Suchergebnisse

The system of law enforcement bodies of Ukraine, which is a part of the executive power, by its organization and activities does not fully match the socio–political, economic and criminogenic situation in the country. The need for reform of the law enforcement system in accordance with social needs and opportunities was stressed back in the first years of independence of Ukraine and it was widely declared. Since the developed concepts of reform have not been implemented, the subject of the article is still relevant. The aim of the research is to analyze the efficiency of the processes associated with innovative strategic management during the reform of the law enforcement system of the state; to explore the main aspects and factors of reformatting, as well as the dynamics of future changes in the law enforcement structures. To achieve the goal, we applied a set of methods: comparative, structural analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction. The paper considers the process of creating the structure of the local police, which should be organized and financed by the local communities. We evaluated innovations in the personnel policy of the department: independence and transparency of the contest mechanism of filling in vacant posts (including leadership) in the police force. The paper studies the legal framework of the deployment of activities of the EU Advisory mission, which will help implement the European experience in the field of strategic management of the law enforcement system. The scientific novelty of the article is in the study of the features of the innovative strategic management of the law enforcement activities in the period of radical reform of the society. The planned reforms were developed taking into account international, including European, standards of the police activity. The practical significance of the obtained results is in a comprehensive study of the mechanism of gradual reformatting of "almighty" punitive state authority (the militia) into a new police structure that will provide services of the protection of public order to the society. Further research is advisable to focus on finding innovative ways to solve the problems of the reform of the law enforcement sphere of Ukraine.

The research is dedicated to the analysis of law enforcement civil aspects in legal regulation of public relations, determination of its character and value as security instrument of their effectiveness. It is set that law realization is considered in such forms as law fulfillment, law application, law enforcement, law fulfillment and law termination accompanying the motion of civil-law relations. Law enforcement legal nature is stipulated by the objective necessity to influence on the behavior of participants of such civil-law relations to ensure their compliance with the legal model. It is proved that the reason for law enforcement in the course of civil-law relations realization is such character of their development, reality and affiliation of which in view of their social value is provided individually-legal instructions given by public authority. Realization of subjective civil rights and legal obligations in private relation is provided by the acceptance of individual legal act issued by governmental authority. Law enforcement mechanism in a private law was considered whereby the combination of legal measures through which public activity of governmental authority is adjusted should be understood, which involves adjustment of civil-law relations in the course of their legal regulation, provision of stable public society development. Authority's activity in law enforcement mechanism is provided by the system of legal measures (mechanism elements), the total amount of which shall be naturally implemented in law realization mechanism the component of which is law enforcement mechanism in synchronically directed at provision of its effectiveness. To such elements of law enforcement mechanism each of which is specified within the appropriate law realization may be included: legal provision, legal relations and judicial fact.

