Suchergebnisse

By Seda Yucekurt. Why was the 1918 Influenza pandemic largely "forgotten"? The conceptualization of the pandemic as a catastrophic event is multifaceted, involving socio-historical and cultural dimensions. The potential answer lies in the observation, that it coincided with the final stages of the First World War, allowing for socio-historical interpretations based on this contextualization. Apart from the overshadowing effect of the First World War, as several resources indicate, the experiences of the 1918 pandemic may have faded from collective memory due to inadequate documentation and reporting. Does this oblivion or silence prevail in Turkish literature?

Ziel der Studie ist es, den Stand der Fähigkeiten von Grundschulkindern zur affektiven Perspektivenübernahme beim Verstehen literarischer Texte, als empathisches Textverstehen, und ihre Zusammenhänge mit Textverstehen und Leseeinstellungen zu untersuchen. Die Erhebung dieser Merkmale erfolgte anhand von Tests und Fragebögen im Anschluss an Lesungen. Die Befunde verdeutlichen, dass Kinder (N = 160), insbesondere Mädchen, substantielle Fähigkeiten im empathischen Textverstehen aufweisen, die positiv mit den Leseeinstellungen und dem übergreifenden Textverstehen korrelieren. Dass diese Fähigkeiten, vermittelt über Leseeinstellungen, das Textverstehen begünstigen, zeigen die Daten nicht. Die Studie bietet zudem neue methodische Zugänge zur Erfassung des empathischen und des übergreifenden Textverstehens. Diese zukünftig bei Leseprozessen und im Entwicklungsverlauf zu untersuchen, lässt Erkenntnisse zum Potenzial empathischen Lesens für den Erwerb von Lesekompetenz und weiteren Fähigkeiten erwarten.

"With his 1,200+ page study of Robert Musil's novel "The Man Without Qualities", Norbert Christian Wolf has produced a book which many may assume is "unreadable" on account of its enormous size alone. As a work of literary studies, it certainly runs the risk of being largely ignored by the social sciences. From a methodological perspective, however, there are good reasons to engage with this book: not only does it contain a concise theoretical substantiation and methodological description of the socio-analysis of literary texts according to Pierre Bourdieu, it also demonstrates this method in detail on the corpus of the fictional characters in Musil's novel. In terms of literary studies, Wolf's book can therefore be viewed as a kind of encyclopedia for Musil's work; sociologically, it represents a nuanced socio-analysis of the "history of the calamities of the 20th century". Before looking at the methodological and methodical aspects of Wolf's study, this review essay presents some introductory thoughts on the use of literary works in the social sciences as well as a few cursory references to selected works which introduce or make use of this method themselves." (author's abstract)

URL: http://sefad.selcuk.edu.tr/sefad/article/view/117 ; Edebi metinlerde politika çok anlamlılığı ve kültürel özellikleri yansıtmaktadır. Politika ve edebiyatın kültürlerdeki derin kökleri toplum içerisinde insanların tutum ve davranışlarına yön vermekte ve çağdaş edebiyat biliminin de politikayı yönlendirdiği görülmektedir. Edebiyat, başka ülkelere karsı oluşan önyargıları ortadan kaldırdığı gibi hoşgörü ve dayanışmayı da tesis etmektedir. E. Kischon, M. Kutlu ve B.Brecht'in politik yazılarında toplumsal sorunlar politik gücün etkisi ile birlikte değerlendirilmektedir. Politik gerçekler kurmaca anlatımla ve derin bir zeka analizi ile ifade edilmiştir. Karşıt görüşlerin, bugün için son derece zorunlu olan "Kültürlerarası Diyaloğu" canlandıracağı kanısındayız. ; Politics reflects polysemy and cultural features in literary texts. The deep roots of politics and literature in cultures dominate the attitudes and the behaviours of people in society and it is seen that the contemporary literature science dominates the politics. Literature, while abolishing the prejudice towards other countries, creates tolerance and cooperation. Social problems are evaluated with the effect of political power in polical essays of E.Kischon, M.Kutlu and B.Brecht. Political realities are expressed by fictional narration and a deep analysis of intelligence. Opposing views, we are of the opinion that will dynamize "Intercultural Dialogue" that is very crucial in our age.

