds greater light on the essential relationships the Basin's nations and tribes have with the Colorado River. Through these counternarratives to the West's dominant water ideologies and cultures, the Basin's tribal nations draw attention to past and ongoing struggles to secure equitable water access while amplifying their resilience and determination that defines their calls for environmental justice.

AbstractNowadays, tropical forest landscapes are commonly characterized by a multitude of interacting institutions and actors with competing land-use interests. In these settings, indigenous and tribal communities are often marginalized in landscape-level decision making. Inclusive landscape governance inherently integrates diverse knowledge systems, including those of indigenous and tribal communities. Increasingly, geo-information tools are recognized as appropriate tools to integrate diverse interests and legitimize the voices, values, and knowledge of indigenous and tribal communities in landscape governance. In this paper, we present the contribution of the integrated application of three participatory geo-information tools to inclusive landscape governance in the Upper Suriname River Basin in Suriname: (i) Participatory 3-Dimensional Modelling, (ii) the Trade-off! game, and (iii) participatory scenario planning. The participatory 3-dimensional modelling enabled easy participation of community members, documentation of traditional, tacit knowledge and social learning. The Trade-off! game stimulated capacity building and understanding of land-use trade-offs. The participatory scenario planning exercise helped landscape actors to reflect on their own and others' desired futures while building consensus. Our results emphasize the importance of systematically considering tool attributes and key factors, such as facilitation, for participatory geo-information tools to be optimally used and fit with local contexts. The results also show how combining the tools helped to build momentum and led to diverse yet complementary insights, thereby demonstrating the benefits of integrating multiple tools to address inclusive landscape governance issues.