The article is devoted to the study of new question in the legal theory – enforcement technology. Enforcement technology covers two components of law enforcement: enforcement process and its result – enforcement actions. It is focused on identifying the basic components of enforcement technology concerning acts of law application. It was found that law enforcement includes the system of requirements, rules and tools, needed to create individually-legal acts. The requirements are delineated on general (value, rule of law, justice, reasonableness, appropriateness) and logical (compliance (consistency), the sequence of the text statement, coherence, and identity). To our opinion, the main emphasis should be on social direction of the acts of law application, which lies in their value for providing the rights of specific personalized entities in specific relationships and common and logical requirements should assist the specializations of such acts. It is also found that among the means of enforcement technology we should focus on those relating to the content of individually-legal act (legal structures, legal definition, legal presumptions, fictions and axioms) and its form (legal language, rules structuring, essential rules).Content tools facilitate meaningful fullness and completeness of law acts (they also provide its social orientation). Formal instead serve as an important prerequisite for the proper legal registration of the legal document. A brief description of each of signed tools is offered and the main areas of their studies exactly in the prism of properties of individually-legal acts are circumscribed. It is noted that the implementation of signed requirements and means of enforcement acts should be done according to the system of individualized for these rules. For example, today rules of structuring of enforcement decisions recognized by scholars and practitioners gained axiomatically character.Comparative analysis illustrates that lists of components of law enforcement equipment, at least formally obtained, largely correspond to elements of law-making technology. Analysing the practice of legal regulation, we can find many examples of foreign identity between them, for example, among the decrees of the President of Ukraine normative and non-normative (individually-legal) character, that obviously convince about systematical legal regulation of social relations in the modern state.The list of requirements to individually-legal acts, tools and rules of their use during the process of the creation of such acts, should be established in legislation about the normative-legal acts, today just in the sixth section «Implementation of the normative-legal acts» the draft of the Law of Ukraine «About the normative-legal acts». ; Статтю присвячено вивченню дещо нового у теорії права питання, зокрема правозастосовної техніки. Увагу зосереджено на визначенні основних компонентів право­застосовної техніки стосовно індивідуально-правових актів. З'ясовано, що правозастосовна техніка охоплює систему вимог, засобів та правил. Вимоги розмежовано на загальні (цінність, верховенство права, справедливість, обґрунтованість, доцільність) та логічні (відповідність (несуперечність), послідовність викладу тексту, узгодженість, тотожність). Встановлено, що серед засобів правозастосовної техніки необхідно акцентувати на тих, які стосуються змісту індивідуально-правового акта (юридичні конструкції, правові дефініції, правові презумпції, фікції та аксіоми) та його форми (правнича мова, правила структу­ризації, реквізитні правила). Констатовано, що ефективне використання інструментарію правозастосовної техніки можливе лише за умови наявності системи правил його використання. Такі правила повинні бути закріплені у законодавстві про правові акти, сьогодні поки що у проекті Закону України «Про нормативно-правові акти».

The article explores the issues of the victim's involvement in the process of obtaining temporary access to things and documents. The current legislative provisions were analyzed, according to it only the parties to criminal proceedings have the right to appeal to the investigating judge during the pretrial investigation or the court during the court proceedings requesting temporary access to things and documents. It is established that when a victim is not a part of the criminal proceedings, he is not empowered to apply to the investigating judge with a request for temporary access to things and documents. However, the practice of applying the law evidences about application another one approach to the solution of this issue, in particular, the existing court decisions on granting the investigative judge permission to the victim to temporary access to things and documents. This practice has led the Supreme Court to find that there is a lack of clarity, uncertainty about the legal rules regarding the victim's status and his rights in criminal proceedings, which constitutes an exclusive legal problem. In order to resolve this issue and to ensure the development of the law and the formation of a single law enforcement practice, the panel of judges concluded that it was necessary to refer the criminal proceedings to the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court. In order to resolve this problem and to ensure the development of law and the formation of a uniform law enforcement practice, the panel of judges concluded that it was necessary to refer criminal proceedings to the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court and to ask questions for clarification of the legislative provisions. On the basis of the generalized case law, it was concluded that there is no unity in approaches to granting the victim permission for temporary access to things and documents. It is concluded that the issues raised in the article are theoretical and practical issues of granting the victim permission for temporary access to things and documents which ...

This article is devoted to the research on the concept and features of the advocate's wrongful cooperation with law-enforcement bodies and the circumstances that influence the severity of a disciplinary penalty in the result of such cooperation. A list of certain features is given to distinguish the lawful cooperation of an advocate with law-enforcement bodies from the wrongful one, which leads to bringing the advocate to the disciplinary responsibility. The author ascertains the forms in which the wrongful cooperation of an advocate and law-enforcement bodies may occur. The article determines that law-enforcement bodies often use the information that an advocate possesses due to his/her special professional status in order to perform their functions. Besides, the article examines the possibility for an advocate to be a whistleblower under the Law of Ukraine on Prevention of Corruption. The article also analyzes the decision of the Supreme Court in the administrative case where the decision of the Higher Qualification and Disciplinary Bar Commission (HQDB) on bringing the advocate to the disciplinary responsibility and imposing a disciplinary penalty of depriving him the right to advocacy for a wrongful cooperation with law-enforcement bodies is appealed. In this research the attention is paid to the wrongdoer's arguments and the corresponding legal position of the Supreme Court which, having used the acts of the national legislation, determined advocate's actions to be illegal and denied the claimant's demands. The author defines the category of a "wrongful cooperation of an advocate with law-enforcement bodies", determines its features, and suggests the ways for improving the effectiveness of bringing wrongdoers to the disciplinary responsibility in case of such cooperation. Keywords: a disciplinary offence, a disciplinary penalty, a confidant, a whistleblower, secret investigatory (inquiry) operations, tracking measures.