"Mit seiner gut 1.200 Seiten umfassenden Studie zu Robert Musils Roman 'Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften' hat Norbert Christian WOLF ein Buch vorgelegt, das von vielen vermutlich allein wegen seines enormen Umfangs für 'unlesbar' gehalten werden mag. Und da es ein literaturwissenschaftliches Werk ist, läuft es allemal Gefahr, in den Sozialwissenschaften kaum zur Kenntnis genommen zu werden. Aus methodologischer Perspektive gibt es allerdings gute Gründe, sich mit diesem Buch zu beschäftigen, denn es enthält nicht nur eine konzise theoretische Begründung und methodologische Beschreibung der Sozioanalyse literarischer Texte nach Pierre Bourdieu, sondern führt diese Methode auch detailliert am Großteil der fiktiven Figuren aus Musils Roman vor. Literaturwissenschaftlich kann Wolfs Buch daher als eine Art Enzyklopädie zu Musils Werk gesehen werden; soziologisch stellt es eine differenzierte Sozioanalyse der 'Katastrophengeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts' dar. Bevor in diesem Review Essay die methodologischen und methodischen Aspekte von Wolfs Studie betrachtet werden, sollen zunächst einführende Überlegungen zur Verwendung literarischer Werke in den Sozialwissenschaften sowie einige kursorische Hinweise auf ausgewählte Arbeiten, die in diese Methode einführen oder sich derselben bedienen, vorangestellt werden." (Autorenreferat)

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Umgang mit literarischen Texten im Unterricht Deutsch als Fremdsprache in der französischen Schweiz. Der Ausgangspunkt sind einige Überlegungen zur Bedeutung des Lesens literarischer Texte im heutigen Unterricht. Im ersten Teil wird der Literaturunterricht (LU) in schulischem Kontext des Kantons Waadt im Kontext der Bildungspolitik erläutert. Im zweiten Teil wird die Verschiebung der Rolle von Literatur mit der Entwicklung didaktischer Methoden für den fremdsprachlichen LU in einer historisch-sozial-didaktischen Perspektive dargestellt. Im dritten Teil wird der Umgang mit dem aktuellen kompetenz- und handlungsorientierten LU in der Praxis und die Perspektiven, die sich daraus ergeben, diskutiert.This article focuses on teaching literary texts in German as a foreign language in the French-speaking part of Switzerland. I start with a discussion of the importance of reading literary texts in current teaching. In the first part, literature teaching in the school context of the canton of Vaud is explained in the context of educational policy. In the second part, I present changes of the role of literature in foreign language teaching from a socio-historical and didactic perspective. In the third part, I discuss perspectives for the teaching of literature within the framework of current action-oriented approaches.

The paper presents memory strategies of East German authors in literary texts after 1990. It involves mainly young authors and texts with the autobiographical background. Is addresses, in particular, the question of Ostalgie, which was used in the 1990s to give the impression that the GDR would be remembered nostalgically. The transfiguration of the image is a reminder of the possible strategies and constitutes part of the collective memory. A critical confrontation with the German Democratic Republic is missing.

