Suchergebnisse

An evolution laboratory of the discipline ? Social Labour History Social Labour History, or Labour History, is considerably grown up in Brazilian History these last decades. It matches with the anglo-saxon definition "Labour History", with the French definition "Working Class and Social History" and with the German definition " Arbeitergeschichte ". Labour History has different development in Europe, North America where it declines and in Asia, Africa and Latin America where it is active. Marcel van der Linden uses the word of "globalization" in order to qualify this new kind of historiography. The brasilian example is in this case of Social Labour History transformation. It requires to give new definitions and subjects.

Labour law entertains an ambiguous relationship with the value "Equality" because in its name labour law creates inequalities - Le droit du travail entretient un rapport ambigu avec la valeur Egalité car il crée en son nom des inégalités ; Peer reviewed

I. Aperçu historique : comment la condition ouvrière du XIXème siècle a donné naissance à la "question sociale" , et celle-ci au droit du travail. II. Exercice de théorie du droit : supputation des diverses interactions qui peuvent exister entre les phénomènes travail et droit. - I. Historical Survey : how the working conditions in the 19th century gave rise to the "Social Question". II. Exercise to theory of law : consideration of the various interactions which may exist between the phenonmenon of "work" and the phenomenon of "law".

Urban policy has always aimed at improving the welfare of city residents. In England, as soon as the 17th century, the State has intervened in order to relieve the most destitute residents from their poor living conditions, mainly through programs on hygiene and housing. Then, as the city grew, so did the disorder engendered by its overpopulation especially in the poorest parts of inner-cities. London was the place where the problems were the most striking and the needs for solutions the most urgent. Thus, in order to allow a more effective treatment of urban disorders, the governance of the British capital has been reformed. That was the first business the Labour Party dealt with when they came to power in 1997. At the same time, they gave a new boost to urban policy, favouring social and environmental aspects while relying on the communities" involvement. And the adoption of the so-called Third Way policy was a major step as it did not reject the private sector any longer but on the contrary accepted it as a privileged partner. The distinctive feature of Islington, one of the smallest London boroughs, is to be bordered by one of the most prosperous areas in the world: the City of London. Yet, it displays social characteristics that are very common to the poorest zones in the country. The programs that have been launched to regenerate it have taken this particularity into account. The analysis of these schemes allows us to review the urban policy as the Labour Party has wanted it from 1997 until 2010, to try and take stock of the situation and to underline the challenges cities will have to face. ; La politique urbaine a pour objet d"agir sur la gestion des villes afin d"améliorer le bien-être des résidants. En Angleterre, l"Etat est intervenu dès le XVIIème siècle afin de soulager les mauvaises conditions de vie des plus pauvres en agissant sur l"hygiène et le logement. Puis la ville s"agrandissant, les désordres liés au surpeuplement se sont multipliés, spécialement dans les zones les plus dépourvues des ...

Urban policy has always aimed at improving the welfare of city residents. In England, as soon as the 17th century, the State has intervened in order to relieve the most destitute residents from their poor living conditions, mainly through programs on hygiene and housing. Then, as the city grew, so did the disorder engendered by its overpopulation especially in the poorest parts of inner-cities. London was the place where the problems were the most striking and the needs for solutions the most urgent. Thus, in order to allow a more effective treatment of urban disorders, the governance of the British capital has been reformed. That was the first business the Labour Party dealt with when they came to power in 1997. At the same time, they gave a new boost to urban policy, favouring social and environmental aspects while relying on the communities" involvement. And the adoption of the so-called Third Way policy was a major step as it did not reject the private sector any longer but on the contrary accepted it as a privileged partner. The distinctive feature of Islington, one of the smallest London boroughs, is to be bordered by one of the most prosperous areas in the world: the City of London. Yet, it displays social characteristics that are very common to the poorest zones in the country. The programs that have been launched to regenerate it have taken this particularity into account. The analysis of these schemes allows us to review the urban policy as the Labour Party has wanted it from 1997 until 2010, to try and take stock of the situation and to underline the challenges cities will have to face. ; La politique urbaine a pour objet d"agir sur la gestion des villes afin d"améliorer le bien-être des résidants. En Angleterre, l"Etat est intervenu dès le XVIIème siècle afin de soulager les mauvaises conditions de vie des plus pauvres en agissant sur l"hygiène et le logement. Puis la ville s"agrandissant, les désordres liés au surpeuplement se sont multipliés, spécialement dans les zones les plus dépourvues des centres-villes. C"est à Londres que ceux-ci ont été les plus criants et les besoins de solutions les plus urgents. Ainsi, pour permettre une gestion plus efficace des délits urbains, la gouvernance de la capitale britannique a été réformée. C"est ce à quoi se sont attelés les Travaillistes dès leur arrivée au pouvoir en 1997, et ils ont en même temps donné une nouvelle impulsion à la politique en direction des villes en favorisant les aspects sociaux, environnementaux de la rénovation urbaine, tout en comptant sur l"investissement des communautés. Et l"adoption de la politique dite de la Troisième Voie fut un pas essentiel en ce qu"elle ne rejetait plus le secteur privé mais l"acceptait, au contraire, comme partenaire privilégié. Islington, l"un des boroughs les plus petits de Londres, a la particularité de jouxter une des zones les plus prospères du monde : la City de Londres. Cependant, il présente des caractéristiques sociales communes aux zones les plus pauvres du pays. Les programmes qui y ont été lancés ont pris en compte cette spécificité. L"analyse de ces projets nous permet de passer en revue la politique de rénovation telle qu"elle a été voulue par les Travaillistes de 1997 à 2010, d"essayer d"en tirer des bilans et de tenter de pointer les défis auxquels les villes vont être confrontées.