International audience ; The research is dedicated to the analysis of law enforcement civil aspects in legal regulation of public relations, determination of its character and value as security instrument of their effectiveness. It is set that law realization is considered in such forms as law fulfillment, law application, law enforcement, law fulfillment and law termination accompanying the motion of civil-law relations. It is proved that the reason for law enforcement in the course of civil-law relations realization is such character of their development, reality and affiliation of which in view of their social value is provided individually-legal instructions given by public authority. Realization of subjective civil rights and legal obligations in private relation is provided by the acceptance of individual legal act issued by governmental authority. Authority's activity in law enforcement mechanism is provided by the system of legal measures (mechanism elements), the total amount of which shall be naturally implemented in law realization mechanism the component of which is law enforcement mechanism in synchronically directed at provision of its effectiveness. To such elements of law enforcement mechanism each of which is specified within the appropriate law realization may be included: legal provision, legal relations and judicial fact. ; Правозастосування в правовому регулюванні суспільних відносин є формою забезпечення сталого розвитку цивільних правовідносин в Україні. Підставою його запровадження в процесі реалізації цивільних правовідносин є такий характер їх розвитку, реальність і належність якого, в силу їх соціальної цінності, забезпечується індивідуально-правовим приписом органу публічної влади. Він проявляється в разі необхідності державного впливу на розвиток цивільних правовідносин з метою забезпечення суспільного інтересу. Втілення його в життя забезпечується механізмом правового регулювання.Механізм правового регулювання складається з окремих складових частин, які забезпечують його ...

The problem of research and, consequently, the standardization of law enforcement terminology as a system, aimed to meet the requirements of both police officers and citizens of Ukraine have arisen in connection with the modern transformation of law enforcement authorities from a militarized structure to an administrative and legal one, and their fixation on European standards. Taking into account the number of scientific studies, concentrated on paradigmatic relations in different term systems, scholars have never focused their attention exactly on law-enforcement terminology as a system with characteristic paradigmatic relations, which is the relevance of researches in this direction. The aim of the scientific study is to identify and explore paradigmatic relations in the system of modern Ukrainian law enforcement terminology as a strategy for its standardization. During the analysis of terminological material, it has been identified that the paradigmatic links in Ukrainian law enforcement terminology reflect the stages of formation and development of law enforcement corpus of terms as a system. It has been noted that a characteristic feature of Ukrainian law enforcement terminology is the existence of a considerable number of terms from other humanitarian spheres, in particular jurisprudence, military science and medicine. This leads to paradigmatic relations as such, arising between words and groups of words on the basis of the similarity or opposition of their meanings (synonymy, antonymy, hyper-hyponymy, etc.). Scholars have different perceptions of the range of problems provided in the terminology science as it is evidenced by numerous debates that have both categorical denial and justification of stylistic conditionality. The main directions of standardization of Ukrainian law enforcement terminology have been offered as a new transformed system, in particular the elimination of loan translations from Russian, the prevention of borrowings and the creation of a national system of terms, most accurately representing object and subject mutual relations, and current activity of law enforcement system of Ukraine. This will lead to the further formation of a qualitatively new policing authority, intended to protect the rights and interests of Ukrainian citizens on the principles of transparency and accessibility ; Аналіз термінологійних наукових праць дав можливість виявити, що українська правоохоронна терміносистема (УПТ) в аспекті парадигматичних відношень ще не вивчалася. Парадигматичні зв'язки (синонімія, антонімія, паронімія) в УПТ відображають етапи становлення й розвитку правоохоронного термінологійного корпусу. Запропоновано основні напрями унормування УПТ як нової трансформованої системи, що зумовить подальше формування якісно нового поліційного органу, покликаного захищати права та інтереси громадян України на засадах прозорості й доступності.