"In literary texts which address the disintegration of Yugoslavia, (alternative) narratives of history are very important. Moreover, in David Albahari's Snezni covek/ Snow Man (1995) and Mamac/ Bait (1996) the map as medium has a strong presence. In Mamac the protagonist spreads out a map of Europe to explain his country's history. In Snezni covek the protagonist believes that he lives in the house of a cartographer. An historical atlas dominates the talks between the protagonist and a professor of political science. The article connects the literary approaches to the map as medium in the texts of Albahari with theoretical discourses on cartography and practices of mapping (Sybille Krämer, Denis Cosgrove, Franco Farinelli, Frank Lestringant, Michel de Certeau). The map as medium is connected with the practice of mapping (in) time and space. This is important because the disintegration of Yugoslavia is central in both texts: The process of disintegration demonstrates disorientation in relation to time and space. The map freezes a certain spatial and temporal configuration - and represents a position from which the past, present and future can be defined, but also whether and how borders have shifted." (author's abstract)

Literary imitations of the testament form have a European tradition going back to classical times and constitute a neglected part of English literature. Although examples appear from the 14th century onwards, no thorough study of last wills and testaments as a specific form of English literature has been undertaken. This neglect may be because, within the broad field of the literary idea of 'legacy', parodies of the testament form ('mock testaments') and serious imitations ('lovers' testaments' etc.) appear in nearly every genre as either single texts or parts of larger ones, themselves crossing the genre boundaries. Then too, a large number of literary testaments come under the heading of 'minor literature' , such as shortlived pamphlets and broadsides. Yet the use which major authors like Shakespeare and Donne made of the literary testament shows that it had become an established form in the 16th century. The texts under examination here would normally be referred to as courtly love poems, political pamphlets, jests, cook-books, nursery rhymes, epic poems, autobiographical verse (Chatterton's Will), modern poems (yeats, Auden and McNeice) or as parts of masques, plays or novels. The aim is to show that one can legitimately speak of all these texts as belonging to a single literary category. In addition to adescription of the history of the literary testament in England, the central problem of this study was one of generic form. The attempt has been made to apply recent ideas of genre theory, i.e., the structuralist generative approach, to texts imitating a non-literary or utility document. This non-literary model is narrowly defined by criteria set by the Church and the Law. Thus it becomes possible to proceed as if the model were the generic norm of a corpus of greatly varying literary texts, thereby avoiding the problems of defming and re-defming selective principles (and of the need to assume a hypothetical 'first form') for the gathering of texts. The testament is a private re cord especially weil suited for studies of this kind because of its traditional fixed form and wide popularization from the Middle Ages onwards. In its complexity, the testament allows for more variation of style, content and purpose than does the letter, but is more disciplined in its form. In categorizing the testaments as such, it is necessary to study contemporary connotations and to defme the basic structure of the model. A selection of genuine, nonficticious testaments drawn up by members of the University of Cambridge in the 16th century has been examined for this purpose. (The 16th and 17th centuries can be taken as the most productive of literary testament writing.) There seems to exist a dichotomy in the testament itself; on the one hand there are mundane considerations (bequeathing of property) and on the other thoughts directed towards the life to come. Ihis dichotomy is observable not only on the content level, but also on the formal level and the semantic level. Ihe relation between the two testamentary elements, which is characterized by polarization, can be postulated as the basic structure of the testament and as the genre norm of the literary texts examined here. Taking into account the fact that the testament has been of varying importance in various ages, a wide selection of literary imitations of the testament from Chaucer to Yeats and after is studied in detail. A distinction may be drawn between mock testaments and serious imitations, with the former representing rebellion against the exalted authorities behind the testament. When the theoretical rebellion coincides with the practical function of satire or attack in a particular case, then the mock testament is raised to a true literary form. The serious imitation, on the other hand, makes use of the metaphysical element of the testament, and is directed to a worldly being or to the 'human condition' (as in examples drawn from the modern poets). Its problems and aim assign this study to the wider fjeld of genre research, particularly research into the relationship between genuine documents (utility texts) and their literary imitations.

