Suchergebnisse

The Martens Clause has formed a part of the laws of armed conflict since its first appearance in the preamble to the 1899 Hague Convention (II) with respect to the laws and customs of war on land:"Until a more complete code of the laws of war is issued, the High Contracting Parties think it right to declare that in cases not included in the Regulations adopted by them, populations and belligerents remain under the protection and empire of the principles of international law, as they result from the usages established between civilized nations, from the laws of humanity and the requirements of the public conscience."

This article examines matters relating to the categorisation of individuals under the laws of armed conflict, with particular reference to issues that have been at the centre of attention in the past decade, including the debates over the notion of direct participation by civilians and, in particular, the so called "war on terror". The focus of this article is on the actual effects of categorisation of individuals -- particularly in the conduct of hostilities -- and whether the controversies over the labels used are in fact a major concern or, perhaps, more of a distracting smokescreen. Adapted from the source document.

Despite the harsh treatment that can befall collaborators in armed conflict, and despite collaboration often not being voluntary, international law leaves unanswered the ethical questions posed by those who join with the enemy. Shane Darcy explores the issue, calling for a much needed assessment of the protections granted to collaborators in war.

"Dieser Beitrag untersucht Probleme, die sich bei der Bildung von Personenkategorien unter dem Recht des bewaffneten Konflikts stellen. Insbesondere wird auf Fragen eingegangen, die im letzten Jahrzehnt im Mittelpunkt der Debatte standen, wie die unmittelbare Beteiligung von Zivilisten und vor allem der sogenannte war on terror. Der Fokus dieses Beitrags liegt auf den tatsächlichen Auswirkungen der Kategorisierung von Personengruppen, insbesondere im Rahmen von Feindseligkeiten. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, ob die Kontroversen um Bezeichnungen wirklich von Bedeutung sind oder - vielleicht - nur Nebelkerzen zünden, die vom Wesentlichen ablenken." (Autorenreferat)