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of public administration features formation in the conditions of strategic changes. The article focuses on the law enforcement agencies' role in public administration in Ukraine. The main directions of public administration improvement within the framework of European integration reform are considered. Public administration development stages within the framework of state-public relations are determined. The content and state's law-enforcement function peculiarities are analyzed. Due to major socio-political changes, the importance to develop and implement fundamentally new approaches to state's law-enforcement function implementation is proved. The consequences of law-enforcement function limitation by legal forms and active use of illegal content forms are analyzed. Firstly, it covers a wide range of public relations and processes through law enforcement activities. Secondly, it promotes non-governmental organizations and citizens involvement in law-enforcement process. Thirdly, it reflects the objective pattern inherent in the rule of law. The law enforcement agencies' role of a democratic state in law enforcement process is investigated. The law-enforcement agencies are regarded as public authorities empowered to monitor compliance with legislation in a particular defined area of law, to use coercion to enforce their tasks. The content of state's law-enforcement bodies, their organization and activity determined by law, is revealed. The current problems of administrative decision preparation and organization of law-enforcement activity, in particular anti-corruption, are considered. The public administration elements in relation to each law-enforcement anti-corruption activity entities are considered. ; Стаття присвячена особливостям формування ознак публічного управління в умовах стратегічних змін. У статті спрямовано увагу на роль правоохоронних органів при здійсненні публічного управління в Україні. Розглянуто основні напрями вдосконалення публічного управління в межах євроінтеграційної реформи. Визначено етапи процесу розвитку публічного управління в рамках державно-суспільних відносин. Проаналізовано зміст і особливості правоохоронної функції держави. Зазначено, що в умовах значних соціально-політичних змін актуалізується потреба розробки й втілення принципово нових підходів до реалізації правоохоронної функції держави. Зауважено, що подолання обмеженості здійснення правоохоронної функції виключно правовими формами і активне застосування форм неправового змісту, по-перше, дає змогу охопити правоохоронною діяльністю гранично широке коло суспільних відносин і процесів; по-друге, сприяє залученню до правоохорони недержавних організацій і громадян; по-третє, відображає об'єктивну закономірність, характерну для діяльності правової держави. Досліджено роль правоохоронних органів демократичної держави в забезпеченні правопорядку. Правоохоронні органи розглянуто як державні органи, уповноважені на здійснення контролю за дотриманням законодавства у певній визначеній галузі права, застосування примусу для забезпечення виконання поставлених перед ними завдань. Розкрито зміст правоохоронних органів держави, організація і порядок діяльності яких визначаються законом. Розглядаються актуальні проблеми підготовки та організації управлінських рішень сфери правоохоронної діяльності, зокрема антикорупційної. Розглянуто елементи публічного управління відносно кожного з суб'єктів правоохоронної діяльності антикорупційного значення.

