Technologies of the second industrial age can be characterized as knowledge-intensive, & knowledge now dominates machinery, raw material, & labor in production. In knowledge-intensive production, the human factor is recorded in the machinery & in the organization of production. However, though knowledge increases productivity, it does not increase employment or wages. Since knowledge costs almost nothing to duplicate, capitalists are concerned about locking in knowledge, & making it private property. In this sense, the workplace struggle is not about wage levels, but about property & social relations. M. Pflum
This essay explores networks of knowledge exchange and practices of knowledge production between South Asian Muslims and academic circles in Germany between 1915 and 1930. It centers on the brothers Abdul Jabbar Kheiri and Abdul Sattar Kheiri and foregrounds their interaction and encounters with German scholars during the First World War and in Weimar Germany until the brothers' return to India. Taking into consideration the asymmetries at play, the article looks at the motivations for the interest in knowledge exchange on the German and on the Indian sides, which changed in accordance with the different political situations and the positionalities and dependencies of the actors. The knowledge exchange went far beyond the newly emerging discipline of Islamic studies and classical Indology to include disciplines like sociology, economy, philosophy, and art.
Hana Horäkovä. - Introduction: The contents and the chapters. - Hana Horäkovä. - Knowledge production in and on Africa: Knowledge gatekeepers, . - decolonisation, alternative representations. - Daniel C. Bach. - Africa in international relations: The frontier as concept and . - metaphor. - Dominik Kopihski. - China and the United States in the African petroleum sector: . - Knowledge gaps, myths and poor numbers. - Alzbeta Sväblovä. - Reconciliation in Liberia: Discourse, knowledge, consequences. - Mvuselelo Ngcoya, Naren Kumarakulasingam. - Indigenous gardening: Plants, indigeneity and settling/unsettling . - in South Africa. - Stephanie Rudwick. - Afrikaans and institutional identity: A South African university in . - the crossfire. - Katerina Werkman. - Is Africa exceptionally infectious? A comparison of Ebola and . - SARS coverage in the Czech media. - Katerina Mildnerovä. - "Obscene and diabolic and bloody fetishism": European. - conceptualisation of Vodun through the history of Christian missions. - Viera Pawlikova-Vilhanova. - African historians and the production of historical knowledge in . - Africa: Some reflections. - Maciej Kurcz. - The images of Omdurman: The symbolic role of an African city . - during the period of colonialism from the perspective of archival . - photographs. - Silvestr Trnovec. - History production and interpretation on and within French West . - Africa in 1900-1957: From a French colonial doctrine to an . - African perspective. - Jarmila Svihranova. - Representations of Africans in the documents of the German . - Imperial Office and in pre-war academia in the case of German . - South West Africa
A exposição de arte contemporânea, desde o seu aparecimento no contexto museológico e curatorial, tem sofrido diversas alterações de carácter social, político e económico, influenciadas pelo período histórico e artístico onde se inserem. A figura do curador, igualmente em constante transformação, tem vindo a assumir um papel de mediador que estabelece e fortalece as relações entre os artistas, o público, os profissionais dos museus e outras instituições culturais. Recentemente, este conjunto de mudanças contribuiu para um diluir de fronteiras institucionais entre profissões, departamentos e disciplinas, que resultou na elaboração de projectos curatoriais baseados no trabalho colaborativo e em rede. É enquanto efeito destas inovações que a presente dissertação pretende estudar a exposição como produção de conhecimento. A análise dos projectos Academy (2004-2006), The New Model: An Inquiry (2011-2015) e Under the Clouds: From Paranoia to the Digital Sublime (2015), que tiveram lugar no contexto europeu dos últimos quinze anos, é o ponto de partida para uma reflexão sobre a exposição e a dimensão curatorial enquanto instrumentos de comunicação, colaboração e mediação. ; The exhibition of contemporary art, since its emergence within the museological and curatorial context, has experienced social, political and economic changes influenced by the historical and artistic in which they are inserted. The figure of the curator, equally in constant transformation, has come to play a mediating role that establishes and reinforces the relationships between artists, audience, museum professionals and other cultural institutions. Recently, this set of changes contributed to the dilution of institutional boundaries between professions, departments and subjects, which resulted in the elaboration of curatorial projects based on collaboration and networking. It is as an effect of these innovations that the present dissertation intends to study the exhibition as knowledge production. The analysis of the curatorial projects Academy (2004-2006), The New Model: An Inquiry (2011-2015) and Under the Clouds: From Paranoia to the Digital Sublime (2015), which took place in the European context of the last fifteen years, is the starting point for the study of the exhibition and the curatorial as instruments of communication, collaboration and mediation
In: Eekelen , BF 2014 , ' Knowledge for the West, Production for the Rest? ' , Journal of Cultural Economy , vol. 8 , no. 4 , pp. 479-500 . https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2014.909367
This article develops the argument that a 'knowledge economy,' despite its cheerful optimism, is also an elegant incarnation of the demise of Western economies. An analysis of policy documents, research statements, and national accounts reveals this paradoxical coexistence of anxiety and progress in the discourse on knowledge economies. While the concept is often hailed as a temporal concept (superseding other forms of economic production), this article argues that a knowledge economy is best understood as a spatial concept – it is a way of contending with global reorganizations of production. This spatial approach is elaborated to tackle three paradoxes. (1) A knowledge economy enfolds defeat with progress. (2) A knowledge economy downplays the importance of industrial labor and simultaneously depends on it to materialize its ideas. (3) While seemingly intangible and ephemeral, a knowledge economy is fixed in place in national economies through government and corporate policy (including through the emergent phenomenon of 'knowledge-adjusted gross domestic products'). A spatial approach provides a view of the tenuous global interconnections and specific conditions that prop up a knowledge economy, and shows how the concept is mobilized to redraw the map so that endangered economies can regain their challenged sense of centrality in a world economy.
