Suchergebnisse

The unexpected escalation of interethnic violence in Macedonia in spring 2001 has a long history in the previous times of socialist Yugoslavia. Particularly in the 1980s, interethnic relations worsened further. The main basis of the radicalization on both sides is constituted by a nearly total segregation of the Albanian & the Macedonian society as well as the precedence of collective ethnic rights at the expense of individual rights, supported by the Yugoslav political system. While the conflict could be kept within reasonable bounds during the first years of independence under the conditions of limited political pluralization, ethnic tensions broke out again after the Kosovo war. Adapted from the source document.

"Die drei am Bündnis beteiligten Parteien fordern programmatisch die Gleichstellung von Frauen. Es erscheint verwunderlich, dass Themen wie Abbau der Frauenarbeitslosigkeit und Förderung der Frauenerwerbsarbeit keine Rolle zu spielen scheinen. Dieser Beitrag will die Ursachen hierfür skizzieren, indem er daran erinnert, wie mit der Forderung nach Beteiligung von Frauen im Bündnis umgegangen wurde und aus der Binnensicht die Defizite in der Struktur des Bündnisses, die zu fehlenden gleichstellungspolitischen Ergebnissen führen, aufzeigt. Schließlich werden einige Instrumente beschrieben, die, wollte man Frauenerwerbsarbeit fördern, im Bündnis verankert werden müssten. Sie werden in Bezug gesetzt zu den Verabredungen des 7. Spitzengesprächs vom 4. März 2001." (Autorenreferat)

With the abolition of Marxist-Leninist state ideology in Eastern Europe, ecological & economic problems became obvious & the region faces an important task in eliminating damages created by pollution. In Poland, funds have been earmarked for this purpose & an administrative system for collecting related dues has been established. Funds are distributed in the form of financial aid & project subsidies to communes & companies. From the perspective of the EU, however, considerable effort needs to be made before Poland can be accepted for membership. In particular, it remains questionable if Poland, in light of the increase of carbon dioxide emissions from small emittants, can fulfill the conditions of the Kyoto protocol. Adapted from the source document.

The article deals with the question whether an extension of the mechanisms of international criminal jurisdiction by bringing acts of terrorism under the jurisdiction of the planned "Permanent International Criminal Court" could really deliver a sensible contribution to the containment of terrorism. Looking to existing approaches of an internationally coordinated struggle against terrorism demonstrates that recent developments in international treaty law on international cooperation & extradition have brought the international community near to a substantial consensus concerning the definition of "terrorism," but that there still exist different needs of protection for the various categories of terrorist victims. Taking the fragile position of the new international criminal jurisdiction into consideration, a great deal of skepticism with regard to the idea of extending its jurisdiction to terrorist crimes seems to be justified. Adapted from the source document.

An expert on the German Green Party discusses its structural deficits. The party has neither a stable strategic center nor a clear understanding of its basic ideas. Its influence on governance is poor. The author compares the work of the Greens & the Social Democratic Party & comes to the conclusion that the Greens are focused on expectational & success populism; they have deficits with respect to leadership, organization, identity, & coherence of their position. The establishment of the new dual leadership by Fritz Kuhn & Renate Kunast seemed to be a first attempt to establish an efficient strategic center to deal with internal cleavages. However, the German BSE scandal & the necessity to appoint a Green minister for consumer protection & agriculture destroyed those hopes. By avoiding the left-wing Barbel Hohn, the influential Joschka Fischer, currently minister for the exterior, favored instead Renate Kunast. Therefore, the Greens risk losing their strategic center & falling back to times when conflicts between the party's wings dominated. Adapted from the source document.

The aim of this article is to provide an answer to the question why, since the mid-1990s, the peace process initiated in 1993 has been exposed to an ongoing crisis, despite the fact that Israel as well as the PLO would benefit, if they worked toward a consolidation of the process. In the fall of 2000, at the latest, the crisis intensified to such an extent that the failure of the peace process as a whole cannot be excluded anymore. On the basis of a situation structural approach, which is indebted to rationalism, the article shows that the supposedly irrational behavior of Israel & the PLO can better be understood if two structural problems of the peace process are taken into consideration. Firstly, the architecture of the peace process is deficient, & secondly, societal influences promote a policy directed against the consolidation of the process. Adapted from the source document.

Presents a bibliography of recent works of various aspects of politics, including political systems, international politics, the European Union, & political science.

A lack of international identity is less responsible for the shortcomings of the external relations of the European Union than is widely assumed. Under the conditions of globalization & regionalization internal & external developments are responsible for the efficiency of the EU's external relations. Given the existing international "interlocking order" the current structure of the system of European external relations -- ie, the mixture of supranational & intergovernmental structures -- is promising. However, some structural shortcomings still need to be removed. These defects are caused by the complex relationship of flexibility, coherence, & "consortial leadership" in the EU's external relations. 85 References. Adapted from the source document.