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of public administration features formation in the conditions of strategic changes. The article focuses on the law enforcement agencies' role in public administration in Ukraine. The main directions of public administration improvement within the framework of European integration reform are considered. Public administration development stages within the framework of state-public relations are determined. The content and state's law-enforcement function peculiarities are analyzed. Due to major socio-political changes, the importance to develop and implement fundamentally new approaches to state's law-enforcement function implementation is proved. The consequences of law-enforcement function limitation by legal forms and active use of illegal content forms are analyzed. Firstly, it covers a wide range of public relations and processes through law enforcement activities. Secondly, it promotes non-governmental organizations and citizens involvement in law-enforcement process. Thirdly, it reflects the objective pattern inherent in the rule of law. The law enforcement agencies' role of a democratic state in law enforcement process is investigated. The law-enforcement agencies are regarded as public authorities empowered to monitor compliance with legislation in a particular defined area of law, to use coercion to enforce their tasks. The content of state's law-enforcement bodies, their organization and activity determined by law, is revealed. The current problems of administrative decision preparation and organization of law-enforcement activity, in particular anti-corruption, are considered. The public administration elements in relation to each law-enforcement anti-corruption activity entities are considered. ; Стаття присвячена особливостям формування ознак публічного управління в умовах стратегічних змін. У статті спрямовано увагу на роль правоохоронних органів при здійсненні публічного управління в Україні. Розглянуто основні напрями вдосконалення публічного управління в межах євроінтеграційної реформи. Визначено етапи процесу розвитку публічного управління в рамках державно-суспільних відносин. Проаналізовано зміст і особливості правоохоронної функції держави. Зазначено, що в умовах значних соціально-політичних змін актуалізується потреба розробки й втілення принципово нових підходів до реалізації правоохоронної функції держави. Зауважено, що подолання обмеженості здійснення правоохоронної функції виключно правовими формами і активне застосування форм неправового змісту, по-перше, дає змогу охопити правоохоронною діяльністю гранично широке коло суспільних відносин і процесів; по-друге, сприяє залученню до правоохорони недержавних організацій і громадян; по-третє, відображає об'єктивну закономірність, характерну для діяльності правової держави. Досліджено роль правоохоронних органів демократичної держави в забезпеченні правопорядку. Правоохоронні органи розглянуто як державні органи, уповноважені на здійснення контролю за дотриманням законодавства у певній визначеній галузі права, застосування примусу для забезпечення виконання поставлених перед ними завдань. Розкрито зміст правоохоронних органів держави, організація і порядок діяльності яких визначаються законом. Розглядаються актуальні проблеми підготовки та організації управлінських рішень сфери правоохоронної діяльності, зокрема антикорупційної. Розглянуто елементи публічного управління відносно кожного з суб'єктів правоохоронної діяльності антикорупційного значення.

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of public administration features formation in the conditions of strategic changes. The article focuses on the law enforcement agencies' role in public administration in Ukraine. The main directions of public administration improvement within the framework of European integration reform are considered. Public administration development stages within the framework of state-public relations are determined. The content and state's law-enforcement function peculiarities are analyzed. Due to major socio-political changes, the importance to develop and implement fundamentally new approaches to state's law-enforcement function implementation is proved. The consequences of law-enforcement function limitation by legal forms and active use of illegal content forms are analyzed. Firstly, it covers a wide range of public relations and processes through law enforcement activities. Secondly, it promotes non-governmental organizations and citizens involvement in law-enforcement process. Thirdly, it reflects the objective pattern inherent in the rule of law. The law enforcement agencies' role of a democratic state in law enforcement process is investigated. The law-enforcement agencies are regarded as public authorities empowered to monitor compliance with legislation in a particular defined area of law, to use coercion to enforce their tasks. The content of state's law-enforcement bodies, their organization and activity determined by law, is revealed. The current problems of administrative decision preparation and organization of law-enforcement activity, in particular anti-corruption, are considered. The public administration elements in relation to each law-enforcement anti-corruption activity entities are considered. ; Стаття присвячена особливостям формування ознак публічного управління в умовах стратегічних змін. У статті спрямовано увагу на роль правоохоронних органів при здійсненні публічного управління в Україні. Розглянуто основні напрями вдосконалення публічного управління в межах євроінтеграційної реформи. Визначено етапи процесу розвитку публічного управління в рамках державно-суспільних відносин. Проаналізовано зміст і особливості правоохоронної функції держави. Зазначено, що в умовах значних соціально-політичних змін актуалізується потреба розробки й втілення принципово нових підходів до реалізації правоохоронної функції держави. Зауважено, що подолання обмеженості здійснення правоохоронної функції виключно правовими формами і активне застосування форм неправового змісту, по-перше, дає змогу охопити правоохоронною діяльністю гранично широке коло суспільних відносин і процесів; по-друге, сприяє залученню до правоохорони недержавних організацій і громадян; по-третє, відображає об'єктивну закономірність, характерну для діяльності правової держави. Досліджено роль правоохоронних органів демократичної держави в забезпеченні правопорядку. Правоохоронні органи розглянуто як державні органи, уповноважені на здійснення контролю за дотриманням законодавства у певній визначеній галузі права, застосування примусу для забезпечення виконання поставлених перед ними завдань. Розкрито зміст правоохоронних органів держави, організація і порядок діяльності яких визначаються законом. Розглядаються актуальні проблеми підготовки та організації управлінських рішень сфери правоохоронної діяльності, зокрема антикорупційної. Розглянуто елементи публічного управління відносно кожного з суб'єктів правоохоронної діяльності антикорупційного значення.