Das europäische Mittelalter gilt allgemein als Urkundenzeitalter, doch auch in anderen vormodernen Kulturen sind Urkunden zahlreich überliefert. Nahezu überall in der mediävistischen Forschung spielen sie eine bedeutende Rolle. Urkunden werden nicht mehr nur als "Textspeicher" gesehen, sondern als Objekte, die in einem rituell definierten und symbolisch deutbaren Kommunikationsgeflecht stehen. Dabei wird dem oft hohen Grad an Bildlichkeit große Bedeutung zuerkannt. Urkunden dienten der Repräsentation von Rechtsstellung und Rang ihrer Aussteller, aber auch der Selbstdarstellung der Empfängerseite. Als serielle Quellen bieten sie Aufschlüsse nicht nur zur Herrschafts- oder Rechtsgeschichte, sondern auch zur vormodernen Sachkultur oder der Ideen-, Mentalitäts- und Frömmigkeitsgeschichte. Verstärkte Aufmerksamkeit findet neuerdings die abschriftliche Überlieferung, die neue Aufschlüsse über die Nutzung von Schriftlichkeit bietet, da Urkunden auch zu memorialen und historiographischen Zwecken kopiert wurden. Der Band soll sowohl den gewandelten Stand der Diplomatik deutlich machen, als auch die Möglichkeiten aufzeigen, die die Analyse von Urkunden für Fragestellungen etwa kultur- oder gesellschaftsgeschichtlicher Ausrichtung ermöglicht

The series "QUELLEN UND FORSCHUNGEN ZUR LITERATUR- UND KULTURGESCHICHTE" (Sources and Research in the History of Literature and Culture), with a rich tradition stretching back to 1874, is an established feature among the renowned publications for German Literary Studies. Edited by Ernst Osterkamp and Werner Röcke at the Humboldt University of Berlin, the series presents examples of high-quality scholarship examining literary texts in conjunction with historical cultural phenomena, particularly with the other arts. There is an explicit demand for literary studies with a transdisciplinary approach. German literature from the Middle Ages to the present day forms the main focus of the series. As the historical cultural thrust of the series includes aspects of intercultural experience and national perceptions of the other, Quellen und Forschungen is also open to occasional comparative studies. The publications of the series include monographs, doctoral and professorial theses and thematically focused volumes of collected papers. Works presented for acceptance in the series are required to display scholarly relevance and excellence in method and presentation. - An der Wiener Germanistik wurde im ersten Drittel des 20. Jahrhunderts mehr Frauen die akademische Lehrbefugnis verliehen als an allen anderen Instituten des deutschsprachigen Raums. 1921 habilitierte sich die Literaturhistorikerin Christine Touaillon (1878–1928), 1924 die Romantikforscherin Marianne Thalmann (1888–1975) und 1927 die Volks- und Germanenkundlerin Lily Weiser (1898–1987). Ausgehend von diesem Befund widmet sich die vorliegende Studie der Wissenschafts- und Institutionengeschichte der Wiener Germanistik und zeigt, dass das Selbstverständnis und die disziplinäre Ausdifferenzierung eines Faches wesentlich dessen personelle Umsetzung und damit auch den Status von Außenseitern, mithin von Frauen, im Wissenschaftsbetrieb beeinflussen.

In literary texts which address the disintegration of Yugoslavia, (alternative) narratives of history are very important. Moreover, in David Albahari's Snezni covek/ Snow Man (1995) and Mamac/ Bait (1996) the map as medium has a strong presence. In Mamac the protagonist spreads out a map of Europe to explain his country's history. In Snezni covek the protagonist believes that he lives in the house of a cartographer. An historical atlas dominates the talks between the protagonist and a professor of political science. The article connects the literary approaches to the map as medium in the texts of Albahari with theoretical discourses on cartography and practices of mapping (Sybille Krämer, Denis Cosgrove, Franco Farinelli, Frank Lestringant, Michel de Certeau). The map as medium is connected with the practice of mapping (in) time and space. This is important because the disintegration of Yugoslavia is central in both texts: The process of disintegration demonstrates disorientation in relation to time and space. The map freezes a certain spatial and temporal configuration - and represents a position from which the past, present and future can be defined, but also whether and how borders have shifted.