Suchergebnisse

AbstractTransparency is increasingly a general norm for government conduct, but it is not considered desirable in all situations. Leaking confidential information is a salient example of this. Leaking namely has a very negative connotation: it is associated with egotism, harmfulness and prosecution. Despite its impact, hardly any empirical research has been conducted to test these assumptions. We seek to redress the negative bias by discussing three sources of empirical material. Our discussion leads us to conclude that some officials leak for unvirtuous reasons but that many are actually driven by public interest. Leaking appears to occur quite often and within more or less stable networks of journalists and public officials. Leakers mainly prove to be higher ranked officials and politicians, rather than frustrated lower ranked officials. This indicates that generally too much is held secret. Increasing transparency may be a good measure to reduce leaking, because it removes the breeding ground for leaks. This would imply the need for a new definition of leaking that offers a clearer pretext for moral judgement of leaks. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Introduction: a new perspective on an old problem -- Two separate languages? -- Where the action is a remarkable biological miracle? -- Images in the hands, images in the mind -- Different vehicles of meaning -- Gestures and the frustrations of everyday life -- Speech is only half the story -- Who or what the hands portray -- How our eyes are drawn to the gestures of others : the gesture limits itself intelligently to what matters? -- Manipulating the salience of individual elements to see how gestures respond -- How metaphoric gestures affect us -- Putting iconic gestures into TV advertisements -- How iconic gestures can leak the truth -- Unconscious gesture can leak unconscious attitude -- Concluding remarks -- References

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction to a Whistle-Blower -- What Led to Snowden's Actions? -- Snowden's Leaks -- Edward Snowden: Hero or Villain -- Summing Up -- Glossary -- Chronology -- Further Information -- Selected Bibliography -- Index -- About the Author -- Back Cover.

Il existe des nuances de sens significatives entre les notions de lanceur d'alerte, de whistleblower et de leaks qui dépendent de l'histoire et des traditions nationales.

Abstract
Background Surgical treatment of anterior cranial base traumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is challenging and is fraught with complications. Whether a person should be offered open craniotomy or endoscopic endonasal repair is a dilemma faced by most surgeons. This study is one of the few to directly compare the two forms of management.
Methods Data were collected from two groups of 15 patients each who underwent transcranial CSF leak repair and endoscopic endonasal CSF leak repair in a tertiary care hospital over a 3-year period. Information including demographics, recurrence rates, complications, and hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay was recorded and analyzed. Outcome was assessed up to 6 months.
Results Recurrence was seen in 9/30 patients, 6 in the transcranial group and 3 in the endoscopic group. Hospital stay was longer than 1 week in all the transcranially operated patients and only in 73% of the endoscopically operated patients (p = 0.439) although ICU stay was reduced in the endoscopic group (p = 0.066). Complications were more common with transcranial repair (seven of eight patients who underwent transcranial repair, p = 0.035) with anosmia being the most common (33.3%, p = 0.042).
Conclusion The transcranial open repair is a reasonable choice especially for leaks that occur through the frontal sinus and extend backward into the frontoethmoidal region. However, this approach has the drawbacks of greater number of complications, higher recurrence rate, and longer ICU and overall hospital stay. The endoscopic endonasal repair enjoys a lower morbidity profile although it may not be an adequate treatment for leaks that are placed far laterally in the frontal sinus.

BACKGROUND: Various graft materials that are classified as autografts, xenografts, and allografts based on their origin have been used to endoscopically repair skull base defects. Tutoplast® (Tutogen Medical GmbH), an allogeneic natural collagen matrix, is processed through chemical sterilization that preserves tissue biocompatibility and structural integrity. OBJECTIVE: To study the safety and efficacy of Tutoplast Fascia Lata and Tutoplast Temporalis Fascia® as primary graft materials in the endoscopic reconstruction of skull base defects of different sizes and etiologies and to compare the outcomes with those of other traditional graft materials based on our experience. METHODS: This is a multi-center retrospective chart review of patients who underwent cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSF) endoscopic reconstruction with Tutoplast Fascia Lata or Tutoplast Temporalis Fascia as either a stand-alone reconstruction material or a part of a multilayer reconstruction depending on the defect at Prince Sultan Military Medical City and King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between 2017 and 2020. Our inclusion criteria were CSF leak repair with Tutoplast and a transnasal endoscopic approach. We reviewed demographic data, intraoperative and postoperative complications, repair materials, repair failure, defect size and location. RESULTS: Tutoplast® was used as the primary graft material in 33 cases. Our main outcome was repair success with lack of post operative CSF leak, observed in 30 cases (90.9%). There was no significant association between postoperative CSF leaks and factors including different defect sizes, defect sites, demographic data, hospitalization duration, or postoperative radiation in oncological cases. CONCLUSION: Tutoplast alone or in combination with other materials can be used safely and effectively for skull base defects repair.

Republican lawmakers criticized the former NIH official for playing "semantics" about lab leaks and gain-of-function research during closed-door congressional testimony this week.

Discusses legal cases and demonstrations against Union Carbide; a lethal gas leak from the US corporation's pesticide factory in Bhopal, India killed thousands of people in 1984.

With the Obama administration failing to honour its commitment to openness, leaks are of the few means of holding government to account, says David L Sobel

The Pentagon Papers leaker risked prison to reveal that American military officials were lying to Congress and the public about Vietnam. He died today at age 92.

Bad American policy toward China is being weaponized in Canada by an unholy alliance of CSIS leaks, media hype and political malfeasance. And we have the latest on Ukraine.

Stress tests performed in Europe after accident at Fukushima Daiichi also required evaluation of the consequences of loss of safety functions due to station blackout (SBO). Long-term SBO in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) leads to severe accident sequences, assuming that existing plant means (systems, equipment, and procedures) are used for accident mitigation. Therefore the main objective was to study the accident management strategies for SBO scenarios (with different reactor coolant pumps (RCPs) leaks assumed) to delay the time before core uncovers and significantly heats up. The most important strategies assumed were primary side depressurization and additional makeup water to reactor coolant system (RCS). For simulations of long term SBO scenarios, including early stages of severe accident sequences, the best estimate RELAP5/MOD3.3 and the verified input model of Krško two-loop PWR were used. The results suggest that for the expected magnitude of RCPs seal leak, the core uncovery during the first seven days could be prevented by using the turbine-driven auxiliary feedwater pump and manually depressurizing the RCS through the secondary side. For larger RCPs seal leaks, in general this is not the case. Nevertheless, the core uncovery can be significantly delayed by increasing RCS depressurization.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- CONTENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- WHAT THE ACADEMICS SAY -- WHAT THE GOVERNMENT AND POLITICIANS SAY -- WHAT THE COURTS SAY -- WHAT ADVOCACY GROUPS SAY -- WHAT THE MEDIA SAY -- WHAT REGULAR CITIZENS SAY -- CONCLUSION -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER NOTES -- GLOSSARY -- FOR MORE INFORMATION -- INDEX -- ABOUT THE EDITOR -- Back Cover

Preliminary Material -- Vorwort -- Argumentationsnot der NSA nach Snowden, politische Optionsanalyse und Tendenzvoraussage -- Die Erste Option: Abschaffung der NSA -- Die Zweite Option: Vereinbarkeit von NSA-Überwachungen und Grundrechten -- Die Dritte Option: Moderne Theokratie statt der NSA -- Die Vierte Option: NSA-Religion statt moderner Theokratie -- Literatur -- Danksagung.