The article has analyzed the principles which are the basis for settlement of the dispute with participation of judge. Personal arguments regarding reasonableness of closed meetings as a certain form of the procedure for settlement of the dispute with participation of judge have been provided. The authors have concluded that this institute is out of civil procedure. The authors focus on problematic aspects which prevent achievement of efficiency due to the use of the settlement of dispute with participation of judge. Besides, authors draw attention to the lack of special training for the national judges, necessary special training and selection of judges who will become mediators. Reasonableness and negative consequences for a judge who combines settlement procedures with performance of main duties have been analyzed. The author has distinguished between the settlement of the dispute with participation of judge and mediation procedure. Conclusion about differences have been made. The article provides proposals to amendments civil procedure legislation. The authors propose to choose the model of voluntary mediation in the court when this procedure is possible with the consent of parties. Personal opinion on implementation of the institute of the judge-mediator, special registry of these judges, introduction of professional education and selection of these persons has been provided. Besides, it has been concluded that some restrictions should be introduced regarding combination of mediation procedures and main professional obligations by the judge. Moreover, necessity to abolish temporary restrictions for procedure of settling the dispute with participation of judge to avoid excessive formalism and fast decision on the case has been underlined.

The article presents an analysis of the legal basis for implementing the law enforcement function of the state in the economic sphere, Ukraine's entry into the single European economic and political space. The importance of the law enforcement function of the state in the sphere of Ukraine's economy in the context of legal regulation, which is directly related to the sovereignty and protection of national interests, is analyzed. Legal regulation of the economy should be carried out in two priority areas: regulatory consolidation of acceptable mechanisms that develop as a result of natural economic laws; economic development to achieve the interests of the state and society in the context of European integration. The directions of improvement of legal regulation of the economic sphere of Ukraine are offered, namely: improvement of the normative-legal base of realization of the system of measures of financial safety maintenance; effective legal regulation of economic relations; compliance with the provisions adopted by the legislation of Ukraine in the field of prevention of corruption violations; ensuring fair competition, supporting entrepreneurship and others.

The research focuses on the basic theoretical and practical aspects of legal norms enforcement in terms of pluralism of interpretation of inherent requirements of law enforcer's morality. The analysis of morality as a society social regulator has been provided through the prism of its social differentiation. Moreover, moral principles of the person depend on the level of needs (under A. Maslow's pyramid of needs) where a person`s activity is directed. Although, a person's ability to meet the requirements of a certain level depends more or less on the person's age, intellectual level, their residential area, religion, financial standing and their role in working process organization etc.The factors under consideration in terms of the formation of individual's moral consciousness depends are the following: social background, national and cultural traditions, certain conditions of personality formation (family, school, the closest environment), urbanization, individual and social experience (including professional– e.g. the difference between moral assessments of local court judges and the Supreme Court of Ukrainian Justices), the sphere of activity, religiousness, influence of public opinion and mass media, age factors, differences in needs and interests etc.In Ukraine, there are a lot of law enforcement subjects providing a moral assessment in their activity. Some of these subjects' powers intersect each other so that in some cases they pass different (even opposite) decisions concerning the same object of moral assessment. The practice of Ukrainian legislation application is analyzed in terms of differences in the application of the same legal norm because of a different understanding of morality requirements. The pluralism of morality requirements understanding during law enforcement by the bodies of state power belonging to the same sphere has been demonstrated.For this purpose, the judicial practice has been analyzed as well. The position of the courts as to what should be considered as immoral offense while applying the legal norm which foresees dismissing of an employee because of committing the immoral offense inconsistent with work continuance is established to be different. Some of the judicial decisions in the analyzed cases are based on the fact whether the participation of a pedagogical worker in a fight is an immoral offense. Different views of judges on this issue caused different material law norm enforcement.It has been justified that the understanding of morality during law applying in socially heterogeneous society can be expressed in two ways: law enforcers on the same hierarchy level apply the legal norm differently that specifies the necessity of case circumstances for moral assessment on the basis of their different understanding of the morality requirements; law enforcement subject within own competence cancels the law enforcing act of another law enforcement subject, being guided by another understanding of morality requirements (for example a court repeals the law enforcement act of another body or court of the higher instance repeals the decision of the lower instance court). ; Досліджено основні теоретико-правові та практичні аспекти застосування правових норм з огляду на плюралізм інтерпретацій змістовних вимог моралі. У контексті дос­лідження проаналізовано мораль як соціальний регулятор суспільства крізь призму соціальної диференціації суспільства. Значну увагу приділено прикладам та практичному застосуванню отриманих при дослідженні результатів.З'ясовано, що плюралізм розуміння вимог моралі під час правозастосування в соціально неоднорідному суспільстві може проявлятися двома способами: суб'єкти право­застосування одного рівня по-різному застосовують правову норму, що обумовлює необ­хідність морального оцінювання обставин справи, керуючись їх різним розумінням вимог моралі; суб'єкт правозастосування у межах компетенції скасовує правозастосовчий акт іншого суб'єкта правозастосування, зважаючи на інше розуміння вимог моралі (наприклад, скасування судом правозастосовчого акта іншого органу або ж суд вищої інстанції скасовує рішення суду нижчої інстанції).