This article focuses on three key debates within China about the formation of Chinese feminisms: the origin of the Chinese women's movement; the theoretical debates on the origin of women's subordination; and what constitutes legitimate knowledge. It considers these internal debates in relation to the dialogues that Chinese feminists have pursued with western feminisms, and more specifically UN-based international feminisms. Chinese feminism is above all heterogeneous, and despite common beliefs about Chinese political discourse, meaningful debates do take place within Chinese feminism. However, the spectre of the West always lurks in the background of domestic debates. I situate the Chinese feminist debates in the political economy of knowledge production (how is knowledge produced, by whom and for whom, and who pays). My purpose is to shed light on the emergence of these debates and the stakes involved, in a society that is transitioning from an autarchic, centrally planned economy, from a Maoist politics of mass movement and from the devaluation of intellectuals and book-based knowledge. Central to the course of these debates is the emergence of a globally connected market economy, technocratic rule and a 'knowledge economy'. Adapted from the source document.
This thesis examines the role of authority in the production of archaeological knowledge. It examines how fluid ideas and observations formed in the field become authoritative, factual, solid archaeological products, like scientific texts, reconstructions or museum displays. It asks, what makes a person, a thing or an account of history something that is authoritative? What makes someone an authority on the past? What is archaeological authority? This thesis deconstructs and exposes authority in archaeological practice. It targets how practitioners of archaeology actively enact, construct and implement authority in the process of producing knowledge. Formal representations of the past rely heavily on an underlying notion of the 'authoritative account'. The entire process of reconstructing the past in archaeology is dependent on individuals and institutions existing as authorities, who actively or passively imply that artefacts, sites and final interpretations are 'authentic' or have 'fidelity' to the past. This study examines how authority and acts of legitimation are employed and distributed through the medium of science, and how they need to be actively performed in order to acquire and maintain status. This thesis not only argues that authority is embedded in every stage of the archaeological process, but importantly, it identifies how this authority manifests through the medium of scientific acts. This thesis is structured around two comparative case studies: one case of professional archaeology and one case of alternative archaeology. Both are archaeological sites that produce their own 'authoritative' accounts of the past through practices, publications and presentations. The first case is the professional archaeological project of Çatalhöyük in the Republic of Turkey, under the direction of Ian Hodder at Stanford University. This case offers insights about how the processes of inscription, translation and blackboxing establish and maintain authority in archaeological practice. It also addresses how physical and intellectual space, as well as issues of access in localised knowledge-producing social arenas, affect archaeological authority. The second case is the controversial pseudoarchaeological project in Visoko, Bosnia, commonly referred to as the Bosnian Pyramids. This project, under the direction of amateur archaeologist Semir Osmanagić, has successfully created an account of prehistory that has been received by the general Bosnian public as authoritative, despite objections by the professional archaeological community. This case demonstrates how authority can be constructed, mimicked and performed by drawing on academic arenas of scientific practice and by eager public participation. Specifically, this case study highlights the importance of socio-politics, authoritative institutions and performative behaviour in the construction of archaeological authority.
A preliminary version of this paper has been presented at the European Conference on Social Theory 'Knowledge and Society', organized by the Social Theory Research Network of the European Sociological Association. Madrid, 21-22 September, 2006. ; This paper examines knowledge resulting from applied sociology, namely from sociological research oriented towards resolving practical problems rather than providing new contributions to our understanding of social phenomena. Departing from James Coleman's analytical distinction between 'the world of discipline' and 'the world of action', I draw a conceptual framework which depicts the main dimensions of typical organizational arrangements for doing basic and applied sociological work. Secondly, I analyze applied sociology as a set of social and political conditions where research is produced. These conditions usually give rise to descriptions and, on occasions, to empirical generalizations, whereas results contrasting important theoretical hypotheses from a disciplinary point of view are produced less frequently. Thirdly, the article examines some specific mechanisms such as methodological decisions, the availability of resources and time constraints to explain why applied sociology most often produces this kind of cognitive results. Finally, effects related to cognitive and organizational divisions are addressed taking into account two processes in current research systems: the large amount of resources devoted to applied sociological research that result in non-theoretical and non-accumulative knowledge and the decoupling of disciplinary sociology from the practical world of policy making. ; Peer reviewed
Das discusses region as a source of theory and raises concerns about the current state of scholarship, especially (1) the censorship of ideas made possible by government control over research along with a public culture that is increasingly intolerant of differences in interpretation in the name of a feeling ethics; (2) the production of knowledge at different institutional sites that might stand in a tense relation to authorized institutional discourses; and (3) dangerous developments in the rise of new subdisciplines such as global health, which have had serious consequences for freedom of inquiry as a false consensus is generated over what counts as "success" in policy interventions.
Although globalization processes have brought the world closer through the exchange of knowledge, ideas and practices, advances in knowledge dissemination have not been mirrored by expansion in sites and modes of knowledge production. This article probes this disjuncture and asks how deglobalization might chart different pathways by delving into the intellectual history of the making of International Relations (IR). Focusing its gaze on the structuring principles of knowledge creation and modes of knowing rather than specific issues and problematiques of IR, it analyses the historical impact of western Enlightenment thinking through centuries-long imperialism, which continues to limit the agency of many states in the re-making of their life-worlds. The article describes deglobalization as a longue durée historical response that offers different possibilities for countering or challenging the discursive hegemony of the 'West'. It discusses a 'nationalist' response by China—a rising power and a more dispersed, global academic endeavour seeking to decolonize IR's modes of knowledge production to better account for the diverse ground realities of its many worlds.