Стаття присвячена розгляду ролі і місця правоохоронних органів у правовій державі. Розкрито зміст діяльності правоохоронних органів у структурі державних органів, що спрямована на побудову правового демократичного суспільства, зміцнення правопорядку та законності, захист суспільства та особистості від порушень норм права. The purpose of this paper is to investigate issues related to the functioning of the police in a state of law, particularly in the area of human rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of man and citizen action using legal measures intended to maintain a stable law and order in the country, the fight against crime and other offenses. The article is devoted to the role and place of law enforcement in the state of law. The article deals with the problem of disclosure of the activity of law en- forcement bodies in the struct me of state organs, directed to the creation of a legal democratic society, strengthening of law and order, and legality, protecting the public and personality from the vi olation of rules of law. Unlike other systems of government, the system of law enforcement does not have the traditional organizational structure, such as the system of executive power, but a coherent set of systems forming factor which is not structural (organizational), and functional criteria - directly to law enforcement, that defined their common functionality, which is mainly in the protection and enforcement. Therefore, system-factor law enforcement is law enforcement, for which the state creates law enforcement.

International audience ; The research is dedicated to the analysis of law enforcement civil aspects inlegal regulation of public relations, determination of its character and value as security instrumentof their effectiveness.It is set that law realization is considered in such forms as law fulfillment, law application, lawenforcement, law fulfillment and law termination accompanying the motion of civil-lawrelations.Law enforcement legal nature is stipulated by the objective necessity to influence on thebehavior of participants of such civil-law relations to ensure their compliance with the legalmodel. It is proved that the reason for law enforcement in the course of civil-law relationsrealization is such character of their development, reality and affiliation of which in view of theirsocial value is provided individually-legal instructions given by public authority. Realizationof subjective civil rights and legal obligations in private relation is provided by the acceptanceof individual legal act issued by governmental authority.Law enforcement mechanism in a private law was considered whereby the combinationof legal measures through which public activity of governmental authority is adjusted should beunderstood, which involves adjustment of civil-law relations in the course of their legal regulation,provision of stable public society development.Authority's activity in law enforcement mechanism is provided by the system of legalmeasures (mechanism elements), the total amount of which shall be naturally implementedin law realization mechanism the component of which is law enforcement mechanismin synchronically directed at provision of its effectiveness. To such elements of law enforcementmechanism each of which is specified within the appropriate law realization may be included:legal provision, legal relations and judicial fact. ; Дослідження присвячено аналізу цивільно-правових аспектів правозастосування у правовому регулюванні суспільних відносин, встановленню природи і значення його як інструменту ...